{
    "tag": 14931,
    "title": "Elevation point clouds of the coast of Alaska from Icy Cape to Cape Prince of Wales, 2016",
    "pubdate": "20221115",
    "sername": null,
    "series_name": null,
    "issue": "DOI:10.5066\/P9PGJNE9",
    "publish": null,
    "publisher_name": null,
    "onlink": "https:\/\/cmgds.marine.usgs.gov\/catalog\/pcmsc\/DataReleases\/ScienceBase\/DR_P9PGJNE9\/PointCloud_metadata.faq.html",
    "format": null,
    "email": null,
    "descript": "This part of the data release presents georeferenced elevation point clouds spanning the ocean shoreline of Alaska from Icy Cape to Cape Prince of Wales. Aerial images were collected, and data were processed, by Fairbanks Fodar (https:\/\/www.fairbanksfodar.com) in Fairbanks, Alaska, for the U.S. Geological Survey. The aerial images, from which the point clouds were derived, were collected in 2016 between August 29 and September 4 and extend from the shoreline to 400-4000 meters inland. The aerial images were collected with precise Global Positioning System (GPS) navigation data from a manned aircraft and were then processed using structure-from-motion (SFM) methods as described in Nolan and others, 2015. The included files contain georeferenced point cloud data in .laz format. The point clouds were converted to .laz format by the USGS. Users are encouraged to use the Tile Index shapefile, which is also available in this data release, to identify elevation point cloud files that are appropriate to a specific area of interest.",
    "lang": null,
    "journal": null,
    "pwid": null,
    "originator": [
        {
            "name": "Nolan, Matt",
            "role": "Author"
        },
        {
            "name": "Gibbs, Ann E.",
            "role": "Author"
        },
        {
            "name": "Snyder, Alexander G.",
            "role": "Author"
        }
    ],
    "index_term": [
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "15",
            "name": "aerial photography",
            "scope": "The process of taking pictures with a camera from an aircraft. Use for both the process of photography from the air and the images produced by the process."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "1799",
            "name": "coastal processes",
            "scope": "Processes unique to coastal areas including longshore transport, beach erosion, storm surge, shoreline change, delta formation, barrier island migration, beach stabilization by vegetation"
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "1799",
            "name": "coastal processes",
            "scope": "Processes unique to coastal areas including longshore transport, beach erosion, storm surge, shoreline change, delta formation, barrier island migration, beach stabilization by vegetation"
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "291",
            "name": "earth sciences",
            "scope": "Broad term for all science related to the study of the earth."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "447",
            "name": "geography",
            "scope": "Study of the earth's landforms, topography, and climate, the distribution of flora and fauna, and the distribution, culture, and activities of human populations."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "468",
            "name": "geomorphology",
            "scope": "Branch of geology dealing with surface land features and the processes that create and change them."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "474",
            "name": "geospatial datasets",
            "scope": "Collections of related digital information that are geographically referenced."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "575",
            "name": "image collections",
            "scope": "Visible representations of objects or earth properties produced by cameras, spectral instruments, or as graphical representations of measurements."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "981",
            "name": "remote sensing",
            "scope": "Acquiring information about a natural feature or phenomenon, such as the Earth's surface, without actually being in contact with it. USGS remote sensing is usually carried out with airborne or spaceborne sensors or cameras."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "2265",
            "name": "structure from motion",
            "scope": "Mathematical analysis, using photogrammetric principles, of multiple images that depict the same subject from different angles to derive geometrical information and relationships in three-dimensional space that are not inherent in any single image. Often used for deriving land elevation or large scale orthoimagery from a collection of aerial photographs."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 15,
            "code": "010",
            "name": "imageryBaseMapsEarthCover",
            "scope": "Base maps, for example land\/earth cover, topographic maps, imagery, unclassified images, annotations, digital ortho imagery"
        },
        {
            "thcode": 15,
            "code": "014",
            "name": "oceans",
            "scope": "Features and characteristics of salt water bodies (excluding inland waters), for example tides, tidal waves, coastal information, reefs, maritime, outer continental shelf submerged lands, shoreline"
        },
        {
            "thcode": 23,
            "code": "22",
            "name": "Bathymetry and Elevation",
            "scope": "Includes measures of the height of a location above or below a reference surface. Bathymetry is the elevation of the Earth's surface beneath a body of water, especially the ocean, typically determined by measurements of depth from the water surface at mean lower low water. Distributions are topographic maps and bathymetric charts based on collected data and also include smoothed or gridded maps of bathymetry and elevation from observational data or other associated factors. Assessment data types include models of ecological value, economic value, or current rates of alterations due to erosion, accretion, climate change, and other stressors (for example, wetland habitat loss). Predictions are the results of models or projections of future distributions, values, or ecological impacts of bathymetry, including predicted changes due to natural and human forces such as erosion, deposition, sea-level rise, and dredging activities; predictions also include the results of scenario-based models of bathymetry changes under different management strategies."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 23,
            "code": "21",
            "name": "Physical Habitats and Geomorphology",
            "scope": "Includes measures of the geologic and structural characteristics of the coast or sea floor, such as the features defined in the Geoform Component of CMECS. Distributions are detailed topographic and bathymetric maps, geolocated photographs, or sea-floor descriptions; Distributions includes maps that interpret observations to categorize areas on the basis of geoform types such as those in CMECS. Assessment types include evaluations of ecological or human use value and can include models that project environmental or economic effects of erosion, climate change, dredging, and other stressors. Predictions are the results of models or projections of future distributions, values, or ecological impacts of physical habitats, including predicted changes due to natural and human forces; they are also from scenario-based models of resource losses, gains, or impacts on ecological or economic values under different management strategies (for example, mining, removal, relocation, or the building of structures)."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 61,
            "code": "112",
            "name": "beach",
            "scope": "a gently sloping shore, generally underlain by sand or gravel and subject to the action of waves and tides."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 61,
            "code": "113",
            "name": "beach ridge",
            "scope": "the ridge defining the landward limit of a current of former beach, often capped by dunes."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 61,
            "code": "118",
            "name": "cliff",
            "scope": "a very steep, vertical, or overhanging slope."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 61,
            "code": "119",
            "name": "coast",
            "scope": "the distinctive terrain between the shore and inland areas; varies in width."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 61,
            "code": "177",
            "name": "shore",
            "scope": "the boundary between an ocean, sea, or lake and the adjacent dry land."
        }
    ],
    "place_term": [],
    "image": [
        {
            "name": "https:\/\/www.sciencebase.gov\/catalog\/file\/get\/6283d73fd34e3bef0c9a4553?name=PointCloud_Example.jpg&allowOpen=true",
            "description": "Image depicts an example of the elevation point cloud data included in this data release, colored by elevation and superimposed on a hillshade generated by the digital elevation model data included in this data release."
        }
    ],
    "fan": []
}