{
    "tag": 19710,
    "title": "Hurricane Laura Assessment of Potential Coastal-Change Impacts: NHC Advisory 24, 25-Aug-2020 18:00:00",
    "pubdate": "20260130",
    "sername": null,
    "series_name": null,
    "issue": null,
    "publish": null,
    "publisher_name": null,
    "onlink": "https:\/\/cmgds.marine.usgs.gov\/catalog\/spcmsc\/Laura_2020082518_Adv24_metadata.faq.html",
    "format": null,
    "email": null,
    "descript": "This dataset contains information on the probabilities of storm-induced erosion (collision, inundation and overwash) on sandy beaches along the U.S. Gulf coast of Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama during hurricane impact conditions of Hurricane Laura in August 2020. The analysis is based on a storm-impact scaling model that uses observations of dune morphology combined with sophisticated hydrodynamic models to predict how the coast will respond to storm events. Storm-induced water levels, due to both surge and waves, were compared to beach and dune elevations to determine the probabilities of three types of coastal change: collision (dune erosion), overwash, and inundation. Dune morphology observations (dune crest and toe elevation) were derived from topographic lidar (light detection and ranging) surveys. Hydrodynamic data were derived from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Nearshore Wave Prediction System model (wave setup and runup) and the NOAA Probabilistic Tropical Storm Surge model (storm surge). Storm surge exceedance levels of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 90% were used; meaning that, for the 10% exceedance level, the storm surge would be expected to exceed the water level forecast in only 10% of locations, for example. The storm surge, mean and extreme water levels, and probabilities of collision, overwash, and inundation varied due to each storm surge exceedance level. Multiple similar variables are included in each data file for these parameters; the basic names are appended using the following format, \u2018e10\u2019 for the 10% exceedance level of storm surge. Data are provided for each NOAA National Hurricane Center (NHC) advisory during the study period for each storm. For further information regarding data collection and\/or processing methods refer to Stockdon and others (2012). For further information regarding dune morphology observations refer to Doran and others (2017).",
    "lang": null,
    "journal": null,
    "pwid": null,
    "originator": [
        {
            "name": "Birchler, Justin J.",
            "role": "Author"
        },
        {
            "name": "Palmsten, Margaret L.",
            "role": "Author"
        },
        {
            "name": "Doran, Kara S.",
            "role": "Author"
        }
    ],
    "index_term": [
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "1799",
            "name": "coastal processes",
            "scope": "Processes unique to coastal areas including longshore transport, beach erosion, storm surge, shoreline change, delta formation, barrier island migration, beach stabilization by vegetation"
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "353",
            "name": "erosion",
            "scope": "The process whereby materials of the earth's crust are loosened, dissolved, or worn away and simultaneously moved from one place to another."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "531",
            "name": "hazards",
            "scope": "Potential dangers from both natural processes (e.g., earthquakes, floods, and climate change) and human impacts on the environment."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "549",
            "name": "hurricanes",
            "scope": "Severe cyclones, or revolving storms, originating over the equatorial regions of the earth, accompanied by torrential rain, lightning, and winds with a speed greater than 74 miles per hour."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "706",
            "name": "marine geology",
            "scope": "Branch of geology concerned with the composition, geologic history, and earth processes of the ocean floor and the continental margin."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 2,
            "code": "818",
            "name": "ocean sciences",
            "scope": "Sciences involved in the study of geological, biological, chemical, and physical characteristics and processes of the oceans."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 15,
            "code": "006",
            "name": "elevation",
            "scope": "Height above or below sea level, for example altitude, bathymetry, digital elevation models, slope, derived products, DEMs, TINs"
        },
        {
            "thcode": 15,
            "code": "007",
            "name": "environment",
            "scope": "Environmental resources, protection and conservation, for example environmental pollution, waste storage and treatment, environmental impact assessment, monitoring environmental risk, nature reserves, landscape, water quality, air quality, environmental modeling"
        },
        {
            "thcode": 15,
            "code": "008",
            "name": "geoscientificInformation",
            "scope": "Information pertaining to earth sciences, for example geophysical features and processes, geology, minerals, sciences dealing with the composition, structure and origin of the earth's rocks, risks of earthquakes, volcanic activity, landslides, gravity information, soils, permafrost, hydrogeology, groundwater, erosion"
        },
        {
