{
    "tag": 8154,
    "title": "Vectorized Marsh Shorelines for the Grand Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve in Mississippi and Alabama from 1848 to 2017",
    "pubdate": "20180911",
    "sername": null,
    "series_name": null,
    "issue": "doi:10.5066\/P9JMA8WK",
    "publish": null,
    "publisher_name": null,
    "onlink": "https:\/\/cmgds.marine.usgs.gov\/catalog\/spcmsc\/Shorelines_1848_2017_metadata.faq.html",
    "format": null,
    "email": null,
    "descript": "This dataset represents a compilation of vector shorelines in the Grand Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve (Mississippi and Alabama) from 1848 to 2017. Shoreline data were obtained from multiple data sources, including the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the Grand Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve (GBNERR), and the Mississippi Office of Geology (MOG). All shoreline data types have uncertainty associated with delineating the shoreline location, particularly with vegetated coastlines. For this study, the \"apparent shoreline\" was mapped for all data sources. The \"apparent shoreline\" is defined as \"where the actual shoreline is obscured by marsh, mangrove, cypress, or other type of marine vegetation, the outer edge of the vegetation is mapped\u201d (Shalowitz, 1964). In the case of aerial imagery, vegetation-water boundary was digitized. Field-surveys identified the edge of the dominate vegetation or the eroding scarp line. Shorelines were obtained from the original provider, or digitized, and merged into a single file, in order to conduct shoreline change analyses. Datasets were compiled and analyzed using the R package Analyzing Moving Boundaries Using R (AMBUR) program. Rates of shoreline change can be used for evaluating living shoreline resources, decision-making for future resource planning, and restoration of both protected and open-ocean shorelines. This data release contains shorelines from 1848-2017 along with transects with rates of change joined to the data table. This metadata record should be reviewed in its entirety to ensure specific data is suitable for other studies as some shorelines were specifically digitized for use with transects in this study. Shorelines from 1942, 1975, 1986, 1992, 2004, 2006, 2014 have limited spatial resolution. All shorelines labeled GBNERR in the \u201cSource\u201d field of the attribute table, and 2016 and 2017 GPS shorelines from the USGS, are previously unpublished data sets.",
    "lang": null,
    "journal": null,
    "pwid": null,
    "originator": [
        {
            "name": "Terrano, Joseph F.",
            "role": "Author"
        },
        {
            "name": "Smith, Kathryn E. L.",
            "role": "Author"
        },
        {
            "name": "Pitchford, Jonathan L.",
            "role": "Author"
        },
        {
            "name": "McIlwain, Julius",
            "role": "Author"
        },
        {
            "name": "Archer, Michael",
            "role": "Author"
        }
    ],
    "index_term": [
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "15",
            "name": "aerial photography",
            "scope": "The process of taking pictures with a camera from an aircraft. Use for both the process of photography from the air and the images produced by the process."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "1799",
            "name": "coastal processes",
            "scope": "Processes unique to coastal areas including longshore transport, beach erosion, storm surge, shoreline change, delta formation, barrier island migration, beach stabilization by vegetation"
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "2051",
            "name": "digitization",
            "scope": "Compilation in digital form of data previously presented in analog forms such as contours on paper maps, plots, or other graphical materials, so that the digital data produced approximates the scientific measurements used to create the original printed materials."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 15,
            "code": "003",
            "name": "boundaries",
            "scope": "Legal land descriptions, for example political and administrative boundaries, governmental units, marine boundaries, voting districts, school districts, international boundaries"
        },
        {
            "thcode": 15,
            "code": "007",
            "name": "environment",
            "scope": "Environmental resources, protection and conservation, for example environmental pollution, waste storage and treatment, environmental impact assessment, monitoring environmental risk, nature reserves, landscape, water quality, air quality, environmental modeling"
        },
        {
            "thcode": 15,
            "code": "008",
            "name": "geoscientificInformation",
            "scope": "Information pertaining to earth sciences, for example geophysical features and processes, geology, minerals, sciences dealing with the composition, structure and origin of the earth's rocks, risks of earthquakes, volcanic activity, landslides, gravity information, soils, permafrost, hydrogeology, groundwater, erosion"
        },
        {
            "thcode": 15,
            "code": "014",
            "name": "oceans",
            "scope": "Features and characteristics of salt water bodies (excluding inland waters), for example tides, tidal waves, coastal information, reefs, maritime, outer continental shelf submerged lands, shoreline"
        }
    ],
    "place_term": [],
    "image": [],
    "fan": []
}