{
    "tag": 7970,
    "title": "Continuous Resistivity Profiling, Electrical Resistivity Tomography and Hydrologic Data Collected in 2017 from Indian River Lagoon, Florida",
    "pubdate": "20180919",
    "sername": null,
    "series_name": null,
    "issue": "doi:10.5066\/F7V40TFH",
    "publish": null,
    "publisher_name": null,
    "onlink": "https:\/\/cmgds.marine.usgs.gov\/catalog\/spcmsc\/IRL_resistivity_metadata.faq.html",
    "format": null,
    "email": null,
    "descript": "Extending 200 kilometers (km) along the Atlantic Coast of Central Florida, Indian River Lagoon (IRL) is one of the most biologically diverse estuarine systems in the continental United States. The lagoon is characterized by shallow, brackish waters and a width that varies between 0.5 and 9.0 km; there is significant human development along both shores. Scientists from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center used continuous resistivity profiling (CRP, a towed electronic array) measurements, electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), and basic physical water column properties (for example, depth and temperature) to investigate submarine groundwater discharge at two locations, Eau Gallie North and Riverwalk Park, along the western shore of IRL. Eau Gallie North is near the central section of IRL and Riverwalk Park is approximately 20 km north of the Eau Gallie site. At each CRP study site, an 11-electrode marine resistivity array was towed over seven north\u2013south shore parallel transects (EA\u2013EG and RA\u2013RG, respectively), situated between 75\u20131000 meters offshore, and approximately 1.5 km in length. Each transect was mapped three times in an alternating north\u2013south direction to account for data collected by the concurrently-operating radon mapping system (Everhart and others, 2018). Repeat streaming resistivity surveys were collected bimonthly along these same tracklines, between March and November 2017, to determine seasonal and temporal variability. Since resistivity is a function of both geology and salinity, it is assumed that temporal shifts will reflect salinity changes, as the underlying geology will be presumed to remain constant. ERT study areas consisted of land- and shallow water-based surveys, where [DC] electrical current was injected into the ground via two current electrodes and received by nine potential electrodes. Electrode positions for both sites were recorded along six transects (T01-T06) and are provided in this data release as supplemental information (please see the ERT location map files included in, ERT_survey_maps.zip).",
    "lang": null,
    "journal": null,
    "pwid": null,
    "originator": [
        {
            "name": "Forde, Arnell S.",
            "role": "Author"
        },
        {
            "name": "Smith, Christopher G.",
            "role": "Author"
        },
        {
            "name": "Zaremba, Nicholas J.",
            "role": "Author"
        },
        {
            "name": "McBride, Elsie C.",
            "role": "Author"
        }
    ],
    "index_term": [
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "2086",
            "name": "continuous resistivity profiling",
            "scope": "Ship-based method of analyzing apparent resistivity of the sub-bottom (for example, spatial variation in pore-water salinity) by measuring the induced electromagnetic response to a current generated by the instruments."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "2087",
            "name": "electrical resistivity imaging",
            "scope": "Land-based resistivity survey where current is applied to the ground using an array of electrodes and apparent resistivity of the subsurface is measured, giving estimates of the spatial variability of resistivity (for example, variations in pore water salinity)."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "464",
            "name": "geology",
            "scope": "Study of the planet earth, its composition, structure, physical and chemical processes, and history since its origin."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "470",
            "name": "geophysics",
            "scope": "Branch of geology studying the physical characteristics and phenomena of the earth and its atmosphere."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "1692",
            "name": "groundwater and surface-water interaction",
            "scope": "Traditionally, management of water resources has focused on surface water or groundwater as if they were separate entities. As development of land and water resources increases, it is apparent that development of either of these resources affects the quantity and quality of the other. Nearly all surface-water features (streams, lakes, reservoirs, wetlands, and estuaries) interact with groundwater. These interactions take many forms. In many situations, surface-water bodies gain water and solutes from groundwater systems and in others the surface-water body is a source of groundwater recharge and causes changes in groundwater quality. As a result, withdrawal of water from streams can deplete groundwater or conversely, pumpage of groundwater can deplete water in streams, lakes, or wetlands. Pollution of surface water can cause degradation of groundwater quality and conversely pollution of groundwater can degrade surface water."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "518",
            "name": "groundwater quality",
            "scope": "Fitness of subsurface water for use based on its composition and properties."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "560",
            "name": "hydrology",
            "scope": "Branch of earth science that deals with water as it occurs in the atmosphere, on the surface of the ground, and underground."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "1712",
            "name": "resistivity",
            "scope": "Electrical resistance of materials, often measured in boreholes."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 15,
            "code": "007",
            "name": "environment",
