Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Kees Nederhoff Originator: Li H. Erikson Originator: Anita C. Engelstad Publication_Date: 20250926 Title: 2D XBeach model input files – Unalakleet, Alaska Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: text files Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI: 10.5066/P139S3GK Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, California Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P139S3GK Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Li H. Erikson Originator: Anita C. Engelstad Originator: Kees Nederhoff Originator: Alexander L. Nereson Originator: Ann E. Gibbs Originator: Dee M. Williams Originator: Maya K. Hayden Originator: Nicole Herman-Mercer Publication_Date: 2025 Title: CoSMoS-AK Modeled flood and erosion hazards, Unalakleet, Alaska Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI: 10.5066/P139S3GK Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Alaska Climate Adaptation Science Center, Anchorage, AK Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Other_Citation_Details: Suggested Citation: Erikson, L.H., Engelstad, A.C., Nederhoff, K., Nereson, A.L., Gibbs, A.E., Williams, D.M., Hayden, M.K., and Herman-Mercer, N., 2025, CoSMoS-AK Modeled Flood and Erosion Hazards at Unalakleet - Coastal Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P139S3GK. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P139S3GK Description: Abstract: The data sets provided here consist of 2D XBeach model files and sample input files used for Coastal Storm Modeling System (CoSMoS) simulations of flood and erosion hazards in Unalakleet, Alaska. The models produce outputs for a suite of hazard products (see products in this release), such as flood depths, flood extents, and erosion and sedimentation. In this release, example forcing files for conditions with a 100-year return period coastal storm and a sea level rise of 0.5 m are provided, in addition to all other files needed to run the model in surfbeat and nonhydrostatic modes. Purpose: This product was created to fulfill the Bureau-wide vision of an integrated, predictive science capability to support Alaska Native communities in building resiliency from natural disasters, sovereignty and self-determination, and emergency response and planning capacity. Supplemental_Information: Work was funded by US Geological Survey Climate Adaptation Science Center Project EN05ES9 (see Projects - Climate Adaptation Science Centers). For more information on coastal storm modeling, see https://www.usgs.gov/centers/pcmsc/science/coastal-storm-modeling-system-cosmos. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2025 Currentness_Reference: publication year Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -160.860036 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -160.643346 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 63.956505 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 63.835339 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier Theme_Keyword: USGS:60cf85b0-26fa-423a-8ac9-028d6569be9a Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Data Categories for Marine Planning Theme_Keyword: Physical Habitats and Geomorphology Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Theme_Keyword: Hazards Planning Theme_Keyword: Ocean Waves Theme_Keyword: Beaches Theme_Keyword: Erosion Theme_Keyword: Storm Surge Theme_Keyword: Extreme Weather Theme_Keyword: Water Depth Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: Storms Theme_Keyword: Wind Theme_Keyword: Floods Theme_Keyword: mathematical modeling Theme_Keyword: earth sciences Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: Oceans Theme_Keyword: ClimatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Marine Realms Information Bank (MRIB) keywords Theme_Keyword: waves Theme_Keyword: coastal erosion Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey Theme_Keyword: USGS Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program Theme_Keyword: CMHRP Theme_Keyword: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Theme_Keyword: PCMSC Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) Place_Keyword: State of Alaska Place_Keyword: Unalakleet Access_Constraints: No access constraints Use_Constraints: USGS-authored or produced data and information are in the public domain from the U.S. Government and are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. These data are marked with a Creative Common CC0 1.0 Universal License. Please recognize and acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator of the dataset and in products derived from these data. These data are not intended to be used for navigation. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Person: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 2885 Mission Street City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95060 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-427-4747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pcmsc_data@usgs.gov Data_Set_Credit: Resources supporting this work were provided by USGS Advanced Research Computing (Falgout and others, 2024). Native_Data_Set_Environment: The datasets were created in a Windows 11 Operating system, using Matlab v2024. Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: G.W. Brunner Publication_Date: 2024 Title: HEC-RAS River Analysis System 2D User’s Manual. Version 6.7_Beta3 Other_Citation_Details: Brunner, G.W., 2024. HEC-RAS River Analysis System 2D User’s Manual. Version 6.7_Beta3. US Army Corps of Engineers. Hydrologic Engineering Center. https://www.hec.usace.army.mil/confluence/rasdocs/r2dum/latest/developing-a-terrain-model-and-geospatial-layers/creating-land-cover-mannings-n-values-and-impervious-layers Online_Linkage: https://www.hec.usace.army.mil/confluence/rasdocs/r2dum/latest/developing-a-terrain-model-and-geospatial-layers/creating-land-cover-mannings-n-values-and-impervious-layers Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Deltares Publication_Date: 2025 Title: XBeach online manual documentation. Other_Citation_Details: Deltares, 2025, Beach online manual documentation, Available online: xbeach.readthedocs.io (accessed 01 February 2025) Online_Linkage: xbeach.readthedocs.io Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: J.T. Falgout Originator: J. Gordon Originator: B. Williams Originator: M.J. Davis Publication_Date: 2024 Title: USGS Advanced Research Computing, USGS Denali Supercomputer. Other_Citation_Details: Falgout, J.T., Gordon J., Williams B., Davis M. J., USGS Advanced Research Computing, USGS Denali Supercomputer: U.S. Geological Survey, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9PSW367 Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9PSW367 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: K.C. Horen Originator: A.C. Poisson Originator: Z.J. Siemsen Originator: J.M. Donohue Originator: K.L. Widmer Originator: J.D. Adams Originator: J.R. Overbeck Publication_Date: 2022 Title: Storm impact survey data for selected Alaska coastal communities in response to Extra-Tropical Cyclone Merbok, September 2022 Other_Citation_Details: Horen, K.C., Poisson, A.C., Siemsen, Z.J., Donohue, J.M., Widmer, K.L., Adams, J.D., and Overbeck, J.R., 2022, Storm impact survey data for selected Alaska coastal communities in response to Extra-Tropical Cyclone Merbok, September 2022: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Raw Data File 2022-14, 8 p. https://doi.org/10.14509/30909 Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.14509/30909 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) Publication_Date: 2019 Title: Storm data Other_Citation_Details: National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), 2019, Storm data, last accessed May 2019. http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/IPS/sd/sd.html Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Office for Coastal Management (OCM) Publication_Date: 2025 Title: 2020-2023 CCAP Version 2 Impervious Cover Other_Citation_Details: Office for Coastal Management, 2025: 2020-2023 CCAP Version 2 Impervious Cover, https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/70563 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey Publication_Date: 2024 Title: Short-Term Network Data Portal Other_Citation_Details: U.S. Geological Survey, 2025, Short-Term Network Data Portal, accessed on October 15, 2024, at http://water.usgs.gov/floods/FEV/ Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: Model setup was validated against observation-based storm flood elevations (NCDC 2019; Horen and others 2022, USGS, 2024). However, accurate historic water level recordings and detailed observations of floodings are sparse and vary between communities. Logical_Consistency_Report: Data have undergone quality checks and fall within expected/reasonable ranges. Completeness_Report: Dataset is considered complete for the information presented. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Data are concurrent with topobathymetric digital elevation model (TBDEM, see Nereson and others, 2025) locations. Vertical_Positional_Accuracy: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Model bathymetry and topography are accurate within the published topobathymetric data (DOI: doi.org/10.5066/P13BXTXV) and interpolation onto model grid Lineage: Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Alexander L. Nereson Originator: Ann E. Gibbs Originator: Li H. Erikson Publication_Date: 2025 Title: Topobathymetric digital elevation models – coastal Alaska Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: GeoTIFF Publication_Information: Publication_Place: online Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P13BXTXV Type_of_Source_Media: online database Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2025 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: TBDEM Source_Contribution: Topographic and bathymetry elevation data used in models Process_Step: Process_Description: Model grids (x.grd, y.grid), elevations (bed.dep, in meters above NAVD88) and other XBeach-specific setup files (params, disch_loc_file, disch_timeseries_file, jonswap, waterlevel_ini, ne_layer, bedfricfile, and stormtide) were developed for surfbeat (XB-SB) and non-hydrostatic (XB-NH)simulations. See Deltares manual (2025) for a description of model files and differences between the surfbeat and non-hydrostatic modes. The XB-SB and XB-NH models can be run independent of each other or sequentially to leverage the strengths of both XBeach modes for a comprehensive simulation of wave dynamics, particularly in the context of swash zone (active