Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Li H. Erikson Originator: Anita C. Engelstad Originator: Kees Nederhoff Originator: Alexander L. Nereson Originator: Ann E. Gibbs Originator: Dee M. Williams Originator: Maya K. Hayden Originator: Nicole Herman-Mercer Publication_Date: 20250912 Title: Velocity hazard projections at Elim, Alaska Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: GeoTIFF Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI: 10.5066/P143S6SG Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Alaska Climate Adaptation Science Center, Anchorage, AK Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P143S6SG Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Li H. Erikson Originator: Anita C. Engelstad Originator: Kees Nederhoff Originator: Alexander L. Nereson Originator: Ann E. Gibbs Originator: Dee M. Williams Originator: Maya K. Hayden Originator: Nicole Herman-Mercer Publication_Date: 2025 Title: CoSMoS-AK Modeled Flood and Erosion Hazards at Elim - Coastal Alaska Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI: 10.5066/P143S6SG Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Alaska Climate Adaptation Science Center, Anchorage, AK Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Other_Citation_Details: Suggested Citation: Erikson, L.H., Engelstad, A.C., Nederhoff, K., Nereson, A.L., Gibbs, A.E., Williams, D.M., Hayden, M.K., and Herman-Mercer, N., 2025, CoSMoS-AK Modeled Flood and Erosion Hazards at Elim - Coastal Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P143S6SG. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P143S6SG Description: Abstract: Velocity hazards (maximum depth times velocity) from compound coastal hazards—specifically sea-level rise (SLR) and projected coastal storms—are provided for Elim, Alaska. Velocity hazards are a measure of the velocity severity. Categories range from 0 (low hazard) to 4 (extreme hazard) following guidance from the Federal Emergency Management Agency (2020). These products are consistent with other data in this release (for example, flood extent and event-driven erosion; Erikson and others, 2025), supporting integrated coastal hazard assessments for Alaskan communities. The data are provided as gridded maps (GeoTIFFs) for 30 storm and SLR combinations (SLR scenarios 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 3.0 meters combined with 1-year, 10-year, 20-year, 50-year, and 100-year storm return periods). Purpose: This product was created to fulfill the Bureau-wide vision of an integrated, predictive science capability to support Alaska Native communities in building resiliency from natural disasters, sovereignty and self-determination, and emergency response and planning capacity. Supplemental_Information: Work was funded by US Geological Survey Climate Adaptation Science Center Project EN05ES9 and partly with funds from Title VII of Division N in the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023 (Public Law 117–328) to support direct recovery and rebuilding decisions in the wake of declared disasters related to hurricanes and typhoons in 2022. For more information on these efforts, see Projects - Climate Adaptation Science Centers and https://www.usgs.gov/supplemental-appropriations-for-disaster-recovery-activities/typhoon-merbok-coastal-community. For more information on coastal storm modeling, see https://www.usgs.gov/centers/pcmsc/science/coastal-storm-modeling-system-cosmos. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2025 Currentness_Reference: publication year Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -162.285098 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -162.228122 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 64.625831 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 64.601214 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier Theme_Keyword: USGS:fafd6a08-69af-448d-ab2b-c9e794d0c946 Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Data Categories for Marine Planning Theme_Keyword: Physical Habitats and Geomorphology Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Theme_Keyword: Hazards Planning Theme_Keyword: Ocean Waves Theme_Keyword: Ocean Winds Theme_Keyword: Beaches Theme_Keyword: Erosion Theme_Keyword: Sea Level Rise Theme_Keyword: Storm Surge Theme_Keyword: Extreme Weather Theme_Keyword: Water Depth Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: Climate Change Theme_Keyword: Storms Theme_Keyword: Wind Theme_Keyword: Floods Theme_Keyword: Sea-level Change Theme_Keyword: mathematical modeling Theme_Keyword: effects of climate change Theme_Keyword: earth sciences Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: Oceans Theme_Keyword: ClimatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Marine Realms Information Bank (MRIB) keywords Theme_Keyword: sea level change Theme_Keyword: waves Theme_Keyword: coastal erosion Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey Theme_Keyword: USGS Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program Theme_Keyword: CMHRP Theme_Keyword: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Theme_Keyword: PCMSC Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) Place_Keyword: State of Alaska Place_Keyword: Elim Access_Constraints: No access constraints Use_Constraints: USGS-authored or produced data and information are in the public domain from the U.S. Government and are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize and acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator of the dataset and in products derived from these data. This information is not intended for navigation purposes. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Person: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 2885 Mission Street City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95060 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-427-4747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pcmsc_data@usgs.gov Data_Set_Credit: Resources supporting this work were provided by USGS Advanced Research Computing (Falgout and others, 2024). The authors would like to acknowledge the following important contributions: Rich Buzard (formerly USGS, now Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, ANTHC), Dana Brown (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, NOAA), Amanda Stoltz (University of Delaware), Jacquelyn R Overbeck (ANTHC), Amber Deem (Kawerak, Inc.), Dave Kriebel, Sean McKnight (Kawerak, Inc.), City, Tribe and Corporation of Elim and Unalakleet, Scott Evans and Hina Kilioni, North Slope Burrough, Utqiagvik, and Harper Baldwind (NOAA-Affiliate). Native_Data_Set_Environment: The datasets were created in a Windows 11 Operating system, using Matlab v2024. Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: R.J. Haarsma Originator: M.J. Roberts Originator: P.L. Vidale Originator: C.A. Senior Originator: A. Bellucci Originator: Q. Bao Originator: P. Chang Originator: S. Corti Originator: N.S. Fučkar Originator: V. Guemas Originator: J. von Hardenberg Originator: W. Hazeleger Originator: C. Kodama Originator: T. Koenigk Originator: L. R. Leung Originator: J. Lu Originator: J.J. Luo Originator: J. Mao Originator: M.S. Mizielinski Originator: R. Mizuta Originator: P. Nobre Originator: M. Satoh Originator: E. Scoccimarro Originator: T. Semmler Originator: J. Small Originator: J.S. von Storch Publication_Date: 2016 Title: High resolution model intercomparison project (HighResMIP v1.0) for CMIP6 Other_Citation_Details: Haarsma, R.J., Roberts, M.J., Vidale, P.L., Senior, C.A., Bellucci, A., Bao, Q., Chang, P., Corti, S., Fučkar, N.S., Guemas, V., von Hardenberg, J., Hazeleger, W., Kodama, C., Koenigk, T., Leung, L. R., Lu, J., Luo, J. J., Mao, J., Mizielinski, M.S., Mizuta, R., Nobre, P., Satoh, M., Scoccimarro, E., Semmler, T., Small, J., and von Storch, J.S., 2016, High Resolution Model Intercomparison Project (HighResMIP v1.0) for CMIP6: Geoscientific Model Development, vol. 9, p. 4185–4208, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-4185-2016, 2016. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-4185-2016 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Anita C Engelstad Originator: Li H Erikson Originator: Borja G Reguero Originator: Ann E Gibbs Originator: Kees Nederhoff Publication_Date: 2024 Title: Database and Time Series of Nearshore Waves Along the Alaskan Coast from the United States-Canada Border to the Bering Sea Other_Citation_Details: Engelstad, A.C., Erikson, L.H., Reguero, B.G., Gibbs, A.E., and Nederhoff, K., 2024, Database and time series of nearshore waves along the Alaskan coast from the United States-Canada border to the Bering Sea: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2023–1094, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231094. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231094 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: J.T. Falgout Originator: J. Gordon Originator: B. Williams Originator: M.J. Davis Publication_Date: 2024 Title: USGS Advanced Research Computing, USGS Denali Supercomputer. Other_Citation_Details: Falgout, J.T., Gordon J., Williams B., Davis M. J., USGS Advanced Research Computing, USGS Denali Supercomputer: U.S. Geological Survey, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9PSW367 Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9PSW367 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Publication_Date: 2020 Title: Flood Depth and Analysis Rasters Other_Citation_Details: FEMA, 2020, Flood Depth and Analysis Rasters, Guidance Document 14, https://www.fema.gov/sites/default/files/documents/fema_flood-depth-and-analysis-guidance.pdf Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: A.C. O'Neill Originator: L.H. Erikson Originator: P.L. Barnard Originator: P.W. Limber Originator: S. Vitousek Originator: J. Warrick Originator: A.C. Foxgrover Originator: J.L. Lovering Publication_Date: 2018 Title: Projected 21st Century Coastal Flooding in the Southern California Bight. Part 1: Development of the Third Generation CoSMoS Model Other_Citation_Details: O'Neill, A.C., Erikson, L.H., Barnard, P.L., Limber, P.W., Vitousek, S., Warrick, J.A., Foxgrover, A.C., Lovering, J., 2018, Projected 21st Century Coastal Flooding in the Southern California Bight. Part 1: Development of the Third Generation CoSMoS Model: Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, vol. 6, art. 59, https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse6020059. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse6020059 Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: Attribute values are model-derived water depths due to plausible sea-level rise and future storm conditions and therefore cannot be validated against observations. The projections were generated using the latest downscaled climate projections from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). Logical_Consistency_Report: Data have undergone quality checks and meet standards. Completeness_Report: Dataset is considered complete for the information presented. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Data are concurrent with topobathymetric DEM locations. Vertical_Positional_Accuracy: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Model-derived data are accurate within published uncertainty bounds, indicative of total uncertainty from elevation data sources, model processes, and vertical land motion. This value is spatially variable and dependent on scenario (return period plus sea level rise). See Process Steps for details on total contributions to uncertainty. Lineage: Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Anita C. Engelstad Originator: Li H. Erikson Originator: Borja G. Reguero Originator: Ann E. Gibbs Originator: Kees M. Nederhoff Publication_Date: 2024 Title: Nearshore wave time-series along the coast of Alaska computed with a numerical wave model (ver. 2.0, November 2024) Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: NetCDF Publication_Information: Publication_Place: online Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P931CSO9 Type_of_Source_Media: online database Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2024 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: downscaled wave data Source_Contribution: downscaled wave data Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Li H. Erikson Originator: Liv Herdman Originator: Chris Flanary Originator: Anita C. Engelstad Originator: Prasad Pusuluri Originator: Patrick L. Barnard Originator: Curt D. Storlazzi Originator: Michael Beck Originator: Borja G. Reguero Originator: Kai A. Parker Publication_Date: 2022 Title: Ocean wave time-series data simulated with a global-scale numerical wave model under the influence historical and projectedCMIP6 wind and sea ice fields (ver. 2.0, October 2024), Edition: 2.