Near-surface wind fields for San Francisco Bay--historical and 21st century projected time series

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Frequently anticipated questions:

What does this data set describe?

Title:
Near-surface wind fields for San Francisco Bay--historical and 21st century projected time series
Abstract:
To support Coastal Storm Modeling System (CoSMoS) in the San Francisco Bay (v2.1), time series of historical and 21st-century near-surface wind fields (eastward and northward wind arrays) were simulated throughout the Bay. While global climate models (GCMs) provide useful projections of near-surface wind vectors into the 21st century, resolution is not sufficient enough for use in regional wave modeling projects, such as CoSMoS. Short-duration high wind speeds, on the order of hours, are of key importance in wave and subsequent coastal flood modeling. Here we present temporally-downscaled wind data for historical (1975-2004) and projected (2010-2100) time periods, developed using a method similar to constructed analogues (CA), suitable for use in local wave models.
Supplemental_Information:
This work is one supporting part of ongoing modeling efforts for California and the western United States. For information on data sources and details on methodology of this dataset, see source information below. For more information on CoSMoS implementation, see https://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/coastal_processes/cosmos/
  1. How might this data set be cited?
    O'Neill, Andrea C., Erikson, Li H., and Barnard, Patrick L., 2017, Near-surface wind fields for San Francisco Bay--historical and 21st century projected time series: data release DOI:10.5066/F7N58K8W, U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Santa Cruz, California.

    Online Links:

    This is part of the following larger work.

    Barnard, Patrick L., Erikson, Li H., Foxgrover, Amy C., Limber, Patrick W., O'Neill, Andrea C., and Vitousek, Sean, 2015, Coastal Storm Modeling System: data release DOI:10.5066/F7T151Q4, U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, California.

  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?
    West_Bounding_Coordinate: -122.9805
    East_Bounding_Coordinate: -121.5222
    North_Bounding_Coordinate: 38.4795
    South_Bounding_Coordinate: 37.1462
  3. What does it look like?
  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?
    Beginning_Date: 01-Jan-1975
    Ending_Date: 31-Dec-2004
    Currentness_Reference:
    dates of datasets used in the simulation methods
  5. What is the general form of this data set?
    Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Near-surface wind projection data in NetCDF format
  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
    1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
      This is a Raster data set. It contains the following raster data types:
      • Dimensions, type pixel
    2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
      The map projection used is mercator.
      Projection parameters:
      Standard_Parallel: 37.1462
      Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: 37.81285
      False_Easting: -360
      False_Northing: 0
      Planar coordinates are encoded using row and column
      Abscissae (x-coordinates) are specified to the nearest 4000.00
      Ordinates (y-coordinates) are specified to the nearest 4000.00
      Planar coordinates are specified in meters
      The horizontal datum used is World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS84).
      The ellipsoid used is WGS84.
      The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378137.0.
      The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/298.257223563.
  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?
    Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
    NetCDF files are self-contained and attribute information may be found in the header of the file itself.
    Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:
    The entity and attribute information was generated by the individual and/or agency identified as the originator of the data set. Please review the rest of the metadata record for additional details and information.

Who produced the data set?

  1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
    • Andrea C. O'Neill
    • Li H. Erikson
    • Patrick L. Barnard
  2. Who also contributed to the data set?
  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
    Andrea C. O'Neill
    U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
    2885 Mission Street
    Santa Cruz, CA
    USA

    831-460-7586 (voice)
    831-427-4748 (FAX)
    aoneill@usgs.gov

Why was the data set created?

These data are intended for policy makers, resource managers, science researchers, students, and the general public.

How was the data set created?

  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
    Journal article (source 1 of 1)
    O'Neill, Andrea C., Erikson, Li H., and Barnard, Patrick L., 2017, Downscaling wind and wavefields for 21st century coastal flood hazard projections in a region of complex terrain: Earth and Space Science, John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.

    Online Links:

    Type_of_Source_Media: online
    Source_Contribution: Complete explanation and discussion of data and methodology
  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?
    Date: 08-Jan-2013 (process 1 of 5)
    Collected near-surface wind observations at key stations around the San Francisco Bay.
    Date: 02-Apr-2013 (process 2 of 5)
    Obtained spatially-downscaled gridded wind data for historical and 21st century time periods.
    Date: 15-Dec-2013 (process 3 of 5)
    Generated temporally-downscaled wind data for historical and 21st century time periods.
    Date: 21-Nov-2019 (process 4 of 5)
    Edit was made to remove extraneous text from Semi Major Axis tag. No data information was changed. Person who carried out this activity:
    Susan A. Cochran
    U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
    2885 Mission St.
    Santa Cruz, CA
    USA

    831-460-7545 (voice)
    scochran@usgs.gov
    Date: 19-Oct-2020 (process 5 of 5)
    Edited metadata to add keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. No data were changed. Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: VeeAnn A. Cross
    Marine Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA

    508-548-8700 x2251 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    vatnipp@usgs.gov
  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

  1. How well have the observations been checked?
    Attribute values are time-series projections of near-surface wind in historical periods (1975-2004) and the 21st century (2010-2100). Future projections include future climatic changes in accordance with the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) Earth System Model (ESM2M) for Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5, and therefore cannot be cross-checked with observations, because observations do not exist. Historical comparisons have been made and are outlined in O'Neill and others (2017).
  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
    Data are concurrent with specified originating gridded data locations.
  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
    N/A
  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
    Data set is considered complete. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details.
  5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
    Data have undergone QA/QC and fall within expected/reasonable ranges.

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
Access_Constraints: none
Use_Constraints:
USGS-authored or produced data and information are in the public domain from the U.S. Government and are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize and acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator(s) of the dataset and in products derived from these data.
  1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)
    U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase
    Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302
    Denver, CO
    USA

    1-888-275-8747 (voice)
    sciencebase@usgs.gov
  2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set?
  3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
    Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty.
  4. How can I download or order the data?

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:
Last modified: 19-Oct-2020
Metadata author:
Andrea C. O'Neill
U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
Oceanographer
2885 Mission Street
Santa Cruz, CA
USA

831-460-7586 (voice)
831-427-4748 (FAX)
aoneill@usgs.gov
Metadata standard:
Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)
This page is <https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/catalog/pcmsc/DataReleases/ScienceBase/DR_F7N58K8W/nearsurface_wind_metadata.faq.html>
Generated by mp version 2.9.50 on Tue Sep 21 18:17:19 2021