            "thcode": 15,
            "code": "014",
            "name": "oceans",
            "scope": "Features and characteristics of salt water bodies (excluding inland waters), for example tides, tidal waves, coastal information, reefs, maritime, outer continental shelf submerged lands, shoreline"
        },
        {
            "thcode": 23,
            "code": "22",
            "name": "Bathymetry and Elevation",
            "scope": "Includes measures of the height of a location above or below a reference surface. Bathymetry is the elevation of the Earth's surface beneath a body of water, especially the ocean, typically determined by measurements of depth from the water surface at mean lower low water. Distributions are topographic maps and bathymetric charts based on collected data and also include smoothed or gridded maps of bathymetry and elevation from observational data or other associated factors. Assessment data types include models of ecological value, economic value, or current rates of alterations due to erosion, accretion, climate change, and other stressors (for example, wetland habitat loss). Predictions are the results of models or projections of future distributions, values, or ecological impacts of bathymetry, including predicted changes due to natural and human forces such as erosion, deposition, sea-level rise, and dredging activities; predictions also include the results of scenario-based models of bathymetry changes under different management strategies."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 23,
            "code": "3",
            "name": "Distributions",
            "scope": "Locations or patterns of a feature of interest across space and (or) time. These data can include point data, lines, polygons, and temporal data at any scale relevant to CMSP and can be produced by observation, interpolation, or modeling. Distributions can also include maps or statistics of climatology, the environmental values that are expected to be observed at the present time."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 23,
            "code": "21",
            "name": "Physical Habitats and Geomorphology",
            "scope": "Includes measures of the geologic and structural characteristics of the coast or sea floor, such as the features defined in the Geoform Component of CMECS. Distributions are detailed topographic and bathymetric maps, geolocated photographs, or sea-floor descriptions; Distributions includes maps that interpret observations to categorize areas on the basis of geoform types such as those in CMECS. Assessment types include evaluations of ecological or human use value and can include models that project environmental or economic effects of erosion, climate change, dredging, and other stressors. Predictions are the results of models or projections of future distributions, values, or ecological impacts of physical habitats, including predicted changes due to natural and human forces; they are also from scenario-based models of resource losses, gains, or impacts on ecological or economic values under different management strategies (for example, mining, removal, relocation, or the building of structures)."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 61,
            "code": "57",
            "name": "effects of coastal change",
            "scope": "changes in coastal processes, landscapes, and ecosystems."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 61,
            "code": "356",
            "name": "hurricanes and typhoons",
            "scope": "tropical cyclonic storms."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 61,
            "code": "68",
            "name": "shoreline accretion",
            "scope": "seaward migration of the shoreline resulting from the addition of earth materials."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 61,
            "code": "69",
            "name": "shoreline erosion",
            "scope": "landward migration of the shoreline resulting from the removal of earth materials."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 61,
            "code": "339",
            "name": "storm erosion",
            "scope": "the loss of earth materials due to flooding, winds, or other transport by an extreme storm such as a hurricane, particularly in coastal areas."
        },
        {
            "thcode": 61,
            "code": "429",
            "name": "topographic mapping",
            "scope": "used for traditional cartographic methods that document the distribution and elevation of geographic and hydrographic features (and usually cultural features and administrative boundaries)."
        }
    ],
    "place_term": [
        {
            "thcode": 1,
            "code": "fUS",
            "name": "United States",
            "scope": "country",
            "pname": "North America"
        },
        {
            "thcode": 1,
            "code": "f05093",
            "name": "Mississippi",
            "scope": "county",
            "pname": "Arkansas"
        },
        {
            "thcode": 1,
            "code": "f29215",
            "name": "Texas",
            "scope": "county",
            "pname": "Missouri"
        },
        {
            "thcode": 1,
            "code": "fUS01",
            "name": "Alabama",
            "scope": "state",
            "pname": "United States"
        },
        {
            "thcode": 1,
            "code": "fUS22",
            "name": "Louisiana",
            "scope": "state",
            "pname": "United States"
        }
    ],
    "image": [],
    "fan": []
}