{
    "tag": 8302,
    "title": "EAARL Coastal Topography--Northern Outer Banks, North Carolina, Post-Nor'Ida, 2009",
    "pubdate": "2011",
    "sername": null,
    "series_name": null,
    "issue": "616",
    "publish": null,
    "publisher_name": null,
    "onlink": "https:\/\/cmgds.marine.usgs.gov\/catalog\/spcmsc\/ds-616metadata.faq.html",
    "format": null,
    "email": null,
    "descript": "A digital elevation model (DEM) of a portion of the northern North Carolina coastline beachface, post-Nor'Ida (November 2009 nor'easter), was produced from remotely sensed, geographically referenced elevation measurements by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). Elevation measurements were collected over the area using the Experimental Advanced Airborne Research Lidar (EAARL), a pulsed laser ranging system mounted onboard an aircraft to measure ground elevation, vegetation canopy, and coastal topography. The EAARL sensor suite includes the raster-scanning, water-penetrating full-waveform adaptive lidar, a down-looking red-green-blue (RGB) digital camera, a high-resolution multispectral color-infrared (CIR) camera, two precision dual frequency kinematic carrier-phase GPS receivers, and an integrated miniature digital inertial measurement unit, which provide for sub-meter georeferencing of each laser sample. The system uses high-frequency laser beams directed at the Earth's surface through an opening in the bottom of the aircraft's fuselage. The laser system records the time difference between emission of the laser beam and the reception of the reflected laser signal in the aircraft. The plane travels over the target area at approximately 50 meters per second at an elevation of approximately 300 meters, resulting in a laser swath of approximately 240 meters with an average point spacing of 2-3 meters. The EAARL, developed originally by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) at Wallops Flight Facility in Virginia, measures ground elevation with a vertical resolution of +\/-15 centimeters. A sampling rate of 3 kilohertz or higher results in an extremely dense spatial elevation dataset. Over 100 kilometers of coastline can be surveyed easily within a 3- to 4-hour mission. When resultant elevation maps for an area are analyzed, they provide a useful tool to make management decisions regarding land development.  For more information on Lidar science and the Experimental Advanced Airborne Research Lidar (EAARL) system and surveys, see http:\/\/ngom.usgs.gov\/dsp\/overview\/index.php and http:\/\/ngom.usgs.gov\/dsp\/tech\/eaarl\/index.php .",
    "lang": null,
    "journal": null,
    "pwid": null,
    "originator": [
        {
            "name": "U.S. Geological Survey",
            "role": "Author"
        }
    ],
    "index_term": [
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "2041",
            "name": "digital elevation models",
            "scope": "Gridded elevation, geographically referenced to the surface of the earth, as digital data"
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "648",
            "name": "lidar",
            "scope": "Light detection and ranging, an airborne, spaceborne or ground-based laser-ranging technique commonly used for acquiring high-resolution topographic data."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "1176",
            "name": "topography",
            "scope": "Configuration of the land surface and sea floor."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 15,
            "code": "006",
            "name": "elevation",
            "scope": "Height above or below sea level, for example altitude, bathymetry, digital elevation models, slope, derived products, DEMs, TINs"
        },
        {
            "thcode": 23,
            "code": "22",
            "name": "Bathymetry and Elevation",
            "scope": "Includes measures of the height of a location above or below a reference surface. Bathymetry is the elevation of the Earth's surface beneath a body of water, especially the ocean, typically determined by measurements of depth from the water surface at mean lower low water. Distributions are topographic maps and bathymetric charts based on collected data and also include smoothed or gridded maps of bathymetry and elevation from observational data or other associated factors. Assessment data types include models of ecological value, economic value, or current rates of alterations due to erosion, accretion, climate change, and other stressors (for example, wetland habitat loss). Predictions are the results of models or projections of future distributions, values, or ecological impacts of bathymetry, including predicted changes due to natural and human forces such as erosion, deposition, sea-level rise, and dredging activities; predictions also include the results of scenario-based models of bathymetry changes under different management strategies."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 23,
            "code": "3",
            "name": "Distributions",
            "scope": "Locations or patterns of a feature of interest across space and (or) time. These data can include point data, lines, polygons, and temporal data at any scale relevant to CMSP and can be produced by observation, interpolation, or modeling. Distributions can also include maps or statistics of climatology, the environmental values that are expected to be observed at the present time."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 61,
            "code": "447",
            "name": "altimetry",
            "scope": "used for all instruments and techniques that determine altitude, either directly or remotely, including (but not limited to) pressure altimeters, radar altimeters, GPS, and LIDAR."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 61,
            "code": "429",
            "name": "topographic mapping",
            "scope": "used for traditional cartographic methods that document the distribution and elevation of geographic and hydrographic features (and usually cultural features and administrative boundaries)."
        }
    ],
    "place_term": [],
    "image": [
        {
            "name": "https:\/\/pubs.usgs.gov\/ds\/616\/html\/images\/NINC_be_mosaic.jpg",
            "description": "EAARL Coastal Topography\u2013Northern Outer Banks, North Carolina, Post-Nor'Ida, 2009 Bare-Earth Mosaic: 2.5-meter resolution"
        }
    ],
    "fan": [
        "09LTS02"
    ]
}