{
    "tag": 7842,
    "title": "Shorelines_Oct2012_Sept2014: Hurricane Sandy Beach Response and Recovery at Fire Island, New York: Shoreline and Beach Profile Data, October 2012 to October 2014.",
    "pubdate": "20150325",
    "sername": null,
    "series_name": null,
    "issue": "DS 931",
    "publish": null,
    "publisher_name": null,
    "onlink": "https:\/\/cmgds.marine.usgs.gov\/catalog\/spcmsc\/DS931_Shorelines_Oct2012_Sept2014_metadata.faq.html",
    "format": null,
    "email": null,
    "descript": "This shapefile consists of Fire Island, NY pre- and post-storm shoreline data collected from October 2012 to September 2014. This dataset contains 13 Mean High Water (MHW) shorelines for Fire Island, NY (A total of 15 dates, where two shorelines were collected over multiple days). Prior to and following Hurricane Sandy in October, 2012, continuous alongshore DGPS data were collected to assess the positional changes of the shoreline (MHW - 0.46 m NAVD88) and the upper portion of the beach. Over the course of 23 months, 13 surveys were conducted collecting data along shore-parallel tracks to capture the base of the dune, the mid-beach, and the upper and lower foreshore. The alongshore tracks extend from just west of Fire Island Lighthouse to the western flank of the storm-induced inlet breach at Old Inlet.  The MHW shoreline (0.46 m North American Vertical Datum of 1988 [NAVD 88]; Weber and others, 2005) is derived from the field data by using an interpolation method that creates a series of equally-spaced cross-shore profiles between the two survey lines that flank the MHW contour. The foreshore slope is assumed to be uniform on each profile. Using this slope and the two surveyed positions on each cross-shore profile, a simple geometric calculation is done to find where each profile line intersects the MHW contour.",
    "lang": null,
    "journal": null,
    "pwid": null,
    "originator": [
        {
            "name": "U.S. Geological Survey",
            "role": "Author"
        },
        {
            "name": "Hapke, Cheryl J.",
            "role": "Author"
        },
        {
            "name": "Brenner, Owen T.",
            "role": "Author"
        },
        {
            "name": "Hehre, Rachel E.",
            "role": "Author"
        },
        {
            "name": "Reynolds, Billy J.",
            "role": "Author"
        }
    ],
    "index_term": [
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "1799",
            "name": "coastal processes",
            "scope": "Processes unique to coastal areas including longshore transport, beach erosion, storm surge, shoreline change, delta formation, barrier island migration, beach stabilization by vegetation"
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "353",
            "name": "erosion",
            "scope": "The process whereby materials of the earth's crust are loosened, dissolved, or worn away and simultaneously moved from one place to another."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "549",
            "name": "hurricanes",
            "scope": "Severe cyclones, or revolving storms, originating over the equatorial regions of the earth, accompanied by torrential rain, lightning, and winds with a speed greater than 74 miles per hour."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "2072",
            "name": "shoreline accretion",
            "scope": "Seaward migration of the shoreline resulting from the addition of earth materials."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 15,
            "code": "007",
            "name": "environment",
            "scope": "Environmental resources, protection and conservation, for example environmental pollution, waste storage and treatment, environmental impact assessment, monitoring environmental risk, nature reserves, landscape, water quality, air quality, environmental modeling"
        },
        {
            "thcode": 15,
            "code": "008",
            "name": "geoscientificInformation",
            "scope": "Information pertaining to earth sciences, for example geophysical features and processes, geology, minerals, sciences dealing with the composition, structure and origin of the earth's rocks, risks of earthquakes, volcanic activity, landslides, gravity information, soils, permafrost, hydrogeology, groundwater, erosion"
        },
        {
            "thcode": 15,
            "code": "014",
            "name": "oceans",
            "scope": "Features and characteristics of salt water bodies (excluding inland waters), for example tides, tidal waves, coastal information, reefs, maritime, outer continental shelf submerged lands, shoreline"
        },
        {
            "thcode": 61,
            "code": "14",
            "name": "coastal processes",
            "scope": "oceanographic and geologic processes that cause changes to the shoreline and coastal zone."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 61,
            "code": "57",
            "name": "effects of coastal change",
            "scope": "changes in coastal processes, landscapes, and ecosystems."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 61,
            "code": "356",
            "name": "hurricanes and typhoons",
            "scope": "tropical cyclonic storms."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 61,
            "code": "68",
            "name": "shoreline accretion",
            "scope": "seaward migration of the shoreline resulting from the addition of earth materials."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 61,
            "code": "69",
            "name": "shoreline erosion",
            "scope": "landward migration of the shoreline resulting from the removal of earth materials."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 61,
            "code": "339",
            "name": "storm erosion",
            "scope": "the loss of earth materials due to flooding, winds, or other transport by an extreme storm such as a hurricane, particularly in coastal areas."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 61,
            "code": "25",
            "name": "winter storms",
            "scope": "extratropical cyclones."
        }
    ],
    "place_term": [],
    "image": [],
    "fan": []
}