{
    "tag": 17585,
    "title": "Data and calculations to support the study of the sea-air flux of methane and carbon dioxide on the West Spitsbergen margin in June 2014",
    "pubdate": "2017",
    "sername": null,
    "series_name": null,
    "issue": "DOI:10.5066\/F7M906V0",
    "publish": null,
    "publisher_name": null,
    "onlink": "https:\/\/cmgds.marine.usgs.gov\/catalog\/whcmsc\/SB_data_release\/DR_F7M906V0\/gasfluxdata_spitsbergen2014_meta.faq.html",
    "format": null,
    "email": null,
    "descript": "A critical question for assessing global greenhouse gas budgets is how much of the methane that escapes from seafloor cold seep sites to the overlying water column eventually crosses the sea-air interface and reaches the atmosphere. The issue is particularly important in Arctic Ocean waters since rapid warming there increases the likelihood that gas hydrate--an ice-like form of methane and water stable at particular pressure and temperature conditions within marine sediments--will break down and release its methane to the overlying ocean. Some researchers have even proposed the possibility of an Arctic methane catastrophe characterized by wholesale breakdown of gas hydrates in marine sediments and release of the methane to the atmosphere as climate warms. This dataset collected on the West Spitsbergen margin during U.S. Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Geology Program Field Activity 2014-013-FA, which was carried out in conjunction with the University of Tromso and the GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel on the R\/V Helmer Hanssen, records 30-second-gridded methane and carbon dioxide concentrations in near-surface seawater and the atmospheric marine boundary layer, the carbon-13 isotopic composition of methane and carbon dioxide in the near-surface waters, and also environmental parameters (e.g., seawater salinity, wind speed, water and air temperatures).  The results of calculations required to determine the sea-air flux of methane and carbon dioxide are also provided.",
    "lang": null,
    "journal": null,
    "pwid": null,
    "originator": [
        {
            "name": "Ruppel, Carolyn D.",
            "role": "Author"
        },
        {
            "name": "Pohlman, John W.",
            "role": "Author"
        },
        {
            "name": "Casso, Michael A.",
            "role": "Author"
        }
    ],
    "index_term": [
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "141",
            "name": "carbon cycling",
            "scope": "The circulation of carbon in the biosphere, atmosphere, and hydrosphere through a series of processes that include photosynthesis, consumption, and respiration."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "142",
            "name": "carbon isotope analysis",
            "scope": "Experimental determination of the proportion of a given stable carbon isotope (C12 or C13) in a sample."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "703",
            "name": "marine chemistry",
            "scope": "Branch of chemistry that deals with the properties, composition, structure, and interaction of substances in the seas and oceans."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "823",
            "name": "ocean-atmosphere interaction",
            "scope": "Processes, including momentum, heat, gas and other exchanges, which result in profound effects on climate and interactions between the air in the lowest part of the atmosphere and the oceans."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "819",
            "name": "ocean temperature",
            "scope": "Distribution of heat in the oceans, including surface water, thermocline and mode waters, and deep waters.  Includes discussion and measures of both in-situ and potential temperature."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 15,
            "code": "007",
            "name": "environment",
            "scope": "Environmental resources, protection and conservation, for example environmental pollution, waste storage and treatment, environmental impact assessment, monitoring environmental risk, nature reserves, landscape, water quality, air quality, environmental modeling"
        },
        {
            "thcode": 15,
            "code": "008",
            "name": "geoscientificInformation",
            "scope": "Information pertaining to earth sciences, for example geophysical features and processes, geology, minerals, sciences dealing with the composition, structure and origin of the earth's rocks, risks of earthquakes, volcanic activity, landslides, gravity information, soils, permafrost, hydrogeology, groundwater, erosion"
        },
        {
            "thcode": 15,
            "code": "014",
            "name": "oceans",
            "scope": "Features and characteristics of salt water bodies (excluding inland waters), for example tides, tidal waves, coastal information, reefs, maritime, outer continental shelf submerged lands, shoreline"
        },
        {
            "thcode": 61,
            "code": "437",
            "name": "oceanographic observations",
            "scope": "used for field observations related to all aspects of oceanography: physical, chemical, and biological; may also be used for field studies of freshwater bodies that use oceanographic techniques."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 61,
            "code": "441",
            "name": "seepage studies",
            "scope": "used for studies of submarine groundwater discharge and other forms of fluid exchange between a body of water and the surrounding substrate (sea floor, lake floor, etc.)."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 61,
            "code": "286",
            "name": "seep and vent ecosystems",
            "scope": "used for chemosynthetic ecosystems that develop around water seeps and hydrothermal vents, often in the deep sea."
        }
    ],
    "place_term": [
        {
            "thcode": 1,
            "code": "fNO",
            "name": "Norway",
            "scope": "country",
            "pname": "Europe"
        },
        {
            "thcode": 1,
            "code": "fSV",
            "name": "Svalbard",
            "scope": "country",
            "pname": "Europe"
        }
    ],
    "image": [
        {
            "name": "https:\/\/www.sciencebase.gov\/catalog\/file\/get\/58cc3750e4b0849ce97dcec5?name=gasflux_basemap.jpg",
            "description": "Browse graphic of the data point locations of the sea-air flux of methane and carbon dioxide on the West Spitsbergen margin."
        }
    ],
    "fan": [
        "2014-013-FA"
    ]
}