            "scope": "Environmental resources, protection and conservation, for example environmental pollution, waste storage and treatment, environmental impact assessment, monitoring environmental risk, nature reserves, landscape, water quality, air quality, environmental modeling"
        },
        {
            "thcode": 15,
            "code": "008",
            "name": "geoscientificInformation",
            "scope": "Information pertaining to earth sciences, for example geophysical features and processes, geology, minerals, sciences dealing with the composition, structure and origin of the earth's rocks, risks of earthquakes, volcanic activity, landslides, gravity information, soils, permafrost, hydrogeology, groundwater, erosion"
        },
        {
            "thcode": 15,
            "code": "013",
            "name": "location",
            "scope": "Positional information and services, for example addresses, geodetic networks, geodetic control points, postal zones and services, place names, geographic names"
        },
        {
            "thcode": 23,
            "code": "3",
            "name": "Distributions",
            "scope": "Locations or patterns of a feature of interest across space and (or) time. These data can include point data, lines, polygons, and temporal data at any scale relevant to CMSP and can be produced by observation, interpolation, or modeling. Distributions can also include maps or statistics of climatology, the environmental values that are expected to be observed at the present time."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 23,
            "code": "39",
            "name": "Ocean Uses",
            "scope": "Data about human activities that occur in, on, under, or immediately above the water in the Nation's coastal and marine environments. Humans use and engage with the oceans in a variety of ways and purposes. To provide an objective, transparent, and consistent means of describing, understanding, and planning for those diverse activities, NOAA's National Marine Protected Areas Center recently published A Common Language of Ocean Uses (Wahle and Townsend, 2013). This simple framework defines 35 distinct ways that people use the oceans in the United States. The framework describes each use from a functional perspective, articulating in objective terms how and where the use typically operates in ocean space and what components it involves (for example, vessels, gear, and so on). The resulting use categories provide a means for aggregating functionally similar uses (for example, offshore recreational and commercial pelagic fishing), while allowing important distinctions to be made and explored within the categories (for example, uses pursued for commercial as opposed to recreational purposes). These Ocean Use categories are included in this document as a proposed unifying framework for collecting, organizing, managing, and applying data on human uses of the oceans for CMSP and other place-based management efforts. Distributions are maps or other spatial representations of human uses of the ocean across space or over time. Assessments are evaluations of the trends, ecological requirements and impacts, demographics, socioeconomic drivers and benefits, and conflicts and compatibilities of other human uses of the ocean in its present distribution. Predictions are the results of projections of future distributions or implications of human uses of the ocean, including changes in response to human and natural processes, optimal locations, and trade-offs resulting from different management actions. As an organizing tool, these uses are here divided into five groups, or sectors, reflecting commonalities of purpose and approach among similar uses."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 23,
            "code": "21",
            "name": "Physical Habitats and Geomorphology",
            "scope": "Includes measures of the geologic and structural characteristics of the coast or sea floor, such as the features defined in the Geoform Component of CMECS. Distributions are detailed topographic and bathymetric maps, geolocated photographs, or sea-floor descriptions; Distributions includes maps that interpret observations to categorize areas on the basis of geoform types such as those in CMECS. Assessment types include evaluations of ecological or human use value and can include models that project environmental or economic effects of erosion, climate change, dredging, and other stressors. Predictions are the results of models or projections of future distributions, values, or ecological impacts of physical habitats, including predicted changes due to natural and human forces; they are also from scenario-based models of resource losses, gains, or impacts on ecological or economic values under different management strategies (for example, mining, removal, relocation, or the building of structures)."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 61,
            "code": "411",
            "name": "electrical resistivity measurements",
            "scope": "borehole measurements to characterize in situ earth materials and pore fluids by their resistance to the flow of electrical currents."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 61,
            "code": "757",
            "name": "electromagnetism",
            "scope": "the study of electricity and magnetism."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 61,
            "code": "132",
            "name": "estuary",
            "scope": "the lower course of a river, subject to tides and mixing of fresh and salt water."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 61,
            "code": "143",
            "name": "lagoon",
            "scope": "a shallow body of water separated from the open ocean by barrier islands or coral reefs."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 61,
            "code": "738",
            "name": "marine geophysics",
            "scope": "used for geophysical and related studies of ocean basins and margins."
        }
    ],
    "place_term": [],
    "image": [],
    "fan": [
        "2017-313-FA",
        "2017-328-FA",
        "2017-334-FA",
        "2017-342-FA"
    ]
}