Surface sediment grain size distributions derived from manual point counts of in situ seafloor images from the lower Columbia River, Washington and Oregon, 2021

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Frequently anticipated questions:

What does this data set describe?

Title:
Surface sediment grain size distributions derived from manual point counts of in situ seafloor images from the lower Columbia River, Washington and Oregon, 2021
Abstract:
This dataset contains surface sediment grain size distributions derived from manual point counts of in situ seafloor images obtained with an underwater camera system in the lower Columbia River, Washington and Oregon, in 2021. The distributions derived from manual point counts were compared with results from an automated image processing technique to calibrate and validate the automated method used to quantify surface sediment grain size distributions in objective images. The surface sediment grain size distribution data derived from manual point counts are provided in comma-separated text format (point_count_distributions.csv) and should be compared with grain size distributions for the same set of images (dgs_calibration_validation.csv) derived from automated image processing that can be found in the "Surface sediment grain size distributions derived from automated image processing of in situ seafloor images from the lower Columbia River, Washington and Oregon, 2021" portion of the overall data release.
Supplemental_Information:
Additional information about the field activity or activities from which these data were derived is available online at: https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2021-621-FA Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
  1. How might this data set be cited?
    Stevens, Andrew W., 20230808, Surface sediment grain size distributions derived from manual point counts of in situ seafloor images from the lower Columbia River, Washington and Oregon, 2021: data release DOI:10.5066/10.5066/P92U1KPY, U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, California.

    Online Links:

    This is part of the following larger work.

