{
    "tag": 13710,
    "title": "4-m Grid of the Combined Multibeam Bathymetry Generated from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Surveys H12009, H12010, H12011, H12015, H12033, H12137, and H12139 Offshore in Block Island Sound (BISOUND_4MUTM, UTM Zone 19, NAD83)",
    "pubdate": "2012",
    "sername": null,
    "series_name": null,
    "issue": "2012-1005",
    "publish": null,
    "publisher_name": null,
    "onlink": "https:\/\/cmgds.marine.usgs.gov\/catalog\/whcmsc\/open_file_report\/ofr2012-1005\/bisound_4mutm.grd.faq.html",
    "format": null,
    "email": null,
    "descript": "The USGS, in cooperation with NOAA, is producing detailed maps of the seafloor off southern New England. The current phase of this cooperative research program is directed toward analyzing how bathymetric relief relates to the distribution of sedimentary environments and benthic communities. As part of this program, digital terrain models (DTMs) from bathymetry collected as part of NOAA's hydrographic charting activities are converted into ESRI raster grids and imagery, verified with bottom sampling and photography, and used to produce interpretations of seabed geology and hydrodynamic processes. Although each of the 7 continuous-coverage, completed surveys individually provides important benthic environmental information, many applications require a geographically broader perspective. For example, the usefulness of individual surveys is limited for the planning and construction of cross-Sound infrastructure, such as cables and pipelines, or for the testing of regional circulation models. To address this need, we integrated the 7 contiguous multibeam bathymetric DTMs into one dataset that covers much of Block Island Sound. The new dataset is adjusted to mean lower low water, is provided in UTM Zone 19 NAD83 and geographic WGS84 projections, and is gridded to 4-m resolution. This resolution is adequate for seafloor-feature and process interpretation, but small enough to be queried and manipulated with standard GIS programs and to allow for future growth. Natural features visible in the grid include boulder lag deposits of submerged moraines, sand-wave fields, and scour depressions that reflect the strength of the oscillating tidal currents. Bedform asymmetry allows interpretations of net sediment transport. Together the merged data reveal a larger, more continuous perspective of bathymetric topography than previously available, providing a fundamental framework for research and resource management activities off this portion of the Rhode Island coast.",
    "lang": null,
    "journal": null,
    "pwid": null,
    "originator": [
        {
            "name": "National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration",
            "role": "Author"
        },
        {
            "name": "U.S. Geological Survey",
            "role": "Author"
        },
        {
            "name": "Poppe, Lawrence J.",
            "role": "Author"
        },
        {
            "name": "Danforth, William W.",
            "role": "Author"
        },
        {
            "name": "McMullen, Katherine Y.",
            "role": "Author"
        },
        {
            "name": "Blankenship, M. A.",
            "role": "Author"
        },
        {
            "name": "Glomb, K. A.",
            "role": "Author"
        },
        {
            "name": "Wright, D. B.",
            "role": "Author"
        },
        {
            "name": "Smith, S. M.",
            "role": "Author"
        }
    ],
    "index_term": [
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "80",
            "name": "bathymetry",
            "scope": "The elevation of the earth's surface beneath a body of water, especially the ocean, typically determined by measurements of depth from the water surface."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "474",
            "name": "geospatial datasets",
            "scope": "Collections of related digital information that are geographically referenced."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "707",
            "name": "marine geophysics",
            "scope": "Branch of earth sciences concerned with the physical processes of the oceans and continental margins.  We include here studies of large bodies of brackish and fresh water, such as lakes and rivers."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "2036",
            "name": "multibeam sonar",
            "scope": "Acoustic technique for determining depths or creating backscatter imagery in a wide swath of seafloor or lakebed centered below the instrument platform."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "1025",
            "name": "sea-floor characteristics",
            "scope": "Geomorphic features and geographic, compositional, and textural variation in the materials composing the ocean floor. Includes both large-scale structures (such as seamounts and rises) and fine-scale variations in rocks and deposits on the sea floor."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 15,
            "code": "006",
            "name": "elevation",
            "scope": "Height above or below sea level, for example altitude, bathymetry, digital elevation models, slope, derived products, DEMs, TINs"
        },
        {
            "thcode": 15,
            "code": "014",
            "name": "oceans",
            "scope": "Features and characteristics of salt water bodies (excluding inland waters), for example tides, tidal waves, coastal information, reefs, maritime, outer continental shelf submerged lands, shoreline"
        }
    ],
    "place_term": [],
    "image": [
        {
            "name": "https:\/\/pubs.usgs.gov\/of\/2012\/1005\/data\/bathy\/grids\/utm\/bisound_4mutm.gif",
            "description": "Thumbnail image showing the combined 4-m gridded multibeam bathymetry collected during NOAA surveys H12009, H12010, H12011, H12015, H12033, H12137, and H12139 offshore in Block Island Sound in UTM Zone 19, NAD83"
        }
    ],
    "fan": []
}