{
    "tag": 19297,
    "title": "Analysis for estimated percent sand in cores taken from San Francisco Bay, California, 1990-2016",
    "pubdate": "20250723",
    "sername": null,
    "series_name": null,
    "issue": "DOI: 10.5066\/P9Y7W1ZM",
    "publish": null,
    "publisher_name": null,
    "onlink": "https:\/\/cmgds.marine.usgs.gov\/catalog\/pcmsc\/DataReleases\/CMGDS_DR_tool\/DR_P9Y7W1ZM\/SanFranciscoCoreSedimentAnalysis_metadata.faq.html",
    "format": null,
    "email": null,
    "descript": "Sediment analysis of cores collected in San Francisco Bay, San Pablo Bay, and the Carquinez Strait and Suisun Bay, California from 1990 to 2016 for percent sand. Handwritten core logs, x-radiographs, and the cores themselves, were examined for the presence of sand.",
    "lang": null,
    "journal": null,
    "pwid": null,
    "originator": [
        {
            "name": "Fregoso, Theresa A.",
            "role": "Author"
        },
        {
            "name": "Kharrazi, Bethany",
            "role": "Author"
        },
        {
            "name": "Jaffe, Bruce E.",
            "role": "Author"
        },
        {
            "name": "Foxgrover, Amy C.",
            "role": "Author"
        }
    ],
    "index_term": [
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "80",
            "name": "bathymetry",
            "scope": "The elevation of the earth's surface beneath a body of water, especially the ocean, typically determined by measurements of depth from the water surface."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "2060",
            "name": "box coring",
            "scope": "Use of a rectangular box pushed into soft sediment with a spade to facilitate lifting the sampled material, to isolate and extract relatively undisturbed underwater sediment."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "1671",
            "name": "dredging",
            "scope": "Removal of sediments from water bodies to aid navigation or to transfer material to another location."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "281",
            "name": "drilling and coring",
            "scope": "Cutting into the subsurface, for example into underground strata, ice, or a tree trunk, to remove material for examination. Intended for broad use wherever coring is done. The combination of this term with other terms will convey the context of the activity."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "1800",
            "name": "estuarine processes",
            "scope": "Processes affecting estuaries including tides, waves, mixing of fluvial and marine waters"
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "2061",
            "name": "gravity coring",
            "scope": "Use of a simple tube pushed into underwater sediments by an overhanging weight, to extract relatively undisturbed material for study."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "749",
            "name": "mining and quarrying",
            "scope": "Extracting mineral deposits from a pit, tunnel, or excavation."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "816",
            "name": "ocean processes",
            "scope": "Recurrent natural changes that are physical, biological, or chemical, actively affecting the seas and oceans."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "818",
            "name": "ocean sciences",
            "scope": "Sciences involved in the study of geological, biological, chemical, and physical characteristics and processes of the oceans."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "1036",
            "name": "sedimentation",
            "scope": "Process of deposition of sediments (loose, uncemented pieces of rock, mineral fragments, or biological materials).  The sediments settle out of water or air into layers on a surface."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "1034",
            "name": "sediment transport",
            "scope": "Transport of solid particles of unconsolidated rock and mineral fragments, chemical precipitates, or biological materials."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "2089",
            "name": "stratigraphic thickness",
            "scope": "Thickness of earth material layers or groups of such layers, often portrayed as isopachs (contours) or gridded data."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "1129",
            "name": "suspended material (water)",
            "scope": "Sediment or organic material carried in suspension in the water column, in contrast to material that moves on or near the bottom. May be measured directly by sampling, or indirectly by acoustic or optical backscatter or transmission."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 15,
            "code": "007",
            "name": "environment",
            "scope": "Environmental resources, protection and conservation, for example environmental pollution, waste storage and treatment, environmental impact assessment, monitoring environmental risk, nature reserves, landscape, water quality, air quality, environmental modeling"
        },
        {
            "thcode": 15,
            "code": "012",
            "name": "inlandWaters",
            "scope": "Inland water features, drainage systems and characteristics, for example rivers and glaciers, salt lakes, water utilization plans, dams, currents, floods and flood hazards, water quality, hydrographic charts, watersheds, wetlands, hydrography"