beach area) processes and wave runup. The SB mode is computationally efficient and well-suited for capturing long-wave (infragravity) variations and their interactions with the shoreline, including morphodynamic change (erosion and sedimentation). The NH mode provides a detailed, wave-resolved simulation that includes individual wave overtopping. Models are set up in the cartesian coordinate system (Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) zone 4 N) and elevations are referenced to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88). Bed level data files of both the XB-SB and XB-NH models were populated using nearest grid-point mean TBDEM elevations, except in regions of breakwaters, constructed berms, and elevated roads, which were manually digitized to ensure that maximum elevations were accurately represented. Bed friction was populated using established Manning n values related to land-use map data (OCM 2025; Brunner 2024) but capped at a friction value of 0.028. Model setup was calibrated and validated against observation-based flood extents and surveyed high-water marks (NCDC 2019; Horen and others 2022, USGS, 2024). Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: TBDEM Process_Date: 20241101 Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster Raster_Object_Information: Raster_Object_Type: Pixel Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Planar: Grid_Coordinate_System: Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator Universal_Transverse_Mercator: UTM_Zone_Number: 4 Transverse_Mercator: Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.9996 Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -159.00000 Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.00000 False_Easting: 500000.0 False_Northing: 0.00 Planar_Coordinate_Information: Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: row and column Coordinate_Representation: Abscissa_Resolution: 0.55 Ordinate_Resolution: 0.8 Planar_Distance_Units: Meters Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: NAD83 Ellipsoid_Name: GRS 1980 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.00 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257222101 Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition: Depth_System_Definition: Depth_Datum_Name: North American Vertical Datum of 1988 Depth_Resolution: 0.01 Depth_Distance_Units: meters Depth_Encoding_Method: Implicit coordinate Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: 2D_XBeach_ModelInput_SB_Unalakleet.zip and 2D_XBeach_ModelInput_NH_Unalakleet.zip Entity_Type_Definition: One zip file for the surfbeat (SB) model and one for the non-hydrostatic (NH) model, each with sample time-series forcing data (stormtide.txt and jonswap.txt) and all necessary input files. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Producer defined Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: Model setup files include all files necessary to run XBeach model simulations first in surfbeat mode and then, after updating the change in bathymetry with the surfbeat output, in non-hydrostatic mode. To provide the user with an example, the boundary conditions (jonswap and stormtide files) are included here for a projected 100-year return period storm and a sea level rise of 0.50 mm. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: U.S. Geological Survey Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey - CMGDS Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 2885 Mission Street City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95060 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-427-4747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pcmsc_data@usgs.gov Resource_Description: These data are available as text files contained in two zip files accompanied by CSDGM FGDC-compliant metadata. Distribution_Liability: Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: text Format_Version_Date: 2025 Format_Information_Content: Zip file (2D_XBeach_ModelInput_SB_Unalakleet.zip) contains 11 model input files for the surfbeat model File_Decompression_Technique: WinZip Transfer_Size: 8.6 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P139S3GK Access_Instructions: Data can be downloaded using the Network_Resource_Name link then scrolling down to the Simulation Data section. Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: text Format_Version_Date: 2025 Format_Information_Content: Zip file (2D_XBeach_ModelInput_NH_Unalakleet.zip) contains 11 model input files for the non-hydrostatic model File_Decompression_Technique: WinZip Transfer_Size: 12.7 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P139S3GK Access_Instructions: Data can be downloaded using the Network_Resource_Name link then scrolling down to the Simulation Data section. Fees: None. Technical_Prerequisites: The text data can be viewed with any text reading software. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20250926 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Person: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 2885 Mission Street City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95060 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-427-4747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pcmsc_data@usgs.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998