Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Gerald A. Hatcher Originator: Andrew W. Stevens Originator: Peter Dal Ferro Publication_Date: 20230808 Title: In situ seafloor images from the lower Columbia River, Washington and Oregon, 2021 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: comma-delimited text Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/10.5066/P92U1KPY Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, California Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P92U1KPY Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Andrew W. Stevens Originator: Gerald A. Hatcher Originator: Peter Dal Ferro Originator: Peter Dartnell Originator: Jonathan A. Warrick Originator: Nicholas Cohn Originator: Hans R. Moritz Publication_Date: 2023 Title: Digital seafloor images, sediment grain size, bathymetry, and water velocity data from the lower Columbia River, Washington and Oregon, 2021 Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/P92U1KPY Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, CA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Other_Citation_Details: Suggested Citation: Suggested Citation: Stevens, A.W., Hatcher, G.A., Dal Ferro, P., Warrick, J.A., Cohn, N., and Moritz, H.R., 2023, Digital seafloor images, sediment grain size, bathymetry, and water velocity data from the lower Columbia River, Washington and Oregon, 2021: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P92U1KPY. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P92U1KPY Description: Abstract: In situ seafloor images were acquired at four sites (SKM, SLG, LDB, WLW) in the lower Columbia River, Washington and Oregon, with an underwater camera system between June 5 and June 8, 2021. Between 248 and 427 digital images of the sediment surface were collected at each site with an underwater camera system that was repeatedly lowered to the seabed along a series of 1 km-long transects oriented along the main navigation channel and spaced about 60 m apart. The camera consisted of a FLIR Blackfly BFS-PGE-50S5 camera and 50 mm lens in a waterproof housing that resulted in a field of view of approximately 17 mm and a resolution of 0.00657 mm per pixel when the housing window was flush with the sediment surface. The imagery is provided in .tif format and compressed into .zip archives for each site. Images used for calibration of the automated processing algorithm to determine sediment grain size distributions were different than those used to validate the technique and were provided in separate .zip archives. Purpose: Growth of subaqueous sand dunes commonly causes shoaling in engineered river channels that necessitates costly dredging to maintain adequate depths for navigation. The factors that result in sand wave growth are theoretically understood from laboratory experiments, but the capacity to predict sand wave geometries in field settings is limited due to temporal and spatial variability in hydrodynamics and sediment grain size. Detailed measurements of sand wave geometries, hydrodynamics, and grain size are therefore needed to test and improve numerical models and inform efficient management strategies in navigation channels. This data release presents surface sediment grain size distributions, bathymetry and seafloor acoustic backscatter, and water velocity data acquired at four sites with subaqueous sand dunes in the lower Columbia River, Washington and Oregon, between June 4 and June 9, 2021. The four sites were located between 65 km and 127 km upstream from the ocean inlet along a gradient of relative tidal and fluvial influence. The survey was performed during peak annual river discharge when sediment transport processes were likely active. High resolution digital images were collected at each site with an underwater camera system that was repeatedly lowered to the seabed along a series of 1 km-long transects oriented along the main navigation channel and spaced about 60 m apart. The grain size distributions of the seabed images were estimated using an automated image processing technique and tested with observed grain size distributions derived from manual measurements on a subset of 16 images. Swath bathymetry and seafloor acoustic backscatter data were collected repeatedly at each site using a 234.5 kHz phase-differencing sidescan sonar to characterize sand wave geometry and bathymetric change resulting from sand wave migration. Current velocity data were collected from an underway survey vessel equipped with a downward looking 600 kHz ADCP along transects oriented both along- and across the main navigation channel. Combined, these data provide a comprehensive characterization of mobile subaqueous sand dunes that can be used to improve predictions of dune growth in complicated field settings and inform efficient sediment management practices in the lower Columbia River. Supplemental_Information: Additional information about the field activity or activities from which these data were derived is available online at: https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2021-621-FA Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20210605 Ending_Date: 20210608 Currentness_Reference: ground condition at time data were collected Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -123.442574 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -122.762951 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 46.250242 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 45.712673 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier Theme_Keyword: USGS:683b0b15-bdf4-45a1-88b1-82af467d8672 Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Data Categories for Marine Planning Theme_Keyword: Substrate Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: ocean processes Theme_Keyword: sediment transport Theme_Keyword: grain-size analysis Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Marine Realms Information Bank (MRIB) keywords Theme_Keyword: sediment Theme_Keyword: Global Positioning System (GPS) observations Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey Theme_Keyword: USGS Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program Theme_Keyword: CMHRP Theme_Keyword: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Theme_Keyword: PCMSC Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) Place_Keyword: Columbia River Place_Keyword: State of Washington Place_Keyword: State of Oregon Access_Constraints: None Use_Constraints: USGS-authored or produced data and information are in the public domain from the U.S. Government and are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize and acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator(s) of the dataset and in products derived from these data. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Person: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 2885 Mission Street City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95060 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-427-4747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pcmsc_data@usgs.gov Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: eyeball_field_data.png Browse_Graphic_File_Description: Photographs showing equipment used to acquire seafloor images and example images collected with the camera system Browse_Graphic_File_Type: PNG Native_Data_Set_Environment: MATLAB Version: 9.13.0.2080170 (R2022b) Update 1 Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: Information about the acquisition times and positions is recorded to the image metadata (EXIF) header for each image. The positions of the images were determined using an Applanix POSMV Wavemaster operating in DGNSS mode. A shipboard computer running a custom software was used to view and record images from the camera and record the positions from the POSMV resulting in a log file that contained the image file name, acquisition time, and position of the survey vessel at the time of image acquisition. The positions and times in the log file were later written to the EXIF header of each image using the command-line 'exiftool' software. The positions stored in the EXIF are in the WGS84 (G1150) coordinate reference system and times are all in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). Logical_Consistency_Report: No formal logical accuracy tests were conducted. Completeness_Report: Dataset is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: The locations of each seafloor image collected were determined using an Applanix POSMV Wavemaster operating in DGNSS mode. Manufacturer reported accuracy of the horizontal positions while operating in DGNSS mode is between 0.5 and 2 m depending on the quality of the DGNSS corrections received (https://www.applanix.com/downloads/products/specs/posmv/POS-MV-WaveMaster-II.pdf). Additional uncertainty in the horizontal positions of the images due to instrument layback, or non-vertical wire angle between surface vessel and camera at the seafloor, is unknown but assumed to be minimal because of the weight of the camera and slow speed of the vessel relative to the ambient currents during image acquisition. Lineage: Process_Step: Process_Description: High resolution spatial surveys were performed between June 5 and 8, 2021 to quantify surface sediment grain size distributions of mobile subaqueous dunes at four sites in the lower Columbia River, Washington and Oregon. At each site, digital images of the sediment surface were collected with an underwater camera system that was repeatedly lowered to the seabed along a series of 1 km-long transects oriented along the main navigation channel and spaced about 60 m apart. The camera consisted of a FLIR Blackfly BFS-PGE-50S5 camera and 50 mm lens in a waterproof housing that resulted in a field of view of approximately 17 mm and a resolution of 0.00657 mm per pixel when the housing window was flush with the sediment surface. An ethernet cable between the survey vessel and camera provided power to the camera and allowed for real-time viewing of the seafloor imagery on a computer during acquisition. The locations of each seafloor image were determined using an Applanix POSMV Wavemaster global navigation satellite system receiver operating in DGNSS mode. Process_Date: 20210608 Process_Step: Process_Description: Imagery were inspected to remove images that were not suitable for analysis, including blurry images and replicate images. Clear images of the seabed were subjectively classified into three groups including those that were suitable for automated grain size analysis, those that were too coarse (too few grains in the image), and those that were too fine (individual grains not visible) for analysis. The images that were too coarse or too fine for detailed quantitative analysis were retained for the qualitative information contained. Process_Date: 20221213 Process_Step: Process_Description: Images were organized by site zipped for distribution. The sites include Skamokawa (dgs_images_slg.zip), Slaughters Bar (dgs_images_skm.zip), Lower Dobelbower (dgs_images_ldb.zip), and Willow Bar (dgs_images_wlw.zip). Additional zip files are provided that include the images used for calibration (dgs_images_calibration.zip) and validation (dgs_images_validation.zip) of the automated image processing techniques to quantify grain size distributions in the imagery. Process_Date: 20230315 Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster Raster_Object_Information: Raster_Object_Type: Pixel Row_Count: 2048 Column_Count: 2448 Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Geographic: Latitude_Resolution: 0.000001 Longitude_Resolution: 0.000001 Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal degrees Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: WGS_1984 Ellipsoid_Name: WGS_1984 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.0 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257223563 Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: There are no additional attributes besides the tags described in data quality section associated with these images. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: USGS Field Activity 2021-621-FA Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey - CMGDS Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 2885 Mission Street City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95060 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1-831-427-4747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pcmsc_data@usgs.gov Resource_Description: The seafloor images from four sites conducted during the survey are available in TIFF format. The images from each site (SKM, SLG, LDB, WLW) as well as images used for calibration and validation of the automated processing technique used to determine the sediment grain size distributions of each image are combined into a zip file with the site identifier in the file name. Distribution_Liability: Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: TIFF Format_Version_Number: MATLAB Version: 9.13.0.2080170 (R2022b) Format_Information_Content: Zipped files contain geotagged seafloor images collected for calibration of the image processing technique. File_Decompression_Technique: WinZip, 7zip, Peazip or pkUnzip Transfer_Size: 198.3 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P92U1KPY Access_Instructions: Data and metadata can be downloaded using the Network_Resource_Name link and scrolling down to the Other Imagery section. Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: TIFF Format_Version_Number: MATLAB Version: 9.13.0.2080170 (R2022b) Format_Information_Content: Zipped files contain geotagged seafloor images collected from the Lower Dobelbower (LDB) site. File_Decompression_Technique: WinZip, 7zip, Peazip or pkUnzip Transfer_Size: 4400.0 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P92U1KPY Access_Instructions: Data and metadata can be downloaded using the Network_Resource_Name link and scrolling down to the Other Imagery section. Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: TIFF Format_Version_Number: MATLAB Version: 9.13.0.2080170 (R2022b) Format_Information_Content: Zipped files contain geotagged seafloor images collected from the Skamokawa (SKM) site. File_Decompression_Technique: WinZip, 7zip, Peazip or pkUnzip Transfer_Size: 4600.0 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P92U1KPY Access_Instructions: Data and metadata can be downloaded using the Network_Resource_Name link and scrolling down to the Other Imagery section. Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: TIFF Format_Version_Number: MATLAB Version: 9.13.0.2080170 (R2022b) Format_Information_Content: Zipped files contain geotagged seafloor images collected from the Slaughters Bar (SLG) site. File_Decompression_Technique: WinZip, 7zip, Peazip or pkUnzip Transfer_Size: 3200.0 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P92U1KPY Access_Instructions: Data and metadata can be downloaded using the Network_Resource_Name link and scrolling down to the Other Imagery section. Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: TIFF Format_Version_Number: MATLAB Version: 9.13.0.2080170 (R2022b) Format_Information_Content: Zipped files contain geotagged seafloor images collected for validation of the image processing technique. File_Decompression_Technique: WinZip, 7zip, Peazip or pkUnzip Transfer_Size: 199.0 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P92U1KPY Access_Instructions: Data and metadata can be downloaded using the Network_Resource_Name link and scrolling down to the Other Imagery section. Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: TIFF Format_Version_Number: MATLAB Version: 9.13.0.2080170 (R2022b) Format_Information_Content: Zipped files contain geotagged seafloor images collected from the Willow Bar (WLW) site. File_Decompression_Technique: WinZip, 7zip, Peazip or pkUnzip Transfer_Size: 5400.0 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P92U1KPY Access_Instructions: Data and metadata can be downloaded using the Network_Resource_Name link and scrolling down to the Other Imagery section. Fees: None. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20230808 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Person: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 2885 Mission Street City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95060 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-427-4747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pcmsc_data@usgs.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998