Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Andrew W. Stevens Originator: Jonathan A. Warrick Originator: Babak Tehranirad Publication_Date: 20250423 Title: Simulated coastal fine-grained sediment plumes from beach nourishment near Santa Barbara, California Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: various Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/P17SJQM3 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, California Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P17SJQM3 Description: Abstract: A coupled coastal hydrodynamic and sediment transport model application was constructed using the Delft3D (version 4.04.01) modeling system to simulate dispersal of fine-grained sediment plumes from beach nourishment projects along the coast of Santa Barbara, California. The model consisted of a three-dimensional Delft3D flow model that was 2-way coupled to the spectral wave model, SWAN, computed on a structured curvilinear grid with a spatial resolution that varied between 20 m in the nearshore area near the project site to about 180 m at the seaward extent of the model domain. Dispersal of fine-grained sediment plumes was simulated for two types of nourishment projects including drag and haul (DH) and hydraulic dredging (HD) that are periodically performed to increase the supply of sediment to beaches in the study area. The modeling approach utilized two types of simulations including a series of relatively short (3-day) sensitivity tests to examine variability in plume direction and extent under variations in wind direction, wave height, and sediment settling velocities as well as longer (3 month) hindcasts to simulate sediment dynamics associated with typical nourishment projects using realistic wave and wind conditions. Model input files for both drag and haul (DH) and hydraulic dredging (HD) projects are provided in .zip archives for both sensitivity and hindcast simulations. Purpose: The hydrodynamic and sediment transport model was constructed to examine the size and extent of suspended-sediment coastal plumes produced by beach nourishment projects with sediment containing significant fine-grained (silt and clay) fractions near Santa Barbara, California. The purpose of this data release is to provide researchers, engineers, and other potential users with model input files that can be used to run the hydrodynamic and sediment transport model using the Delft3D modeling system. Supplemental_Information: Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20140101 Ending_Date: 20140401 Currentness_Reference: ground condition at time data were collected Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None Planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -119.962397 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -119.709420 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 34.440484 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 34.333008 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier Theme_Keyword: USGS:cb52f044-61e0-48f1-bb43-484ef961b7a1 Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Data Categories for Marine Planning Theme_Keyword: Predictions Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: mathematical simulation Theme_Keyword: ocean waves Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Marine Realms Information Bank (MRIB) keywords Theme_Keyword: numerical modeling Theme_Keyword: waves Theme_Keyword: coastal processes Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey Theme_Keyword: USGS Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program Theme_Keyword: CMHRP Theme_Keyword: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Theme_Keyword: PCMSC Theme_Keyword: Delft3D Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) Place_Keyword: Pacific Ocean Place_Keyword: Santa Barbara Channel Place_Keyword: Goleta Place_Keyword: State of California Access_Constraints: no access constraints Use_Constraints: USGS-authored or produced data and information are in the public domain from the U.S. Government and are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize and acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator(s) of the dataset and in products derived from these data. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 2885 Mission Street City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95060-5792 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-427-4747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pcmsc_data@usgs.gov Native_Data_Set_Environment: Microsoft Windows 11 running Delft3D Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Deltares Publication_Date: 2024 Title: Delft3D-FLOW User Manual (version 4.05) Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Delft, Netherlands Publisher: Deltares Online_Linkage: https://content.oss.deltares.nl/delft3d4/Delft3D-FLOW_User_Manual.pdf Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Tyler, D.J. Originator: Danielson, J.J. Publication_Date: 2018 Title: Topobathymetric Model for the Southern Coast of California and the Channel Islands, 1930 to 2014 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, Virginia Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9UZIYI8 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Egbert, G.D. Originator: Erofeeva, S.Y. Publication_Date: 2002 Title: Efficient inverse modeling of barotropic ocean tides Publication_Information: Publication_Place: American Meteorological Society, Boston MA Publisher: Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, v. 19, p. 183-204 Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0426(2002)019<0183:EIMOBO>2.0.CO;2 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Booij, N. Originator: Ris, R.C. Originator: Holthuijsen, L.H. Publication_Date: 1999 Title: A Third generation Wave Model for Coastal Regions: 1. Model Description and Validation Publication_Information: Publication_Place: American Geophysical Union, Washington DC Publisher: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 104 (C4): 7649–66 Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1029/98JC02622 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: G.J. Komen Originator: S. Hasselmann Originator: K. Hasselmann Publication_Date: 1984 Title: On the Existence of a Fully Developed Wind-Sea Spectrum Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(1984)014<1271:OTEOAF>2.0.CO;2 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: J. Battjes Originator: J. Janssen Publication_Date: 1978 Title: Energy loss and setup due to breaking of random waves. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.9753/icce.v16.32 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: van Rijn, L.C. Originator: van der Kaay, T. Originator: Nap, E. Originator: van Kampen, A. Publication_Date: 1993 Title: Transport of Fine Sands by Currents and Waves Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-950X(1993)119:2(123) Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Partheniades, E. Publication_Date: 1965 Title: Erosion and Deposition of Cohesive Soils Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1061/JYCEAJ.0001165 Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: No formal attribute accuracy tests were conducted. Logical_Consistency_Report: All data falls within expected ranges. Completeness_Report: Dataset is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the metadata for each part of this data release carefully for additional details. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: A formal accuracy assessment of the horizontal positional information in the data set has either not been conducted or is not applicable. Vertical_Positional_Accuracy: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: A formal accuracy assessment of the vertical positional information in the data set has either not been conducted or is not applicable. Lineage: Process_Step: Process_Description: The hydrodynamic and sediment transport model was applied using the Delft3D modeling system (Deltares, 2024) to simulate fine-grained coastal sediment plumes from beach nourishment projects along the southern California coastline near Santa Barbara. The computational model domain consisted of a structured, orthogonal curvilinear grid with an alongshore extent of 22 km and cross-shore extent of 7 km that was incorporated into the project area. The resolution of the grid varied with maximum resolution of 20 m in the nearshore area near the project site to about 180 m at the seaward extent of the model domain. The bathymetry of the model was based on a high resolution (1 m) bathymetric and topographic digital elevation model developed by the USGS Coastal National Elevation Database (CoNED) project (Tyler and Danielson, 2018). The offshore oceanic boundary was forced with astronomic tidal constituents derived from the TPXO 7.2 global tide model (Egbert and Erofeeva, 2002) and lateral open boundaries were defined as zero-velocity Neumann boundaries, which result in no alongshore water level gradients. A static vertical offset of 0.81 m was added to the water levels on the model boundaries to account for the local difference between the vertical datum of the elevation data (North American Vertical Datum of 1988) and local mean sea level based on published tidal datums at NOAA site 9411340 (Santa Barbara). A uniform water density of 1025 kg/m3 was used throughout the model domain and the effects of temperature and salinity variations on circulation were neglected in the present model application. The model included 10 equidistant vertical sigma layers to account for 3D effects, including variations in sediment concentration through the water column. A uniform Chezy roughness of 65 m^(1/2)/s was applied throughout the model domain. The governing equations for the model were solved at 7.5 s intervals and output was requested at hourly intervals for every computational grid point. Process_Date: 20230201 Process_Step: Process_Description: The hydrodynamic and sediment transport model was 2-way coupled to the spectral wave model, SWAN (Booij, Ris, and Holthuijsen, 1999) to simulate wave transformation between the Santa Barbara channel and shoreline using the same curvilinear grid as the flow model. Wave energy was discretized into 24 frequency bins between 0.05 and 1 Hz and 36 directional bins between 0 and 360 degrees. Open boundaries of the wave model were forced with spatially uniform wave parameters fitted with a Jonswap distribution. For hindcast simulations, time-varying boundary conditions were derived from wave observations at NDBC buoy 46053. Wind growth and white capping were based on parameterizations of the energy transfer equations (Komen, Hasselmann, and Hasselmann 1984). Spatially uniform, temporally varying wind forcing based on observations made at NOAA Station 9411340 were applied to the free surface in the hindcast simulations. The JONSWAP bottom friction model with a coefficient of 0.067 m2s-3 and wave breaking based on Battjes and Janssen (1978) with default settings (alpha = 1, gamma =0.73) were used. Convergence criteria were set to 98 percent of cells and a maximum of 15 iterations during the stationary wave simulations. The wave- and flow-models were coupled at hourly intervals. Process_Date: 20230202 Process_Step: Process_Description: Sediment nourishments were added to the model domain within a polygon that was approximately 250 m alongshore and 65 m across shore at elevations between -1.9 and -3.6 m. Two sediment fractions were included in all simulations: (i) a non-cohesive sand with a median diameter of 0.2 mm to represent native beach, shallow nearshore areas, and the coarse-grained fraction of the nourishment sediment, and (ii) a cohesive sediment to represent the fine-grained sediment of the nourishment sediment. All nourishment sediment added in the simulations was composed of 90 percent non-cohesive sand identical to the native sediment and 10 percent fine-grained, cohesive sediment. Transport of the non-cohesive sediment fraction was determined using the Van Rijn and others (1993) transport formula using default settings. Transport of the cohesive sediment was computed with the advection-diffusion solver, and the linear erosion model of Partheniades (1965) was used simulate