{
    "tag": 15022,
    "title": "Northern California 3.2 projections of coastal cliff retreat due to 21st century sea-level",
    "pubdate": "20221205",
    "sername": null,
    "series_name": null,
    "issue": "DOI:10.5066\/P9048D1S",
    "publish": null,
    "publisher_name": null,
    "onlink": "https:\/\/cmgds.marine.usgs.gov\/catalog\/pcmsc\/DataReleases\/ScienceBase\/DR_P9048D1S\/Coastal_Cliff_Retreat_Projections_NorCal_CoSMoS_3-2_metadata.faq.html",
    "format": null,
    "email": null,
    "descript": "This dataset contains projections of coastal cliff retreat and associated uncertainty across Northern California for future scenarios of sea-level rise (SLR) to include 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, 200, 250, 300, and 500 centimeters (cm) of SLR by the year 2100 and cover coastline from the Golden Gate Bridge to the California-Oregon state border. Present-day cliff-edge positions used as the baseline for projections are also included. Projections were made using numerical models and field observations such as historical cliff retreat rate, nearshore slope, coastal cliff height, and mean annual wave power, as part of Coastal Storm Modeling System (CoSMoS). See cited references and methods for more detail.",
    "lang": null,
    "journal": null,
    "pwid": null,
    "originator": [
        {
            "name": "Limber, Patrick W.",
            "role": "Author"
        },
        {
            "name": "Barnard, Patrick",
            "role": "Author"
        },
        {
            "name": "O'Neill, Andrea C.",
            "role": "Author"
        },
        {
            "name": "Foxgrover, Amy C.",
            "role": "Author"
        },
        {
            "name": "Erikson, Li H.",
            "role": "Author"
        },
        {
            "name": "Thomas, Jennifer A.",
            "role": "Author"
        },
        {
            "name": "Vitousek, Sean F.",
            "role": "Author"
        }
    ],
    "index_term": [
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "168",
            "name": "climate change",
            "scope": "Long-term alteration in the characteristic weather conditions of a region, such as changes in precipitation and temperature."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "291",
            "name": "earth sciences",
            "scope": "Broad term for all science related to the study of the earth."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "485",
            "name": "effects of climate change",
            "scope": "Characteristics and behaviors of organisms and earth systems that are modified as a result of changes in global, regional, or local climate."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "713",
            "name": "mathematical modeling",
            "scope": "Operational representation of a system in which the characteristics and behaviors of the component processes, phenomena, or objects, understood using mathematical relationships, are represented by numerical values (measured or hypothetical), so that calculations carried out using them return numerical estimates of system parameters that were not measured directly."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "1102",
            "name": "storms",
            "scope": "Atmospheric disturbances with winds of unusual force or direction. Accompanied by rain, snow, hail, or sleet, and often by thunder and lightning."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 15,
            "code": "004",
            "name": "climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere",
            "scope": "Processes and phenomena of the atmosphere, for example cloud cover, weather, climate, atmospheric conditions, climate change, precipitation"
        },
        {
            "thcode": 15,
            "code": "014",
            "name": "oceans",
            "scope": "Features and characteristics of salt water bodies (excluding inland waters), for example tides, tidal waves, coastal information, reefs, maritime, outer continental shelf submerged lands, shoreline"
        },
        {
            "thcode": 23,
            "code": "21",
            "name": "Physical Habitats and Geomorphology",
            "scope": "Includes measures of the geologic and structural characteristics of the coast or sea floor, such as the features defined in the Geoform Component of CMECS. Distributions are detailed topographic and bathymetric maps, geolocated photographs, or sea-floor descriptions; Distributions includes maps that interpret observations to categorize areas on the basis of geoform types such as those in CMECS. Assessment types include evaluations of ecological or human use value and can include models that project environmental or economic effects of erosion, climate change, dredging, and other stressors. Predictions are the results of models or projections of future distributions, values, or ecological impacts of physical habitats, including predicted changes due to natural and human forces; they are also from scenario-based models of resource losses, gains, or impacts on ecological or economic values under different management strategies (for example, mining, removal, relocation, or the building of structures)."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 61,
            "code": "336",
            "name": "coastal erosion",
            "scope": "the erosion of the area adjacent to an ocean, sea, or lake, often resulting in shoreline changes."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 61,
            "code": "275",
            "name": "sea level change",
            "scope": "changes in sea level controlled by fluctuations in the volume of the polar ice caps; associated issues include the effects on coastlines and shallow benthic habitats."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 61,
            "code": "28",
            "name": "waves",
            "scope": "used for waves acting as agents of erosion and sediment transport in coastal and nearshore environments."
        }
    ],
    "place_term": [],
    "image": [],
    "fan": []
}