    Stevens, Andrew W., Hatcher, Gerald A., Ferro, Peter Dal, Dartnell, Peter, Warrick, Jonathan A., Cohn, Nicholas, and Moritz, Hans R., 2023, Digital seafloor images, sediment grain size, bathymetry, and water velocity data from the lower Columbia River, Washington and Oregon, 2021: data release DOI:10.5066/P92U1KPY, U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, CA.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details:
    Suggested Citation: Suggested Citation: Stevens, A.W., Hatcher, G.A., Dal Ferro, P., Warrick, J.A., Cohn, N., and Moritz, H.R., 2023, Digital seafloor images, sediment grain size, bathymetry, and water velocity data from the lower Columbia River, Washington and Oregon, 2021: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P92U1KPY.
  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?
    West_Bounding_Coordinate: -123.439024
    East_Bounding_Coordinate: -122.764815
    North_Bounding_Coordinate: 46.248515
    South_Bounding_Coordinate: 45.713588
  3. What does it look like?
    dgs_point_count_quantile_comparison.png (PNG)
    Comparisons and error metrics for quantiles describing cumulative grain size distributions (D16, D25, D50, D75, D84, D90) derived from manual point counts (measured) and automated image processing techniques (estimated) for calibration and validation image sets.
  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?
    Beginning_Date: 05-Jun-2021
    Ending_Date: 08-Jun-2021
    Currentness_Reference:
    ground condition at time data were collected
  5. What is the general form of this data set?
    Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: comma-delimited text
  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
    1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
      This is a Point data set. It contains the following vector data types (SDTS terminology):
      • Point (31)
    2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
      Horizontal positions are specified in geographic coordinates, that is, latitude and longitude. Latitudes are given to the nearest 0.000001. Longitudes are given to the nearest 0.000001. Latitude and longitude values are specified in Decimal degrees. The horizontal datum used is WGS_1984.
      The ellipsoid used is WGS_1984.
      The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378137.0.
      The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/298.257223563.
  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?
    Attribute Table
    Table containing attribute information associated with the dataset (Source: Producer defined)
    image_group
    Classification of group of images (Source: Producer defined)
    ValueDefinition
    CalibrationImages used for image processing technique calibration
    ValidationImage used for image processing technique validation
    image_filename
    Filename of image collected (Source: Producer defined) Unique identifier for the image assigned in the field.
    datetime_utc
    Date and time of image collection in yyyy-mm-dd HH:MM:SS.FFF format (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:2021-06-05 20:46:36.270
    Maximum:2021-06-08 18:51:38.700
    Units:Dates in yyyy-mm-dd HH:MM:SS.FFF format
    longitude
    Longitude of image in decimal degrees, east. NaN=not a number, because no location of the sample is available. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-123.439024
    Maximum:-122.764815
    Units:decimal degrees
    latitude
    Latitude of image in decimal degrees, north. NaN=not a number, because no location of the sample is available. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:45.713588
    Maximum:46.248515
    Units:decimal degrees
    pixel_size_mm
    Size of pixels in image in millimeters (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.00657
    Maximum:0.00657
    Units:millimeters
    0.0078_mm
    Fraction of sample with grain diameter in 0.0078 mm bin. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.00
    Maximum:1.00
    Units:fraction
    0.0093_mm
    Fraction of sample with grain diameter in 0.0093 mm bin. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.00
    Maximum:1.00
    Units:fraction
    0.0111_mm
    Fraction of sample with grain diameter in 0.0111 mm bin. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.00
    Maximum:1.00
    Units:fraction
    0.0131_mm
    Fraction of sample with grain diameter in 0.0131 mm bin. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.00
    Maximum:1.00
    Units:fraction
    0.0156_mm
    Fraction of sample with grain diameter in 0.0156 mm bin. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.00
    Maximum:1.00
    Units:fraction
    0.0186_mm
    Fraction of sample with grain diameter in 0.0186 mm bin. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.00
    Maximum:1.00
    Units:fraction
    0.0221_mm
    Fraction of sample with grain diameter in 0.0221 mm bin. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.00
    Maximum:1.00
    Units:fraction
    0.0263_mm
    Fraction of sample with grain diameter in 0.0263 mm bin. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.00
    Maximum:1.00
    Units:fraction
    0.0312_mm
    Fraction of sample with grain diameter in 0.0312 mm bin. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.00
    Maximum:1.00
    Units:fraction
    0.0372_mm
    Fraction of sample with grain diameter in 0.0372 mm bin. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.00
    Maximum:1.00
    Units:fraction
    0.0442_mm
    Fraction of sample with grain diameter in 0.0442 mm bin. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.00
    Maximum:1.00
    Units:fraction
    0.0526_mm
    Fraction of sample with grain diameter in 0.0526 mm bin. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.00
    Maximum:1.00
    Units:fraction
    0.0625_mm
    Fraction of sample with grain diameter in 0.0625 mm bin. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.00
    Maximum:1.00
    Units:fraction
    0.0743_mm
    Fraction of sample with grain diameter in 0.0743 mm bin. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.00
    Maximum:1.00
    Units:fraction
    0.0884_mm
    Fraction of sample with grain diameter in 0.0884 mm bin. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.00
    Maximum:1.00
    Units:fraction
    0.1051_mm
    Fraction of sample with grain diameter in 0.1051 mm bin. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.00
    Maximum:1.00
    Units:fraction
    0.1250_mm
    Fraction of sample with grain diameter in 0.1250 mm bin. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.00
    Maximum:1.00
    Units:fraction
    0.1487_mm
    Fraction of sample with grain diameter in 0.1487 mm bin. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.00
    Maximum:1.00
    Units:fraction
    0.1768_mm
    Fraction of sample with grain diameter in 0.1768 mm bin. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.00
    Maximum:1.00
    Units:fraction
    0.2102_mm
    Fraction of sample with grain diameter in 0.2102 mm bin. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.00
    Maximum:1.00
    Units:fraction
    0.2500_mm
    Fraction of sample with grain diameter in 0.2500 mm bin. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.00
    Maximum:1.00
    Units:fraction
    0.2973_mm
    Fraction of sample with grain diameter in 0.2973 mm bin. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.00
    Maximum:1.00
    Units:fraction
    0.3536_mm
    Fraction of sample with grain diameter in 0.3536 mm bin. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.00
    Maximum:1.00
    Units:fraction
    0.4204_mm
    Fraction of sample with grain diameter in 0.4204 mm bin. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.00
    Maximum:1.00
    Units:fraction
    0.5000_mm
    Fraction of sample with grain diameter in 0.5000 mm bin. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.00
    Maximum:1.00
    Units:fraction
    0.5946_mm
    Fraction of sample with grain diameter in 0.5946 mm bin. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.00
    Maximum:1.00
    Units:fraction
    0.7071_mm
    Fraction of sample with grain diameter in 0.7071 mm bin. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.00
    Maximum:1.00
    Units:fraction
    0.8409_mm
    Fraction of sample with grain diameter in 0.8409 mm bin. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.00
    Maximum:1.00
    Units:fraction
    1.0000_mm
    Fraction of sample with grain diameter in 1.0000 mm bin. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.00
    Maximum:1.00
    Units:fraction
    1.1890_mm
    Fraction of sample with grain diameter in 1.1890 mm bin. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.00
    Maximum:1.00
    Units:fraction
    1.4140_mm
    Fraction of sample with grain diameter in 1.4140 mm bin. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.00
    Maximum:1.00
    Units:fraction
    1.6820_mm
    Fraction of sample with grain diameter in 1.6820 mm bin. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.00
    Maximum:1.00
    Units:fraction
    2.0000_mm
    Fraction of sample with grain diameter in 2.0000 mm bin. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.00
    Maximum:1.00
    Units:fraction
    2.3780_mm
    Fraction of sample with grain diameter in 2.3780 mm bin. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.00
    Maximum:1.00
    Units:fraction
    2.8280_mm
    Fraction of sample with grain diameter in 2.8280 mm bin. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.00
    Maximum:1.00
    Units:fraction
    3.3640_mm
    Fraction of sample with grain diameter in 3.3640 mm bin. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.00
    Maximum:1.00
    Units:fraction
    4.0000_mm
    Fraction of sample with grain diameter in 4.0000 mm bin. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.00
    Maximum:1.00
    Units:fraction
    4.7570_mm
    Fraction of sample with grain diameter in 4.7570 mm bin. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.00
    Maximum:1.00
    Units:fraction
    5.6570_mm
    Fraction of sample with grain diameter in 5.6570 mm bin. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.00
    Maximum:1.00
    Units:fraction
    gs_mean
    Arithmetic measure of mean grain size. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.314
    Maximum:1.314
    Units:millimeters
    gs_sorting
    Arithmetic measure of grain size sorting. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.097
    Maximum:0.812
    Units:millimeters
    gs_skewness
    Arithmetic measure of grain size skewness. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.628
    Maximum:3.123
    Units:millimeters
    gs_kurtosis
    Arithmetic measure of grain size kurtosis. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:3.668
    Maximum:15.472
    Units:millimeters
    d5_mm
    Grain diameter whereby 5 percent of the cumulative percent of grains are finer than. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.149
    Maximum:0.602
    Units:millimeters
    d10_mm
    Grain diameter whereby 10 percent of the cumulative percent of grains are finer than. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.177
    Maximum:0.688
    Units:millimeters
    d16_mm
    Grain diameter whereby 16 percent of the cumulative percent of grains are finer than. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.198
    Maximum:0.817
    Units:millimeters
    d25_mm
    Grain diameter whereby 25 percent of the cumulative percent of grains are finer than. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.223
    Maximum:0.923
    Units:millimeters
    d30_mm
    Grain diameter whereby 30 percent of the cumulative percent of grains are finer than. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.236
    Maximum:0.974
    Units:millimeters
    d50_mm
    Grain diameter whereby 50 percent of the cumulative percent of grains are finer than. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.291
    Maximum:1.224
    Units:millimeters
    d75_mm
    Grain diameter whereby 75 percent of the cumulative percent of grains are finer than. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.368
    Maximum:1.577
    Units:millimeters
    d84_mm
    Grain diameter whereby 84 percent of the cumulative percent of grains are finer than. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.404
    Maximum:1.813
    Units:millimeters
    d90_mm
    Grain diameter whereby 90 percent of the cumulative percent of grains are finer than. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.442
    Maximum:2.138
    Units:millimeters
    d95_mm
    Grain diameter whereby 95 percent of the cumulative percent of grains are finer than. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.493
    Maximum:2.828
    Units:millimeters
    Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: The first line of the csv file is a header line.
    Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: U.S. Geological Survey