erosion of cohesive sediment from the seabed. The properties of the cohesive sediment included a settling velocity of 0.25 mm/s, erosion rate coefficient of 0.0025 kg/m2/s, and critical shear stress for erosion of 0.1 Pa. Placement of sediment nourishments for both hydraulic dredging and drag and haul projects were based on real-world project conditions that control sediment placement rates. For both placement types, the rate of sediment delivery was similar with delivery rates of 1840 m3/d and 2070 m3/d for hydraulic dredge and drag and haul placement, respectively. The main difference between the two sediment placement types was that drag and haul was only active for 8 hr/d, while hydraulic placement operations were held constant day and night. This resulted in shorter overall project durations from hydraulic dredge projects for the same volume of sediment. The hindcasts provided in this data release simulated placement and dispersal of a moderate-sized nourishment project, 38,000 m3 (50,000 cubic yards), between January 1 and March 26, 2014, to characterize a typical nourishment project that would result in several weeks of placement operations and experience a range of environmental conditions. Sensitivity models simulate a 3-day period and include nourishments of approximately 1,400 m3 (1,830 cubic yards). The drag and haul scenario delivers the nourishment sediment between 0800 and 1600 hours for the first two days of the simulation while the hydraulic dredging scenario introduces the nourishment over 18 consecutive hours starting 8 hours after the start of the simulation. Process_Date: 20230203 Process_Step: Process_Description: Files needed to run the hydrodynamic and sediment transport models using the Delft3D modeling system were compiled into compressed archives for distribution. Process_Date: 20241031 Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Indirect_Spatial_Reference: Data were generated within a numerical model scheme. Refer to the model input files for location information. Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Planar: Grid_Coordinate_System: Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator Universal_Transverse_Mercator: UTM_Zone_Number: 10 Transverse_Mercator: Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.9996 Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -117.0 Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.0 False_Easting: 500000.0 False_Northing: 0.0 Planar_Coordinate_Information: Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: row and column Coordinate_Representation: Abscissa_Resolution: 20 Ordinate_Resolution: 20 Planar_Distance_Units: Meter Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: D_North_American_1983 Ellipsoid_Name: GRS_1980 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.0 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257222101 Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition: Altitude_System_Definition: Altitude_Datum_Name: North American Vertical Datum of 1988 Altitude_Resolution: 0.01 Altitude_Distance_Units: meters Altitude_Encoding_Method: Explicit elevation coordinate included with horizontal coordinates Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: Model inputs for hydrodynamic and sediment transport models to simulate fine-grained sediment plumes from beach nourishment projects along the coastline near Santa Barbara, CA run using the Delft3D modeling system. Delft3D can be obtained from: https://oss.deltares.nl/. The model input files for each simulation are compressed into separate zip archives. The file names denote the type of beach nourishment project and type of simulation included in the zip archives according to the following scheme: "sb_plume_XXXX_YY.zip", where XXXX denotes whether the simulation and is a "sensitivity" or "hindcast" run and YY denotes the type of nourishment project included in the simulation; "HD" = hydraulic dredging and "DH" = drag and haul. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: See Deltares (2024) for descriptions of the formats and entity information for files contained in the .zip archive. Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey - Coastal and Marine Geoscience Data System Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address Address: 2885 Mission Street City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95060 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-427-4747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pcmsc_data@usgs.gov Resource_Description: Model input files compatible with windows executable of Delft3D version 4.04.01 are provided in the zip archives. Two types of simulations (sensitivity and hindcast) and two types of sediment placement techniques (hydraulic dredging [HD] and drag and haul [DH]) are included in the .zip archives. Sensitivity runs simulate a 3-day time period with constant wave- and wind-conditions while hindcasts simulate between January 1 and March 26, 2014, using realistic forcing conditions associated with typical nourishment projects. A browse graphic showing an example wave calculation of fine-grained sediment concentration is provided along with associated metadata. Distribution_Liability: Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: various Format_Version_Number: Delft3D-FLOW 4.04.01 Format_Information_Content: zipped file folders containing model input files for hydrodynamic and sediment transport model run using Delft3D version 4.04.01 File_Decompression_Technique: zip Transfer_Size: 7.8 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P1R9REKP Access_Instructions: Data may be accessed and downloaded via the Internet by using the Network_Resource_Name link and scrolling to the Simulation Data section. Fees: None Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20250423 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 2885 Mission Street City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95060 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-427-4747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pcmsc_data@usgs.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998