Bathymetry of the Bering Strait: Chukotka to Diomede Island

Metadata:

• Identification_Information
• Data_Quality_Information
• Spatial_Data_Organization_Information
• Spatial_Reference_Information
• Entity_and_Attribute_Information
• Distribution_Information
• Metadata_Reference_Information

Identification_Information:

Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: U.S. Geological Survey

Publication_Date: 19970430

Title: Bathymetry of the Bering Strait: Chukotka to Diomede Island

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Anchorage, Alaska

Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey

Other_Citation_Details:

Citation of the source map: Hopkins, D. M., C. H. Nelson, R. B. Perry, and T. R. Alpha. 1976. Physiographic subdivisions of the Chirikov Basin, Northern Bering Sea (studies on the marine geology of the Bering Sea). Geological Survey Professional Paper 759-B. U.S. Government Printing Office. 7pp. 3 plates.

Description:

Abstract:

The bathymetric map of the northern Bering Sea region, plate 1 of USGS Professional Paper 759-B, 1976, was generated using published National Ocean Service maps and an unpublished map from Univ. of Washington. The region covered by the map includes the eastern tip of the Chukotka Peninsula, Russia, east to the Seward Peninsula and northern Yukon Delta, Alaska, and south to St. Lawrence Island, Alaska. The portion digitized was west of the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ, or Convention Line of 1867). Only the Russian side of the map was included in the coverage because better data were available for the U.S. side of region from the National Ocean Service, National Geophysical Data Center.

Purpose:

The map was produced with Prof. Paper 759-B to show the diverse topography and complex relief of the sea floor in the Bering Strait and Chirkov Basin areas, and display the relief for future geophysical studies. The Russian side of the map was digitized because bathymetric data for Russia are difficult to find.

Supplemental_Information:

The USGS Alaska Science Center created this and other digital bathymetry coverages to support marine animal research in the Bering and Chukchi Seas. The completed coverages are being stored on the Coastal and Marine Geoscience Data System (CMGDS) for archival purposes only. The coverage "Bathymetry of the Bering Strait: Chukotka to Diomede Island" is titled BERSTRAT_3GEO (berstrat=bering strait, 3=polygon topology, geo=geographic projection)

Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 1976

Currentness_Reference: map publication date

Status:

Progress: Complete

Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None

Spatial_Domain:

Bounding_Coordinates:

West_Bounding_Coordinate: -173

East_Bounding_Coordinate: -169

North_Bounding_Coordinate: 67

South_Bounding_Coordinate: 64

Keywords:

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Categories

Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation

Theme_Keyword: oceans

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None

Theme_Keyword: bathymetry

Theme_Keyword: contours

Place:

Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None

Place_Keyword: Chukotka Peninsula

Place_Keyword: northeast Russia

Place_Keyword: Arctic Ocean

Place_Keyword: Bering Strait

Access_Constraints: None

Use_Constraints:

Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator of the dataset. Data are not to be used for navigation.

Point_of_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization: Alaska Science Center, Marine and Fresh Water Ecology Branch

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing and physical

Address: Biological Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey

Address: 1011 E. Tudor Road

City: Anchorage

State_or_Province: Alaska

Postal_Code: 99503

Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 907-786-3512

Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 907-786-3636

Hours_of_Service: 8:00 am to 4:00pm Monday through Friday

Contact_Instructions: None

Native_Data_Set_Environment: Esri Arc/INFO 7.1

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: National Ocean Service

Originator: U.S. Department of Commerce

Publication_Date: multiple

Title:

Coastal Shelf Bathymetry of the Bering, Chukchi, and Beaufort Seas

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Map

Series_Information:

Series_Name: Bathymetric Maps

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Washington, D.C.

Publisher: Department of Commerce, NOAA, NOS

Other_Citation_Details:

Maps available for purchase from National Geophysical Data Center, E/GC3, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80303-3228.

