{
    "tag": 6984,
    "title": "Benthic habitats of the coral reef ecosystem on the south shore of Moloka'i",
    "pubdate": "2005",
    "sername": null,
    "series_name": null,
    "issue": "2005-1070",
    "publish": null,
    "publisher_name": null,
    "onlink": "https:\/\/cmgds.marine.usgs.gov\/catalog\/pcmsc\/SeriesReports\/OFR\/OFR_2005-1070\/mkk_benthic_habitats.shp.faq.html",
    "format": null,
    "email": null,
    "descript": "A benthic habitat polygon coverage has been created of the coral reef ecosystem on the south shore of Moloka'i. Polygons were hand-digitized from visual interpretation of aerial photography and SHOALS bathymetry data. We also utilized in situ knowledge from towed instruments, underwater photography and videography, and diver and snorkeler observations. The polygons have attributes for Main Structure\/Substrate, Dominant Structure\/Substrate, Major Biological Cover, Percent of Major Biological Cover, Reef Zone, and  Unique ID, and measurements of acreage, area (m2) and perimeter (m) of each polygon.",
    "lang": null,
    "journal": null,
    "pwid": null,
    "originator": [
        {
            "name": "Cochran, Susan A.",
            "role": "Author"
        }
    ],
    "index_term": [
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "85",
            "name": "benthic ecosystems",
            "scope": "Biologic communities and habitats at the bottom of lakes, streams, or oceans."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "474",
            "name": "geospatial datasets",
            "scope": "Collections of related digital information that are geographically referenced."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "525",
            "name": "habitats",
            "scope": "Parts of the physical environment where plants and animals live. Use in combination with terms from organisms and organism groupings (non-taxonomic) to indicate the topic of a species or group of species habitat."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "704",
            "name": "marine ecosystems",
            "scope": "Biological communities composed of plants and animals living primarily in or on seawater."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "1025",
            "name": "sea-floor characteristics",
            "scope": "Geomorphic features and geographic, compositional, and textural variation in the materials composing the ocean floor. Includes both large-scale structures (such as seamounts and rises) and fine-scale variations in rocks and deposits on the sea floor."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 15,
            "code": "002",
            "name": "biota",
            "scope": "Flora or fauna in natural environment, for example wildlife, vegetation, biological sciences, ecology, wilderness, sea life, wetlands, habitat, biological resources"
        },
        {
            "thcode": 15,
            "code": "008",
            "name": "geoscientificInformation",
            "scope": "Information pertaining to earth sciences, for example geophysical features and processes, geology, minerals, sciences dealing with the composition, structure and origin of the earth's rocks, risks of earthquakes, volcanic activity, landslides, gravity information, soils, permafrost, hydrogeology, groundwater, erosion"
        },
        {
            "thcode": 15,
            "code": "010",
            "name": "imageryBaseMapsEarthCover",
            "scope": "Base maps, for example land\/earth cover, topographic maps, imagery, unclassified images, annotations, digital ortho imagery"
        },
        {
            "thcode": 15,
            "code": "014",
            "name": "oceans",
            "scope": "Features and characteristics of salt water bodies (excluding inland waters), for example tides, tidal waves, coastal information, reefs, maritime, outer continental shelf submerged lands, shoreline"
        },
        {
            "thcode": 23,
            "code": "4",
            "name": "Assessments",
            "scope": "Derived data that provide information about the values, impacts, drivers, connections, or functions of a feature in its present distribution."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 23,
            "code": "27",
            "name": "Habitat",
            "scope": "Habitat includes data that describe repeatable combinations of biota and associated chemical, physical, or geological features in a distinct place, which, as in the CMECS Biotic Component, generally are named for the dominant taxa living there. Habitat also includes biotopes in accordance with CMECS. Examples include seagrass beds, deep-water corals, benthos, nekton, plankton, mussel beds. Distributions for Habitat data subject types include records of biotic associations, habitats, or biotopes obtained through direct observation, imagery, collection, or other methods; Distributions also include biotope maps, predicted maps of present-day habitats (for example, the Northwest Atlantic Marine Ecoregional Assessment, Mapping European Seabed Habitats), and other compilations or interpretations from observed data. Assessments include ecological valuation indices, presence, quantity (hectares), or percentage of identified high-value habitats; other purpose-driven, regionally-specific indicators of ecological value; classifications of areas as critical habitat; ecological services models; evaluations of habitat condition; and place-based indices of susceptibility and vulnerability to disturbance. Predictions are the results of models or projections of future distributions, values, or impacts; anticipated changes produced by natural and human processes; future projections of cumulative impacts of single or multiple stressors; and scenario-testing habitat loss\/gain models and predictions of related ecological or economic effects under different management strategies."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 61,
            "code": "231",
            "name": "benthos",
            "scope": "used for communities of organisms characteristic of sea-floor habitats."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 61,
            "code": "427",
            "name": "mapping",
            "scope": "in addition to traditional cartographic methods, this term is used for all field activities that document spatial relationships of scientific interest."
        }
    ],
    "place_term": [],
    "image": [
        {
            "name": "https:\/\/pubs.usgs.gov\/of\/2005\/1070\/images\/mkk_bhab.gif",
            "description": "gif image of habitat polygons"
        }
    ],
    "fan": [
        "2000-022-FA",
        "2001-014-FA",
        "2002-027-FA",
        "A101MK",
        "A103HW"
    ]
}