Who produced the data set?

  1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
    • Andrew W. Stevens
  2. Who also contributed to the data set?
  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
    U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
    Attn: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator
    2885 Mission Street
    Santa Cruz, CA

    831-427-4747 (voice)
    pcmsc_data@usgs.gov

Why was the data set created?

Growth of subaqueous sand dunes commonly causes shoaling in engineered river channels that necessitates costly dredging to maintain adequate depths for navigation. The factors that result in sand wave growth are theoretically understood from laboratory experiments, but the capacity to predict sand wave geometries in field settings is limited due to temporal and spatial variability in hydrodynamics and sediment grain size. Detailed measurements of sand wave geometries, hydrodynamics, and grain size are therefore needed to test and improve numerical models and inform efficient management strategies in navigation channels. This data release presents surface sediment grain size distributions, bathymetry and seafloor acoustic backscatter, and water velocity data acquired at four sites with subaqueous sand dunes in the lower Columbia River, Washington and Oregon, between June 4 and June 9, 2021. The four sites were located between 65 km and 127 km upstream from the ocean inlet along a gradient of relative tidal and fluvial influence. The survey was performed during peak annual river discharge when sediment transport processes were likely active. High resolution digital images were collected at each site with an underwater camera system that was repeatedly lowered to the seabed along a series of 1 km-long transects oriented along the main navigation channel and spaced about 60 m apart. The grain size distributions of the seabed images were estimated using an automated image processing technique and tested with observed grain size distributions derived from manual measurements on a subset of 16 images. Swath bathymetry and seafloor acoustic backscatter data were collected repeatedly at each site using a 234.5 kHz phase-differencing sidescan sonar to characterize sand wave geometry and bathymetric change resulting from sand wave migration. Current velocity data were collected from an underway survey vessel equipped with a downward looking 600 kHz ADCP along transects oriented both along- and across the main navigation channel. Combined, these data provide a comprehensive characterization of mobile subaqueous sand dunes that can be used to improve predictions of dune growth in complicated field settings and inform efficient sediment management practices in the lower Columbia River.