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: U.S. Geological Survey

Publication_Date: 1988

Title:

Bathymetric Map of the Bowers Basin and Aleutian Basin east of the U.S.-U.S.S.R. 1867 Convention Line, Bering Sea

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Map

Series_Information:

Series_Name: Open File Report

Issue_Identification: 89-548

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Menlo Park, CA

Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey

Other_Citation_Details:

Hall, R.K., H.A. Karl, P.R. Carlson, A.K. Cooper, J.V. Gardner, R.E. Hunter, M.S. Marlow, and A.J. Stevenson. 1989. Bathymetric map of the Aleutian Basin and Bowers Basin east of the U.S.-U.S.S.R. 1867 Convention Line, Bering Sea. U. S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-548, 6 pp, 1 map, scale 1:2,000,000.

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: U.S. Geological Survey

Publication_Date: 1984

Title: Bathymetric map of the Chukchi Sea

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Map

Series_Information:

Series_Name: Miscellaneous Investigations Series

Issue_Identification: Map I-1182-D

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Washington, D.C.

Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey

Other_Citation_Details:

Hill, E. R., A. Grantz, S. D. May, and M. Smith. 1984. Bathymetric map of the Chukchi Sea. U.S. Geological Survey, Misc. Inves. Series I-1182-D.

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: U.S. Geological Survey

Publication_Date: 1976

Title:

Bathymetric Map of the Chukchi Sea and Arctic Ocean & bathymetric Map of the Aleutian Trench and Bering Sea

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Map

Series_Information:

Series_Name: Open File Report

Issue_Identification: 76-821 and 76-823

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Washington, D.C.

Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey

Other_Citation_Details:

Schumacher, G. M. 1976. Bathymetric map of the Chukchi Sea and Arctic Ocean. USGS Open File Report 76-823. Schumacher, G. M. 1976. Bathymetric map of the Aleutian Trench and Bering Sea. USGS Open File Report 76-821.

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Geological Society of America

Publication_Date: 1974

Title: Bathymetric Map of the Bering Sea

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Map

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Boulder, CO

Publisher: Geological Society of America

Other_Citation_Details:

Pratt, R. and F. Walton. 1974. Bathymetric Map of the Bering Sea. The Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO.

Data_Quality_Information:

Attribute_Accuracy:

Attribute_Accuracy_Report:

Attribute accuracy was tested by manually comparing hard copy plots to the source map. Accuracy of the source map is related to the contouring algorithm used to derive the contours, quality of the data used to generate contours, and changes in bathymetry since the data were collected.

Logical_Consistency_Report:

All polygon features are checked for topology using Arc/INFO software. Each polygon begins and ends with a node feature. All nodes are checked for errors so that there are no dangling features. There are no duplicate lines or polygons. All nodes will snap together and close polygons based on a specified tolerance. if the node is not within tolerance it is adjusted manually. The tests for logical consistency are performed in Arc/INFO.

Completeness_Report:

Contours were digitized at 10 meter intervals from the coastline and islands (0 meters) to 50 meters. Intermediate contours at 2 meter intervals were not digitized. The coverage ends at the EEZ (Convention Line of 1867). The coastline from the map was digitized with the bathymetry, because the resolution of the map was much higher than digital coastlines available for the Chukotka Peninsula. The coverage stops at the EEZ instead of completing the Bering Strait because higher resolution data were available for the region east of the EEZ.

Positional_Accuracy:

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:

Horizontal positional accuracy was tested using Arc/INFO's RMS errors generated when the map is converted from table inches to real world coordinates. A mean RMS error of 0.003 was maintained by registering each 1 x 1 degree area prior to digitizing. When overlayed with lower resolution coastlines for the Chukotka Peninsula the digitized coastline and bathymetry follow closely, but are obviously of higher resolution.

Lineage:

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: U.S. Geological Survey

Publication_Date: 1976

Title:

Plate 1. Topographic and Bathymetric map of the Northern Bering Sea Region

Series_Information:

Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper

Issue_Identification: 759-B

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Washington, D.C.

Publisher: U.S. Government Printing Office

Other_Citation_Details:

Hopkins, D. M., C. H. Nelson, R. B. Perry, and T. R. Alpha. 1976. Physiographic subdivisions of the Chirikov Basin, Northern Bering Sea (studies on the marine geology of the Bering Sea). Geological Survey Professional Paper 759-B. U.S. Government Printing Office. 7pp. 3 plates.

