{
    "tag": 11973,
    "title": "Aerial Imagery of the North Carolina Coast: 2019-08-30 and 2019-09-02, Pre-Hurricane Dorian",
    "pubdate": "20211015",
    "sername": null,
    "series_name": null,
    "issue": null,
    "publish": null,
    "publisher_name": null,
    "onlink": "https:\/\/cmgds.marine.usgs.gov\/catalog\/spcmsc\/2019-08_NC_Imagery_metadata.faq.html",
    "format": null,
    "email": null,
    "descript": "The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Remote Sensing Coastal Change (RSCC) project collects aerial imagery along coastal swaths, in response to storm events, with optimized endlap\/sidelap and precise position information to create high-resolution orthomosaics, three-dimensional (3D) point clouds, and digital elevation\/surface models (DEMs\/DSMs) using Structure-from-Motion (SfM) photogrammetry methods. These products are valuable for measuring topographic and landscape change, and for understanding coastal vulnerability and response to disturbance events. A nadir (vertical) aerial imagery survey was conducted from Cape Lookout, North Carolina to the Virginia-North Carolina border on August 30th and September 2, 2019, to document pre-storm conditions in preparation for the passing of Hurricane Dorian (U.S. landfall was on September 6). The observations along the coastline cover an approximately 275-kilometer (km) long by 300 to 700-meter (m) wide swath of coastline and encompass both highly developed towns as well as natural undeveloped areas, including the federal lands of Cape Lookout National Seashore and Cape Hatteras National Seashore. Low altitude (300 meters above ground level) digital aerial imagery were acquired from a manned, fixed-wing aircraft using a Sony A7R 36 Megapixel digital camera, along with precise aircraft navigation Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data. Data were collected in shore-parallel lines, flying at approximately 50 meters per second (m\/s) and capturing true color imagery at 1 Hertz (Hz), resulting in image footprints with approximately 75-80% endlap, 60-70% sidelap, and a 5.3-centimeter (cm) ground sample distance (GSD). The precise time of each image capture (flash event) was recorded, and the corresponding aircraft position was computed during post-processing of the GNSS data; precise image positions can then be determined by accounting for the lever arm offsets between the aircraft GNSS antenna and the camera lens. Position data, provided as latitude\/longitude\/ellipsoid height, is referenced to the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83(2011)).",
    "lang": null,
    "journal": null,
    "pwid": null,
    "originator": [
        {
            "name": "Kranenburg, Christine J.",
            "role": "Author"
        },
        {
            "name": "Ritchie, Andrew C.",
            "role": "Author"
        },
        {
            "name": "Brown, Jenna A.",
            "role": "Author"
        },
        {
            "name": "Over, Jin-Si R.",
            "role": "Author"
        },
        {
            "name": "Sherwood, Christopher R.",
            "role": "Author"
        },
        {
            "name": "Warrick, Jonathan A.",
            "role": "Author"
        },
        {
            "name": "Wernette, Phillipe A.",
            "role": "Author"
        }
    ],
    "index_term": [
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "15",
            "name": "aerial photography",
            "scope": "The process of taking pictures with a camera from an aircraft. Use for both the process of photography from the air and the images produced by the process."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "1799",
            "name": "coastal processes",
            "scope": "Processes unique to coastal areas including longshore transport, beach erosion, storm surge, shoreline change, delta formation, barrier island migration, beach stabilization by vegetation"
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "468",
            "name": "geomorphology",
            "scope": "Branch of geology dealing with surface land features and the processes that create and change them."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "474",
            "name": "geospatial datasets",
            "scope": "Collections of related digital information that are geographically referenced."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "549",
            "name": "hurricanes",
            "scope": "Severe cyclones, or revolving storms, originating over the equatorial regions of the earth, accompanied by torrential rain, lightning, and winds with a speed greater than 74 miles per hour."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "575",
            "name": "image collections",
            "scope": "Visible representations of objects or earth properties produced by cameras, spectral instruments, or as graphical representations of measurements."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "981",
            "name": "remote sensing",
            "scope": "Acquiring information about a natural feature or phenomenon, such as the Earth's surface, without actually being in contact with it. USGS remote sensing is usually carried out with airborne or spaceborne sensors or cameras."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "2265",
            "name": "structure from motion",
            "scope": "Mathematical analysis, using photogrammetric principles, of multiple images that depict the same subject from different angles to derive geometrical information and relationships in three-dimensional space that are not inherent in any single image. Often used for deriving land elevation or large scale orthoimagery from a collection of aerial photographs."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 15,
            "code": "008",
            "name": "geoscientificInformation",
            "scope": "Information pertaining to earth sciences, for example geophysical features and processes, geology, minerals, sciences dealing with the composition, structure and origin of the earth's rocks, risks of earthquakes, volcanic activity, landslides, gravity information, soils, permafrost, hydrogeology, groundwater, erosion"
        },
        {
            "thcode": 15,
            "code": "010",
            "name": "imageryBaseMapsEarthCover",
            "scope": "Base maps, for example land\/earth cover, topographic maps, imagery, unclassified images, annotations, digital ortho imagery"
        },
        {
            "thcode": 15,
            "code": "014",
            "name": "oceans",
            "scope": "Features and characteristics of salt water bodies (excluding inland waters), for example tides, tidal waves, coastal information, reefs, maritime, outer continental shelf submerged lands, shoreline"
        }
    ],
    "place_term": [],
    "image": [],
    "fan": [
        "2019-310-CNT"
    ]
}