{
    "tag": 6234,
    "title": "Coral growth parameters, Kahekili, west Maui",
    "pubdate": "2017",
    "sername": null,
    "series_name": null,
    "issue": "DOI:10.5066\/F7X34VPV",
    "publish": null,
    "publisher_name": null,
    "onlink": "https:\/\/cmgds.marine.usgs.gov\/catalog\/pcmsc\/DataReleases\/ScienceBase\/DR_F7X34VPV\/Kahekili_coral_metadata.faq.html",
    "format": null,
    "email": null,
    "descript": "Surface runoff and submarine groundwater discharge in particular are known vectors to the coastal ocean of elevated nutrients and contaminants leading to eutrophication, algal overgrowth, and coral disease.  Freshwater discharging directly from submarine groundwater vents off of Kahekili Beach Park, Kaanapali, in West Maui contains elevated nutrient concentrations  and lower pH values.  Coral cores were collected in July 2013 from the shallow reef at Kahekili in Kaanapali, West Maui, Hawaii from scleractinian Porites lobata to specifically addresses the relationship between coral reef health and compounding stressors from contaminated submarine groundwater discharge.",
    "lang": null,
    "journal": null,
    "pwid": null,
    "originator": [
        {
            "name": "Prouty, Nancy G.",
            "role": "Author"
        },
        {
            "name": "Yates, Kimberly K.",
            "role": "Author"
        },
        {
            "name": "Smiley, Nathan A.",
            "role": "Author"
        },
        {
            "name": "Gallagher, Christopher",
            "role": "Author"
        },
        {
            "name": "Cohen, Anne",
            "role": "Author"
        },
        {
            "name": "Storlazzi, Curt D.",
            "role": "Author"
        },
        {
            "name": "Swarzenski, Peter W.",
            "role": "Author"
        },
        {
            "name": "White, Darla",
            "role": "Author"
        }
    ],
    "index_term": [
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "153",
            "name": "chemical analysis",
            "scope": "Chemical techniques used to identify the composition of substances."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "177",
            "name": "coelenterates",
            "scope": "Freshwater and marine invertebrates, such as corals, jellyfish, and sea anemones, belonging to the phylum Coelenterata and living as sedentary polyps or free swimming medusae."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "359",
            "name": "eutrophication",
            "scope": "The process by which water becomes enriched with plant nutrients, most commonly phosphorus and nitrogen."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "437",
            "name": "geochemistry",
            "scope": "Study of the distribution of chemical elements and natural compounds on the earth and in the atmosphere and the chemical processes that affect the earth."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "703",
            "name": "marine chemistry",
            "scope": "Branch of chemistry that deals with the properties, composition, structure, and interaction of substances in the seas and oceans."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "708",
            "name": "marine water quality",
            "scope": "Observed intrinsic characteristics of marine waters affecting their ability to support life or facilitate biological processes such as waste decomposition."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "2058",
            "name": "ocean acidification",
            "scope": "Decrease in the pH of ocean waters as a result of the increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 15,
            "code": "007",
            "name": "environment",
            "scope": "Environmental resources, protection and conservation, for example environmental pollution, waste storage and treatment, environmental impact assessment, monitoring environmental risk, nature reserves, landscape, water quality, air quality, environmental modeling"
        },
        {
            "thcode": 15,
            "code": "014",
            "name": "oceans",
            "scope": "Features and characteristics of salt water bodies (excluding inland waters), for example tides, tidal waves, coastal information, reefs, maritime, outer continental shelf submerged lands, shoreline"
        },
        {
            "thcode": 23,
            "code": "28",
            "name": "Ecological Functions and Services",
            "scope": "Ecological Functions and Services includes data describing or measuring an ecological or ecosystem process, property, or benefit to humans that is associated with habitat or biota. While many natural services are related to physical materials and energy production, this category is limited to those services and benefits that derive from ecological interactions of living organisms. Examples of processes or properties include primary productivity, secondary production, nutrient processing, biomass, biodiversity, ecological integrity, and trophic connectivity or export. Examples of services include provisioning of food; carbon storage; nutrient removal; filtration of water; and storm, wave, or flood protection. Functions and services related to biodiversity and production are included here and are further categorized and discussed below. Distributions include records of ecological processes, properties, or services at a location, obtained through direct measurement; measurement of proxies; or modeled estimates. Assessments include ecological valuation indices; calculations of yield; indices of habitat quality or biological integrity; purpose-driven, regionally-specific indicators of ecological value or condition; classifications of areas as critical to certain functions; monetization or other valuations of services; and models of benefits or values. Predictions are the results of models or projections of future distributions, values, or impacts of ecological functions or services; anticipated changes produced by natural and human processes; future projections of cumulative impacts of single or multiple stressors; scenario-testing models of loss or gain of function; and predictions of ecological or economic effects of functional changes under different management strategies. The Ecological Functions and Services category includes two sublevels, which are called out for their broad impact on other functions and services and for their frequent use in assessments."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 61,
            "code": "497",
            "name": "carbonate analysis",
            "scope": "used for laboratory analyses of inorganic carbon compounds as found in natural waters or organisms."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 61,
            "code": "751",
            "name": "chemical oceanography",
            "scope": "the study of the chemistry of oceans, often with a focus on chemical cycling."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 61,
            "code": "42",
            "name": "coastal pollution",
            "scope": "municipal, industrial, and agricultural waste introduced to coastal environments."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 61,
            "code": "695",
            "name": "geochemistry",
            "scope": "the study of the chemical composition and genesis of earth materials."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 61,
            "code": "698",
            "name": "groundwater geochemistry",
            "scope": "the study of the chemical composition and evolution of groundwater."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 61,
            "code": "289",
            "name": "human impacts on habitats",
            "scope": "the effects of human activities on habitats."
        }
    ],
    "place_term": [],
    "image": [],
    "fan": [
        "A0413MU"
    ]
}