Source_Scale_Denominator: 1000000

Type_of_Source_Media: Paper

Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 1976

Source_Currentness_Reference: Publication date

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: USGS_berstrat

Source_Contribution:

The map provided the bathymetric contours for the digitized vector data

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

A tic base was created using the generate command with the fishnet option (in Arc/INFO) to generate a latitude and longitude grid in geographic projection. The tic base was then projected into Lambert Conformal Conic (projection of source map) and used to register the map on the digitizer. Standard parallels of 55 N and 65 N were supplied on the source map, a central meridian of -166 proved to have the least amount of error within the digitized region of the map. The Russian portion of the map was hand digitized, including the coastline. Each 1 x 1 degree block was registered prior to digitizing to minimize errors. Processing tolerances were: weed 35 meters, grain 35 meters, dangle 0.1 meters, and fuzzy 0.1 meters. Note that these tolerances are in meters and the completed coverage is in geographic projection. THESE TOLERANCES SHOULD BE SPECIFIED IN ANY FUTURE BUILD OR CLEAN TO MAINTAIN THE INTEGRITY OF THE COVERAGE.

Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: USGS_berstrat

Process_Date: 199609

Process_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization: Alaska Science Center, Marine and Fresh Water Ecology Branch

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing and physical

Address: Biological Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey

Address: 1011 E. Tudor Road

City: Anchorage

State_or_Province: Alaska

Postal_Code: 99503

Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 907-786-3512

Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 907-786-3636

Hours_of_Service: 8:00 am to 4:00pm Monday through Friday

Contact_Instructions: None

Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:

Indirect_Spatial_Reference: Bathymetric contours

Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector

Point_and_Vector_Object_Information:

SDTS_Terms_Description:

SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: String

Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 120

SDTS_Terms_Description:

SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: Entity point

Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 44

SDTS_Terms_Description:

SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: GT-polygon composed of chains

Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 44

SDTS_Terms_Description:

SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: Entity point

Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 1

Spatial_Reference_Information:

Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:

Geographic:

Latitude_Resolution: 2.6573761715553701e-005

Longitude_Resolution: 2.6573761715553701e-005

Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal Degrees

Geodetic_Model:

Horizontal_Datum_Name: D Clarke 1866

Ellipsoid_Name: Clarke 1866

Semi-major_Axis: 6378206.4

Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 294.9786982

Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition:

Depth_System_Definition:

Depth_Datum_Name: Mean Sea Level

Depth_Resolution: 10

Depth_Distance_Units: meters

Depth_Encoding_Method: Attribute values

Entity_and_Attribute_Information:

Detailed_Description:

Entity_Type:

Entity_Type_Label: berstrat_3geo.aat

Entity_Type_Definition: Bering Strait Bathymetry Arc Attribute Table (arcs)

Entity_Type_Definition_Source: USGS; ESRI

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: FID

Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number.

Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain:

Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Shape

Attribute_Definition: Feature geometry.

Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: Coordinates defining the features.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: FNODE#

Attribute_Definition: Internal node number for the beginning of an arc (from-node).

Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: Whole numbers that are automatically generated.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: TNODE#

Attribute_Definition: Internal node number for the end of an arc (to-node).

Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: Whole numbers that are automatically generated.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: LPOLY#

Attribute_Definition: Internal node number for the left polygon.

Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: Whole numbers that are automatically generated.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: RPOLY#

Attribute_Definition: Internal node number for the right polygon.

Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: Whole numbers that are automatically generated.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: LENGTH

Attribute_Definition: Length of feature in internal units.

Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: Positive real numbers that are automatically generated.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: BERSTRAT#

Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number.

Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain:

Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: BERSTRAT-ID

Attribute_Definition: User-defined feature number.

Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain:

Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: DEPTH

Attribute_Definition: Depth in meters below sea level for each contour.

Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 20

Range_Domain_Maximum: 8000

Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: CLASS

Attribute_Definition: A categorical variable to define the line type.

Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain:

Class=0 for digitized bathymetric contours; class=8 for arcs that were added to close polygons; and class=9 for the Russian and US/Canadian coastlines. There were 2 cases where class 8 arcs were used: (1) when contours ended because adjoining contours were too close, and (2) the box used as the perimeter of the coverage.

Detailed_Description:

Entity_Type:

Entity_Type_Label: berstrat_3geo.pat

Entity_Type_Definition: Bering Strait Bathymetry Polygon Attribute Table (polygons)

Entity_Type_Definition_Source: USGS; ESRI

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: FID

Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number.

Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain:

Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Shape

Attribute_Definition: Feature geometry.

Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: Coordinates defining the features.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: AREA

Attribute_Definition: Area of feature in internal units squared.

Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: Positive real numbers that are automatically generated.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: PERIMETER

Attribute_Definition: Perimeter of feature in internal units.

Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: Positive real numbers that are automatically generated.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: BERSTRAT#

Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number.

Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain:

Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: BERSTRAT-ID

Attribute_Definition: User-defined feature number.

Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain:

Sequential unique whole numbers that were automatically generated.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: MID_DEPTH

Attribute_Definition:

Polygon attribute calculated as the mid-point between bounding arcs, e.g. mid-depth between 50 and 100 meter contours equals 75 meters, and between 4,000 and 4,400 meter contours is 4,200 meters. Where a bathymetric contour was an "island" and there was no further depth information inside the "island", the mid-depth was coded as the bounding contour's depth.

Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 25

Range_Domain_Maximum: 8000

Overview_Description:

Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:

The coverage contains two attributes pertinant for data analysis and display (depth and mid-depth), and one attribute that specifies line type (class). Depth is an arc attribute (.aat) that specifies the ocean depth at each contour in meters. Mid-depth is a polygon attribute (.pat) calculated from the depth values of each polygon's bounding contours (e.g. a polygon with bounding contours of 30 m and 40 m would be 35 m). Class displays the type of line, 0 for digitized bathymetric contours, 9 for the coastline, and 8 for arcs added to close polygons.

Distribution_Information:

Distributor:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization: Alaska Science Center, Marine and Fresh Water Ecology Branch

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: Mailing and physical

Address: 1011 E. Tudor Road

City: Anchorage

State_or_Province: Alaska

Postal_Code: 99503

Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 907-786-3512

Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 907-786-3636

Hours_of_Service: 8:00am to 4:00pm Monday through Friday

Contact_Instructions: None

Distribution_Liability:

Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the US Geological Survey (USGS) no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the accuracy or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. This disclaimer applies both to individual use of the data and aggregate use with other data. It is strongly recommended that these data are directly acquired from USGS server, and not indirectly through other sources which may have changed the data in some way. It is also strongly recommended that careful attention be paid to the contents of the metadata file associated with these data. The USGS shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and/or contained herein.

Standard_Order_Process:

Digital_Form:

Digital_Transfer_Information:

Format_Name: ARC/INFO

Format_Version_Number: Version 7.1

File_Decompression_Technique: ArcInfo Interchange file (E00) and Zip (.zip)

Transfer_Size: 149 KB

Digital_Transfer_Option:

Online_Option:

Computer_Contact_Information:

Network_Address:

Network_Resource_Name: <http://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/data/walrus/>

Access_Instructions:

Use internet browse or file manager application (such as Windows Explorer) to access the directory (<http://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/data/walrus/>) and download berstrat.zip

Fees: None, if obtained online.

Metadata_Reference_Information:

Metadata_Date: 19970425

Metadata_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization: Alaska Science Center, Marine and Fresh Water Ecology Branch

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: Mailing and physical

Address: 1011 E. Tudor Road

City: Anchorage

State_or_Province: Alaska

Postal_Code: 99503

Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 907-786-3512

Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 907-786-3636

Hours_of_Service: 8:00am to 4:00pm Monday through Friday

Contact_Instructions: None

Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata

Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998

Metadata_Time_Convention: local time

Metadata_Access_Constraints: None

Metadata_Use_Constraints: None

Metadata_Security_Information:

Metadata_Security_Classification_System: Department of Defense

Metadata_Security_Classification: Unclassified

Metadata_Security_Handling_Description: None