{
    "tag": 19129,
    "title": "Elwha PlaneCam \u2013 Aerial imagery and derivatives from periodic and event-response surveys of the Elwha River, Olympic Mountains, and Washington Coast",
    "pubdate": "20250420",
    "sername": null,
    "series_name": null,
    "issue": "DOI:10.5066\/P9M3NYWI",
    "publish": null,
    "publisher_name": null,
    "onlink": "https:\/\/cmgds.marine.usgs.gov\/catalog\/pcmsc\/DataServices\/rscc\/Elwha_PlaneCam\/Elwha_planecam_metadata.faq.html",
    "format": null,
    "email": null,
    "descript": "This is a collection of aerial oblique and near-nadir images, ancillary data, and derivatives, from aerial surveys of coastal and near-coastal environments with a crewed light aircraft using the \"Elwha PlaneCam\" system which consists of one or two cameras mounted in the wing inspection plate(s) of a Cessna 172 flown by Rite Bros. Aviation on flights coordinated through the Department of the Interior's (DOI) Office of Aviation Services (OAS), Olympic National Park, and\/or USGS Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center. Cameras were programmed to take pictures at a set interval. Camera hardware has no GPS capability, and cameras changed through time due to equipment failures and technological progress. Data are collected and produced primarily for monitoring the Elwha River and shoreline response to dam removal using structure-from-motion (SfM) photogrammetry, although a few collections were performed in other areas as opportunities\/needs arose. The purpose of this system is to capture ephemeral responses to environmental perturbation at a frequency that improves our understanding of the processes driving both short- and long-term changes in response to one of the largest dam removals in history. These data are being published consistent with U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Fundamental Science Practices (FSP) in the spirit of producing timely best science. Data products from the Elwha PlaneCam are published in a directory structure with one folder per survey, and within that folder, one folder per product. A process step or steps in metadata for each product describe naming conventions and methodology for each product. A detailed description of methods and naming conventions can be found in the Entity and Attribute Overview and Process Steps of this metadata record.",
    "lang": null,
    "journal": null,
    "pwid": null,
    "originator": [
        {
            "name": "Ritchie, Andrew C.",
            "role": "Author"
        },
        {
            "name": "Warrick, Jonathan A.",
            "role": "Author"
        },
        {
            "name": "Triezenberg, Peter J.",
            "role": "Author"
        },
        {
            "name": "Hatcher, Gerald A.",
            "role": "Author"
        },
        {
            "name": "Buscombe, Daniel D.",
            "role": "Author"
        }
    ],
    "index_term": [
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "15",
            "name": "aerial photography",
            "scope": "The process of taking pictures with a camera from an aircraft. Use for both the process of photography from the air and the images produced by the process."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "174",
            "name": "coastal ecosystems",
            "scope": "Biological communities and habitats within the narrow zones of land between the margin of oceans or seas and large landmasses."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "1799",
            "name": "coastal processes",
            "scope": "Processes unique to coastal areas including longshore transport, beach erosion, storm surge, shoreline change, delta formation, barrier island migration, beach stabilization by vegetation"
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "235",
            "name": "datasets",
            "scope": "Digital information in a format suitable for direct input to software that can analyze its meaning in the scientific, engineering, or business context for which the data were collected."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "291",
            "name": "earth sciences",
            "scope": "Broad term for all science related to the study of the earth."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "311",
            "name": "ecology",
            "scope": "Study of the relations between living plants and animals and their environment."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "447",
            "name": "geography",
            "scope": "Study of the earth's landforms, topography, and climate, the distribution of flora and fauna, and the distribution, culture, and activities of human populations."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "451",
            "name": "geologic processes",
            "scope": "All types of processes involving geological structures."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "464",
            "name": "geology",
            "scope": "Study of the planet earth, its composition, structure, physical and chemical processes, and history since its origin."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "474",
            "name": "geospatial datasets",
            "scope": "Collections of related digital information that are geographically referenced."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "574",
            "name": "image analysis",
            "scope": "Pattern analysis of the shapes and textures of images to identify features and derive information about them."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "575",
            "name": "image collections",
            "scope": "Visible representations of objects or earth properties produced by cameras, spectral instruments, or as graphical representations of measurements."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "981",
            "name": "remote sensing",
            "scope": "Acquiring information about a natural feature or phenomenon, such as the Earth's surface, without actually being in contact with it. USGS remote sensing is usually carried out with airborne or spaceborne sensors or cameras."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "1736",
            "name": "slope processes",
            "scope": "The down slope movement of earth material under the influence of gravity."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "1281",
            "name": "visible light imaging",
            "scope": "Remote sensing methods using electromagnetic radiation which is visible to the human eye to react with the coating on a photographic plate or film."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 15,
            "code": "007",
            "name": "environment",
            "scope": "Environmental resources, protection and conservation, for example environmental pollution, waste storage and treatment, environmental impact assessment, monitoring environmental risk, nature reserves, landscape, water quality, air quality, environmental modeling"
        },
        {
            "thcode": 15,
            "code": "008",
            "name": "geoscientificInformation",
            "scope": "Information pertaining to earth sciences, for example geophysical features and processes, geology, minerals, sciences dealing with the composition, structure and origin of the earth's rocks, risks of earthquakes, volcanic activity, landslides, gravity information, soils, permafrost, hydrogeology, groundwater, erosion"