        },
        {
            "thcode": 23,
            "code": "22",
            "name": "Bathymetry and Elevation",
            "scope": "Includes measures of the height of a location above or below a reference surface. Bathymetry is the elevation of the Earth's surface beneath a body of water, especially the ocean, typically determined by measurements of depth from the water surface at mean lower low water. Distributions are topographic maps and bathymetric charts based on collected data and also include smoothed or gridded maps of bathymetry and elevation from observational data or other associated factors. Assessment data types include models of ecological value, economic value, or current rates of alterations due to erosion, accretion, climate change, and other stressors (for example, wetland habitat loss). Predictions are the results of models or projections of future distributions, values, or ecological impacts of bathymetry, including predicted changes due to natural and human forces such as erosion, deposition, sea-level rise, and dredging activities; predictions also include the results of scenario-based models of bathymetry changes under different management strategies."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 23,
            "code": "73",
            "name": "Mining and Mineral Extraction",
            "scope": "Includes sand and gravel extraction, seabed mining for commercial minerals, dredging, and beach nourishment; it excludes energy production activities."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 61,
            "code": "523",
            "name": "analytical modeling",
            "scope": "development of a quantitative model that approximates the behavior of a complex natural system in response to variable input; includes quantitative forecasting or hindcasting models."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 61,
            "code": "465",
            "name": "box coring",
            "scope": "technique for obtaining shallow, four-sided, relatively undisturbed samples of sea-floor sediments."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 61,
            "code": "54",
            "name": "coastal sediment budget",
            "scope": "natural phenomena or human activities that alter the balance between sediment sources and sinks in the coastal system."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 61,
            "code": "524",
            "name": "conceptual modeling",
            "scope": "development of a qualitative model that approximates the behavior of a complex natural system."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 61,
            "code": "39",
            "name": "dredge spoils disposal",
            "scope": "includes all processes for relocating material excavated during dredging."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 61,
            "code": "475",
            "name": "grab sampling",
            "scope": "obtaining sediment or rock samples by dropping a clamshell device onto the sea floor."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 61,
            "code": "170",
            "name": "sand deposit",
            "scope": "unconsolidated sand laid down by wind or water."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 61,
            "code": "220",
            "name": "sediment",
            "scope": "unconsolidated weathering products that have been eroded, transported, and deposited in another location."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 61,
            "code": "519",
            "name": "sediment analysis",
            "scope": "laboratory analysis of sediment samples in support of a variety of geological and biological research topics (sedimentology, stratigraphy, benthic habitats, and others)."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 61,
            "code": "314",
            "name": "sediment deposition",
            "scope": "the effects of deposition on natural sedimentary environments."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 61,
            "code": "315",
            "name": "sediment erosion",
            "scope": "the effects of erosion on natural sedimentary environments."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 61,
            "code": "382",
            "name": "sediment resources",
            "scope": "used for the economic and environmental aspects of aggregate mining in coastal and marine environments."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 61,
            "code": "55",
            "name": "sediment sinks",
            "scope": "processes that remove sediment from the coastal system, such as shoreline accretion, offshore transport, and resource extraction."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 61,
            "code": "56",
            "name": "sediment sources",
            "scope": "processes that contribute sediment to the coastal system, such as shoreline erosion, onshore transport, and river discharge."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 61,
            "code": "473",
            "name": "surface sampling",
            "scope": "used for all methods of sampling exposed earth materials, water, or ice; do not use for samples obtained from boreholes."
        }
    ],
    "place_term": [],
    "image": [],
    "fan": [
        "2016-671-FA",
        "J190SF",
        "J191SF",
        "J200SF"
    ]
}