{
    "tag": 8436,
    "title": "Hydrodynamic and Sediment Transport Model Application for OSAT3 Guidance:  Surf-zone integrated alongshore potential flux for oil-sand balls of varying sizes weighted by probability of wave scenario occurrence",
    "pubdate": "2012",
    "sername": null,
    "series_name": null,
    "issue": "2012-1234",
    "publish": null,
    "publisher_name": null,
    "onlink": "https:\/\/cmgds.marine.usgs.gov\/catalog\/spcmsc\/ofr20121234_Weighted_potential_flux.faq.html",
    "format": null,
    "email": null,
    "descript": "The U.S. Geological Survey has developed a method for estimating the mobility and potential alongshore transport of heavier-than-water sand and oil agglomerates (tarballs or surface residual balls, SRBs).  During the Deepwater Horizon spill, some oil that reached the surf zone of the northern Gulf of Mexico mixed with suspended sediment and sank to form sub-tidal mats. If not removed, these mats can break apart to form SRBs and subsequently re-oil the beach.  A method was developed for estimating SRB mobilization and alongshore movement.  A representative suite of wave conditions was identified from buoy data for April, 2010, until August, 2012, and used to drive a numerical model of the spatially-variant alongshore currents.  Potential mobilization of SRBs was estimated by comparing combined wave- and current-induced shear stress from the model to critical stress values for several sized SRBs. Potential alongshore flux of SRBs was also estimated to identify regions more or less likely to have SRBs deposited under each scenario.  This methodology was developed to explain SRB movement and redistribution in the alongshore, interpret observed re-oiling events, and thus inform re-oiling mitigation efforts.",
    "lang": null,
    "journal": null,
    "pwid": null,
    "originator": [
        {
            "name": "Dalyander, P. Soupy",
            "role": "Author"
        },
        {
            "name": "Long, Joseph W.",
            "role": "Author"
        },
        {
            "name": "Plant, Nathaniel G.",
            "role": "Author"
        },
        {
            "name": "Thompson, David M.",
            "role": "Author"
        }
    ],
    "index_term": [
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "1799",
            "name": "coastal processes",
            "scope": "Processes unique to coastal areas including longshore transport, beach erosion, storm surge, shoreline change, delta formation, barrier island migration, beach stabilization by vegetation"
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "196",
            "name": "contaminant transport",
            "scope": "Processes involved in the movement of impurities through air, water, and soil."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "1723",
            "name": "industrial pollution",
            "scope": "Introduction of harmful substances into the environment by manufacturing, power generation, mining, or material processing."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "713",
            "name": "mathematical modeling",
            "scope": "Operational representation of a system in which the characteristics and behaviors of the component processes, phenomena, or objects, understood using mathematical relationships, are represented by numerical values (measured or hypothetical), so that calculations carried out using them return numerical estimates of system parameters that were not measured directly."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "816",
            "name": "ocean processes",
            "scope": "Recurrent natural changes that are physical, biological, or chemical, actively affecting the seas and oceans."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "1804",
            "name": "petroleum",
            "scope": "Naturally occurring hydrocarbons, typically fluid or gas, often of economic use.  Includes oil, natural gas, and asphaltic compounds found in tar sands and oil shales."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 15,
            "code": "007",
            "name": "environment",
            "scope": "Environmental resources, protection and conservation, for example environmental pollution, waste storage and treatment, environmental impact assessment, monitoring environmental risk, nature reserves, landscape, water quality, air quality, environmental modeling"
        },
        {
            "thcode": 15,
            "code": "008",
            "name": "geoscientificInformation",
            "scope": "Information pertaining to earth sciences, for example geophysical features and processes, geology, minerals, sciences dealing with the composition, structure and origin of the earth's rocks, risks of earthquakes, volcanic activity, landslides, gravity information, soils, permafrost, hydrogeology, groundwater, erosion"
        },
        {
            "thcode": 15,
            "code": "014",
            "name": "oceans",
            "scope": "Features and characteristics of salt water bodies (excluding inland waters), for example tides, tidal waves, coastal information, reefs, maritime, outer continental shelf submerged lands, shoreline"
        },
        {
            "thcode": 23,
            "code": "20",
            "name": "Physical\/Chemical Features",
            "scope": "Geological, chemical, or hydrodynamic features that are ecologically important or influence patterns of human uses of the ocean. Examples include seamounts, persistent upwelling zones, areas of low dissolved oxygen, and areas of reduced pH. Distributions are recorded observations of parameters and features, often as a function of time as well as place, also including maps and three-dimensional predictions of distributions based on combinations of observations and theory. Distributions of physical and chemical features (for example, physical habitat, substrate, or bathymetry) are often used as data to support habitat-biota models. Assessments provide information about the value, impact, drivers, connections, or functions of a feature in its present distributions, or they evaluate the effects of physical\/chemical features on ecology or suitability for use. Assessments can include climate change models that project environmental effects of climate change and acidification. Larger assessments that combine physical\/chemical features with other Resources and Uses categories can appropriately be included here and also in the other related Resources or Uses categories. Predictions are the results of models or projections of future distributions, values, or impacts, which include anticipated changes produced by natural and human processes, and they are also the results of scenario-testing models for comparing outcomes of different management actions."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 23,
            "code": "5",
            "name": "Predictions",
            "scope": "Data expressing projections or models of future distributions, values, or impacts, including forecasts of anticipated changes brought about by natural and human processes, as well as scenario-testing models that compare outcomes of different management actions."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 61,
            "code": "14",
            "name": "coastal processes",
            "scope": "oceanographic and geologic processes that cause changes to the shoreline and coastal zone."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 61,
            "code": "527",
            "name": "numerical modeling",
            "scope": "modeling that uses numerical inputs for variables to simulate the behavior of a real-world system; use this term for finite element modeling and computer simulation."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 61,
            "code": "354",
            "name": "petroleum spills",
            "scope": "unintended release of petroleum during extraction, processing, or transport."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 61,
            "code": "297",
            "name": "pollution",
            "scope": "used for the effects of toxins and other pollutants on ecosystems."
        }
    ],
    "place_term": [],
    "image": [],
    "fan": []
}