        },
        {
            "thcode": 15,
            "code": "010",
            "name": "imageryBaseMapsEarthCover",
            "scope": "Base maps, for example land\/earth cover, topographic maps, imagery, unclassified images, annotations, digital ortho imagery"
        },
        {
            "thcode": 23,
            "code": "3",
            "name": "Distributions",
            "scope": "Locations or patterns of a feature of interest across space and (or) time. These data can include point data, lines, polygons, and temporal data at any scale relevant to CMSP and can be produced by observation, interpolation, or modeling. Distributions can also include maps or statistics of climatology, the environmental values that are expected to be observed at the present time."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 23,
            "code": "27",
            "name": "Habitat",
            "scope": "Habitat includes data that describe repeatable combinations of biota and associated chemical, physical, or geological features in a distinct place, which, as in the CMECS Biotic Component, generally are named for the dominant taxa living there. Habitat also includes biotopes in accordance with CMECS. Examples include seagrass beds, deep-water corals, benthos, nekton, plankton, mussel beds. Distributions for Habitat data subject types include records of biotic associations, habitats, or biotopes obtained through direct observation, imagery, collection, or other methods; Distributions also include biotope maps, predicted maps of present-day habitats (for example, the Northwest Atlantic Marine Ecoregional Assessment, Mapping European Seabed Habitats), and other compilations or interpretations from observed data. Assessments include ecological valuation indices, presence, quantity (hectares), or percentage of identified high-value habitats; other purpose-driven, regionally-specific indicators of ecological value; classifications of areas as critical habitat; ecological services models; evaluations of habitat condition; and place-based indices of susceptibility and vulnerability to disturbance. Predictions are the results of models or projections of future distributions, values, or impacts; anticipated changes produced by natural and human processes; future projections of cumulative impacts of single or multiple stressors; and scenario-testing habitat loss\/gain models and predictions of related ecological or economic effects under different management strategies."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 23,
            "code": "87",
            "name": "Infrastructure",
            "scope": "The locations of permanent or temporary installations intended to support basic human activities or needs, including communication, transportation, shoreline protection, housing, recreation, and utilities. Data required for marine planning are limited to infrastructure that has effects on environmental processes or human activities that impact the coast, Great Lakes, or ocean. Distributions are maps representing current locations of structures and facilities. Assessments are maps showing theoretical or suitable locations resulting from models, evaluations, or other processes; or they are models that evaluate the ecological or economic impacts of existing infrastructure. Predictions are maps showing predicted locations based on expected outcomes or variable factors and drivers; or they are models that evaluate the ecological or economic effects of proposed, changed, or future infrastructure. All Infrastructure data share these definitions for Distributions, Assessments, and Predictions."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 23,
            "code": "21",
            "name": "Physical Habitats and Geomorphology",
            "scope": "Includes measures of the geologic and structural characteristics of the coast or sea floor, such as the features defined in the Geoform Component of CMECS. Distributions are detailed topographic and bathymetric maps, geolocated photographs, or sea-floor descriptions; Distributions includes maps that interpret observations to categorize areas on the basis of geoform types such as those in CMECS. Assessment types include evaluations of ecological or human use value and can include models that project environmental or economic effects of erosion, climate change, dredging, and other stressors. Predictions are the results of models or projections of future distributions, values, or ecological impacts of physical habitats, including predicted changes due to natural and human forces; they are also from scenario-based models of resource losses, gains, or impacts on ecological or economic values under different management strategies (for example, mining, removal, relocation, or the building of structures)."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 23,
            "code": "91",
            "name": "Structures",
            "scope": "Structures are temporary, permanent, or abandoned constructed features on the coast, Great Lakes, or ocean, including piers, platforms, energy installations, communication towers, hardened shoreline protection, jetties, housing, shipwrecks, and more, but not including ports, cables, pipelines, power grids, buoys, or navigational aids."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 61,
            "code": "450",
            "name": "aerial and satellite photography",
            "scope": "used for vertical or oblique photography of the Earth taken from aircraft or satellites; do not use for air-to-air photography."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 61,
            "code": "3",
            "name": "agents of coastal change",
            "scope": "natural phenomena and human activities that cause changes in coastal processes, landscapes, and ecosystems."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 61,
            "code": "32",
            "name": "anthropogenic agents of coastal change",
            "scope": "human activities that cause changes in coastal processes, landscapes, and ecosystems."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 61,
            "code": "36",
            "name": "coastal development",
            "scope": "includes municipal and industrial development; transportation infrastructure; recreational facilities; and other human constructs that impact the coastal zone. "
        },
        {
            "thcode": 61,
            "code": "336",
            "name": "coastal erosion",
            "scope": "the erosion of the area adjacent to an ocean, sea, or lake, often resulting in shoreline changes."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 61,
            "code": "349",
            "name": "coastal landslides",
            "scope": "slope failures along a coast, often triggered by storm events."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 61,
            "code": "417",
            "name": "Global Positioning System (GPS) observations",
            "scope": "the use of satellite signals from the Global Positioning System to determine the precise location of a terrestrial receiver."
        }
    ],
    "place_term": [],
    "image": [],
    "fan": []
}