{
    "tag": 12416,
    "title": "CoSMoS (Coastal Storm Modeling System) Southern California v3.0 Phase 2 coastal squeeze projections",
    "pubdate": "2017",
    "sername": null,
    "series_name": null,
    "issue": "DOI:10.5066\/F7T151Q4",
    "publish": null,
    "publisher_name": null,
    "onlink": "https:\/\/cmgds.marine.usgs.gov\/catalog\/pcmsc\/DataReleases\/ScienceBase\/DR_F7T151Q4\/CoSMoS_v3_Phase2_coastal_squeeze_metadata.faq.html",
    "format": null,
    "email": null,
    "descript": "Projected coastal squeeze derived from CoSMoS Phase 2 shoreline change and cliff retreat projections.   Projected coastal squeeze extents illustrate the available area between shoreline (mean high water; MHW) positions and man-made structures and barriers (referred to as non-erodible structures) or cliff-top retreat, as applicable, for a range of sea-level rise scenarios. The coastal squeeze polygons include results from the Coastal Storm Modeling System (CoSMoS) shoreline change (CoSMoS-COAST; Vitousek and others, 2017; available at https:\/\/www.sciencebase.gov\/catalog\/item\/57f426b9e4b0bc0bec033fad) and cliff retreat models (Limber and others, 2015; available at https:\/\/www.sciencebase.gov\/catalog\/item\/57f4234de4b0bc0bec033f90) using future wave-climate conditions derived from Global Climate Models (GCMs). Coastal squeeze areas are identified and defined from combined model projections, using model scenarios where erosion was limited by non-erodible structures (for shoreline change models) and armoring (for cliff retreat models; both cliff and shoreline cases referred to as 'hold the line') and where no beach-nourishment was included. Coastal squeeze projections are defined for each sea-level rise scenario. Shoreline change and cliff retreat model details and data sources are outlined in CoSMoS_3.0_Phase_2_Southern_California_Bight:_Summary_of_data_and_methods (available at https:\/\/www.sciencebase.gov\/catalog\/file\/get\/57f1d4f3e4b0bc0bebfee139?name=CoSMoS_SoCalv3_Phase2_summary_of_methods.pdf). Phase 2 data for Southern California include information for the coast from the border of Mexico to Pt. Conception. Please read the Summary of methods and inspect output carefully.  Data are complete for the information presented.",
    "lang": null,
    "journal": null,
    "pwid": null,
    "originator": [
        {
            "name": "Barnard, Patrick",
            "role": "Author"
        },
        {
            "name": "Erikson, Li H.",
            "role": "Author"
        },
        {
            "name": "Foxgrover, Amy C.",
            "role": "Author"
        },
        {
            "name": "O'Neill, Andrea C.",
            "role": "Author"
        },
        {
            "name": "Lovering, Jessica",
            "role": "Author"
        },
        {
            "name": "Limber, Patrick W.",
            "role": "Author"
        },
        {
            "name": "Vitousek, Sean F.",
            "role": "Author"
        }
    ],
    "index_term": [
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "168",
            "name": "climate change",
            "scope": "Long-term alteration in the characteristic weather conditions of a region, such as changes in precipitation and temperature."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "398",
            "name": "floods",
            "scope": "Relatively high water that overflows the natural or artificial banks of a stream or coastal area that submerges land not normally below water level."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "1028",
            "name": "sea-level change",
            "scope": "Variation in the relative vertical position of land and ocean waters. Caused globally by changes in the distribution of ice masses and the shape of the oceans, and locally by the rate of uplift or subsidence of the land surface.  Includes both global (eustatic) and local (relative) sea-level variations."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "1102",
            "name": "storms",
            "scope": "Atmospheric disturbances with winds of unusual force or direction. Accompanied by rain, snow, hail, or sleet, and often by thunder and lightning."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "1690",
            "name": "wind",
            "scope": "Local air movements."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 15,
            "code": "004",
            "name": "climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere",
            "scope": "Processes and phenomena of the atmosphere, for example cloud cover, weather, climate, atmospheric conditions, climate change, precipitation"
        },
        {
            "thcode": 15,
            "code": "014",
            "name": "oceans",
            "scope": "Features and characteristics of salt water bodies (excluding inland waters), for example tides, tidal waves, coastal information, reefs, maritime, outer continental shelf submerged lands, shoreline"
        },
        {
            "thcode": 23,
            "code": "21",
            "name": "Physical Habitats and Geomorphology",
            "scope": "Includes measures of the geologic and structural characteristics of the coast or sea floor, such as the features defined in the Geoform Component of CMECS. Distributions are detailed topographic and bathymetric maps, geolocated photographs, or sea-floor descriptions; Distributions includes maps that interpret observations to categorize areas on the basis of geoform types such as those in CMECS. Assessment types include evaluations of ecological or human use value and can include models that project environmental or economic effects of erosion, climate change, dredging, and other stressors. Predictions are the results of models or projections of future distributions, values, or ecological impacts of physical habitats, including predicted changes due to natural and human forces; they are also from scenario-based models of resource losses, gains, or impacts on ecological or economic values under different management strategies (for example, mining, removal, relocation, or the building of structures)."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 61,
            "code": "336",
            "name": "coastal erosion",
            "scope": "the erosion of the area adjacent to an ocean, sea, or lake, often resulting in shoreline changes."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 61,
            "code": "343",
            "name": "floods",
            "scope": "the loss of life, property, or natural resources due to a body of water exceeding its \"usual\" bounds."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 61,
            "code": "275",
            "name": "sea level change",
            "scope": "changes in sea level controlled by fluctuations in the volume of the polar ice caps; associated issues include the effects on coastlines and shallow benthic habitats."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 61,
            "code": "28",
            "name": "waves",
            "scope": "used for waves acting as agents of erosion and sediment transport in coastal and nearshore environments."
        }
    ],
    "place_term": [],
    "image": [],
    "fan": []
}