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: NetCDF Publication_Information: Publication_Place: online Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9KR0RFM Type_of_Source_Media: online database Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2022 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: CMIP6 Source_Contribution: projected wave data Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Kees M. Nederhoff Originator: Li H. Erikson Originator: Anita C. Engelstad Publication_Date: 2025 Title: Flood and erosion hazard model Elim, Alaska Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: text files Publication_Information: Publication_Place: online Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P143S6SG Type_of_Source_Media: online database Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2025 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: XBeach model Source_Contribution: XBeach model Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Alexander L. Nereson Originator: Ann E. Gibbs Originator: Li H. Erikson Publication_Date: 2025 Title: Topobathymetric digital elevation models – coastal Alaska Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: GeoTIFF Publication_Information: Publication_Place: online Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P13BXTXV Type_of_Source_Media: online database Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2025 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: TBDEM Source_Contribution: Topographic and bathymetry elevation data used in models Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Manoocher Shirzaei Originator: Li H. Erikson Publication_Date: 2025 Title: Vertical land motion rates for the years 2007 to 2021 - Coastal Alaska Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: comma-delimited text Publication_Information: Publication_Place: online Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P931CSO9 Type_of_Source_Media: online database Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2025 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: VLM Source_Contribution: vertical land motion rates Process_Step: Process_Description: Individual surfbeat and non-hydrostatic 2D XBeach models were stood up and tested against known past storm events (models can be found in this release). Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: TBDEM Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: XBeach model Process_Date: 20230201 Process_Step: Process_Description: A set of extreme water level and wave conditions was identified at the approximate open boundaries of each 2D XBeach model. These extreme conditions were derived using wind, atmospheric pressure, and sea ice fields from high-resolution global climate models (GCMs) as forcing inputs to wave and hydrodynamic models. The dynamic downscaling process is described in Erikson and others (2022) and the manuscript of Engelstad and others (2024). Extreme value statistics for 1-, 10-, 20-, 50-, and 100-year return period coastal storms were calculated from both historical (1979–2015) and future projection (2020–2050) GCM runs. The percent change between historical and projected extremes was then computed and applied to similar statistics derived from model runs forced by ERA5 reanalysis wind, pressure, and sea ice data (1979-2022). Percent changes were calculated from the ensemble mean of four GCM simulations: CMCC-CM2-VHR4-r1i1p1f1_gn, CNRM-CM6-1-HR-r1i1p1f2, EC-Earth3P-HR- r1i1p2f1_gr, and HadGEM3-GC31-HM_highresSST-future_r1i1p1f1_gn. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: CMIP6 Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: downscaled wave data Process_Date: 20241101 Process_Step: Process_Description: 2DXBeach production runs: All scenario simulations were done in a two-staged approach whereby XBeach was first run in the surfbeat mode (XB-SB), bed level changes interpolated onto the non-hydrostatic (XB-NH) model grid, and the latter model run. This two-stage approach leverages the strengths of both XBeach modes for a comprehensive simulation of wave dynamics, particularly in the context of swash zone (active beach area) processes and wave runup. The SB mode is computationally efficient and well-suited for capturing long-wave (infragravity) variations and their interactions with the shoreline, including morphodynamic change (erosion and sedimentation). The NH mode provides a detailed, wave-resolved simulation that includes individual wave overtopping. Ran each of the 2DXBeach SB models 30 times for all combinations of 6 SLR scenarios and the 1-, 10-, 20-, 50-, and 100-year return period water level and wave extremes. Interpolated the final bed elevations onto the 2DXBeach NH model grids and ran each of the 2DXBeach NH models 36 times for all combinations of SLR and storms plus the no storm condition. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: XBeach model Process_Date: 20250301 Process_Step: Process_Description: Post-process and finalize data products: All simulation data were downloaded from the USGS Advanced Research Computing Center’s Hovenweep Supercomputer and post-processed to extract maximum water levels at each grid point over the entire simulation and subsequently interpolated onto the finer resolution (1m x 1m) digital elevation mesh. Interpolations were done using The Mathworks MATLAB linear scatteredinterpolant function which in turn uses a Delaunay triangulation algorithm of the sample points. Significant wave height, erosion and sedimentation, and the velocity-depth product were similarly processed. Maximum water elevation surfaces were depth-differenced to the DEM to separate low-lying vulnerable areas from contiguous coastal flooding. Other output data (water elevation, maximum depth x velocity, sedimentation/erosion, and maximum wave heights) were clipped to the same final flood hazard extent. Additionally, all data below the mean higher high-water line (MHHW) were removed from flood depth projections. Flood potentials (maximum and minimum flood uncertainty) were derived by adding/subtracting estimated model error, DEM uncertainty, 95th percent confidence intervals of the storm event water level, and projected vertical land motion (VLM) for a given SLR to the respective water elevation surface. See O'Neill and others (2018) for a similar approach. Velocity hazard GeoTIFFs were created for all combinations of six SLRs (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 3.0 m) and 5 storms (1-year, 10-year, 20-year, 50-year, and 100-year return period coastal events), for a total of 30 scenarios. Final GeoTIFFs were separated by community (Velocity_hazard_projections-Elim.zip). Data are organized by storm scenario ('RP') and SLR amount. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: VLM Process_Date: 20250530 Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster Raster_Object_Information: Raster_Object_Type: Pixel Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Planar: Grid_Coordinate_System: Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator Universal_Transverse_Mercator: UTM_Zone_Number: 4 Transverse_Mercator: Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.9996 Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -159.00000 Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.00000 False_Easting: 500000.0 False_Northing: 0.00 Planar_Coordinate_Information: Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: row and column Coordinate_Representation: Abscissa_Resolution: 1 Ordinate_Resolution: 1 Planar_Distance_Units: Meters Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: NAD83 Ellipsoid_Name: GRS 1980 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.00 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257222101 Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition: Depth_System_Definition: Depth_Datum_Name: North American Vertical Datum of 1988 Depth_Resolution: 0.01 Depth_Distance_Units: meters Depth_Encoding_Method: Implicit coordinate Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: velocity hazard projections (Velocity_hazard_projections-Elim.zip) Entity_Type_Definition: GeoTIFF files contain projections of the velocity_hazard_projections Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute: Attribute_Label: velocity hazard Attribute_Definition: velocity severity categories (0 indicates low hazard, 4 indicates extreme hazard) associated with corresponding flood extent of indicated sea-level rise (SLR) and return period (RP) Attribute_Definition_Source: model-derived Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0 Range_Domain_Maximum: 4 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: none Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1 Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: The data contain velocity hazards (maximum depth x velocity with coincident flood hazards) and are organized by return periods. Return periods include statistical once-a-year storms (rp001), every 10 (rp10), every 20 (rp20) and every 100 years (rp100) storms. File names reflect the geographic area of the projection (community, here Elim), the attribute, here velocity hazard (velHzrd), the sea-level rise (slr) scenario, and the return period (rp) of storm conditions. SLR scenarios are listed in centimeters and range from no SLR (slr000) to a SLR of 300 cm (slr300). For example, Elim_velHzrd _slr200_rp100 contains velocity hazards for a sea level rise of 200 cm (2 m) during a projected hundred-year storm in Elim, Alaska. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: U.S. Geological Survey Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey - CMGDS Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 2885 Mission Street City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95060 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-427-4747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pcmsc_data@usgs.gov Resource_Description: These data are available in GeoTIFF format contained in a single zip file with a filename of “Velocity_hazard_projections-Elim.zip” accompanied by CSDGM FGDC-compliant metadata. Distribution_Liability: Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: GeoTIFF Format_Information_Content: Zip file contains GeoTIFF files for Elim, AK File_Decompression_Technique: WinZip Transfer_Size: 8.3 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P143S6SG Access_Instructions: Data can be downloaded using the Network_Resource_Name link then scrolling down to the Simulation Data section. Fees: None. Technical_Prerequisites: These data can be viewed with ArcGIS or other spatial analysis software. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20250912 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Person: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 2885 Mission Street City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95060 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-427-4747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pcmsc_data@usgs.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998