{
    "tag": 17812,
    "title": "Seismic Reflection, Boomer shot points collected in the vicinity of Buffalo Reef, Michigan, within Lake Superior, during USGS field activity 2018-043-FA, (CSV text and Esri point shapefile, GCS WGS 84)",
    "pubdate": "20200318",
    "sername": null,
    "series_name": null,
    "issue": "DOI:10.5066\/P9K4HX8V",
    "publish": null,
    "publisher_name": null,
    "onlink": "https:\/\/cmgds.marine.usgs.gov\/catalog\/whcmsc\/SB_data_release\/DR_P9K4HX8V\/2018-043-FA_Boomer_500sht_meta.faq.html",
    "format": null,
    "email": null,
    "descript": "In September 2018, the U.S. Geological Survey, in collaboration with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, conducted high-resolution geophysical mapping and sediment sampling to determine the distribution of historical mine tailings on the floor of Lake Superior. Large amounts of waste material from copper mining, locally known as \u201cstamp sands,\u201d were dumped into the lake in the early 20th century, with wide-reaching consequences that have continued into the present. Mapping was focused offshore of the town of Gay on the Keweenaw Peninsula of Michigan, where ongoing erosion and re-deposition of the stamp sands has buried miles of native, white-sand beaches.  Stamp sands are also encroaching onto Buffalo Reef, a large area of cobble\/boulder substrate that supports productive fisheries in the lake.  The objectives of this cooperative mapping project are to develop a framework for scientific research and provide baseline information required for management of resources within the coastal zone of northern Michigan.  High-resolution bathymetry and backscatter data reveal the irregular topography of the shallow, cobble-covered Buffalo Reef and the relatively smooth surface of finer-grained sediment that covers adjacent, deeper parts of the lake floor. Previous research used numerous sediment samples to determine the general distribution of mine tailings on the lake floor in this area, but little information exists on the extent and thickness of the surficial deposits. The main priority of this project is to image the near-surface stratigraphy, specifically the thickness of surficial sand and mud that threaten to cover the reef, with seismic-reflection profiling systems.  In addition to continuous coverage of bathymetric and backscatter data, this report includes a dense grid of closely spaced seismic profiles, which will guide efforts to mitigate the environmental impacts of the shifting stamp sands.",
    "lang": null,
    "journal": null,
    "pwid": null,
    "originator": [
        {
            "name": "U.S. Geological Survey",
            "role": "Author"
        },
        {
            "name": "Andrews, Brian D.",
            "role": "Author"
        },
        {
            "name": "Barnhardt, Walter A.",
            "role": "Author"
        },
        {
            "name": "Foster, David S.",
            "role": "Author"
        },
        {
            "name": "Irwin, Barry J.",
            "role": "Author"
        },
        {
            "name": "Nichols, Alexander R.",
            "role": "Author"
        }
    ],
    "index_term": [
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "464",
            "name": "geology",
            "scope": "Study of the planet earth, its composition, structure, physical and chemical processes, and history since its origin."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "470",
            "name": "geophysics",
            "scope": "Branch of geology studying the physical characteristics and phenomena of the earth and its atmosphere."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "474",
            "name": "geospatial datasets",
            "scope": "Collections of related digital information that are geographically referenced."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "2078",
            "name": "navigational data",
            "scope": "Geospatial data indicating the locations of instruments, vessels, aircraft, or other vehicles used to collect scientific observations.  These data include horizontal coordinates in sequence, and may include time or vertical position."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "1045",
            "name": "seismic reflection methods",
            "scope": "Geophysical technique to study the subsurface of the earth using sound waves induced by explosives, vibrating devices, or percussive equipment.  The reflections of the sound waves from the boundaries of different rocks are measured."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 15,
            "code": "008",
            "name": "geoscientificInformation",
            "scope": "Information pertaining to earth sciences, for example geophysical features and processes, geology, minerals, sciences dealing with the composition, structure and origin of the earth's rocks, risks of earthquakes, volcanic activity, landslides, gravity information, soils, permafrost, hydrogeology, groundwater, erosion"
        },
        {
            "thcode": 15,
            "code": "012",
            "name": "inlandWaters",
            "scope": "Inland water features, drainage systems and characteristics, for example rivers and glaciers, salt lakes, water utilization plans, dams, currents, floods and flood hazards, water quality, hydrographic charts, watersheds, wetlands, hydrography"
        },
        {
            "thcode": 15,
            "code": "013",
            "name": "location",
            "scope": "Positional information and services, for example addresses, geodetic networks, geodetic control points, postal zones and services, place names, geographic names"
        }
    ],
    "place_term": [],
    "image": [
        {
            "name": "https:\/\/www.sciencebase.gov\/catalog\/file\/get\/5e5d6911e4b01d50924f2d3a?name=2018-043-FA_Boomer_500sht_browse.jpg",
            "description": "Thumbnail image of boomer seismic-reflection 500-interval shot points from Lake superior, MI."
        }
    ],
    "fan": [
        "2018-043-FA"
    ]
}