How was the data set created?

  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?
    Date: 08-Jun-2021 (process 1 of 3)
    High resolution spatial surveys were performed between June 5 and 8, 2021 to quantify surface sediment grain size distributions of mobile subaqueous dunes at four sites in the lower Columbia River, Washington and Oregon. At each site, digital images of the sediment surface were collected with an underwater camera system that was repeatedly lowered to the seabed along a series of 1 km-long transects oriented along the main navigation channel and spaced about 60 m apart. The camera consisted of a FLIR Blackfly BFS-PGE-50S5 camera and 50 mm lens in a waterproof housing that resulted in a field of view of approximately 17 mm and a resolution of 0.00657 mm per pixel when the housing window was flush with the sediment surface. An ethernet cable between the survey vessel and camera provided power to the camera and allowed for real-time viewing of the seafloor imagery on a computer during acquisition. The locations of each seafloor image collected were determined using an Applanix POSMV Wavemaster global navigation satellite system receiver operating in DGNSS mode.
    Date: 20-Apr-2023 (process 2 of 3)
    A subset of 15 calibration images and 16 validation images were identified from the overall data set. Manual point counts were performed on both calibration and validation images by manually measuring the long and short axis of 100 grains in the images following methods described in Warrick and others (2009). Grain size statistics including quantiles describing the cumulative grain size distributions (finer than convention) as well as arithmetic moments (mean, sorting, skewness, and kurtosis) were calculated based on the average distribution of long and short axis grain size measurements.
    Date: 03-May-2023 (process 3 of 3)
    The grain size distributions derived from manual point counts of the calibration and validation image sets were compiled into a comma-separated text files for distribution.
  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?
    Warrick, Jonathan A., Rubin, David M., Ruggiero, Peter, Harney, Jodi N., Draut, Amy E., and Buscombe, Daniel, 2009, Cobble cam: grain-size measurements of sand to boulder from digital photographs and autocorrelation analyses.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details:
    Warrick, J.A., Rubin, D.M., Ruggiero, P., Harney, J.N., Draut, A.E., and Buscombe, D., 2009, Cobble cam: grain-size measurements of sand to boulder from digital photographs and autocorrelation analyses, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, v. 34, pp. 1811-1821.

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

  1. How well have the observations been checked?
    No formal attribute accuracy tests were conducted.
  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
    The locations of each seafloor image collected were determined using an Applanix POSMV Wavemaster operating in DGNSS mode. Manufacturer reported accuracy of the horizontal positions while operating in DGNSS mode is between 0.5 and 2 m depending on the quality of the DGNSS corrections received (https://www.applanix.com/downloads/products/specs/posmv/POS-MV-WaveMaster-II.pdf). Additional uncertainty in the horizontal positions of the images due to instrument layback, or non-vertical wire angle between surface vessel and camera at the seafloor, is unknown but assumed to be minimal because of the weight of the camera and slow speed of the vessel relative to the ambient currents during image acquisition.
  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
    Dataset is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details.
  5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
    No formal logical accuracy tests were conducted.

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
Access_Constraints None
Use_Constraints USGS-authored or produced data and information are in the public domain from the U.S. Government and are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize and acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator(s) of the dataset and in products derived from these data.
  1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)
    U.S. Geological Survey - CMGDS
    2885 Mission Street
    Santa Cruz, CA

    1-831-427-4747 (voice)
    pcmsc_data@usgs.gov
  2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set? These data are available in csv format accompanied by CSDGM FGDC-compliant metadata.
  3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
    Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty.
  4. How can I download or order the data?
    • Availability in digital form:
      Data format: csv table containing surface sediment grain size distributions derived from manual point counts of images in format comma-delimited text (version MATLAB Version: 9.13.0.2080170 (R2022b)) Size: 0.012
      Network links: https://doi.org/10.5066/P92U1KPY
    • Cost to order the data: None.

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:
Last modified: 08-Aug-2023
Metadata author:
U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
Attn: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator
2885 Mission Street
Santa Cruz, CA

831-427-4747 (voice)
pcmsc_data@usgs.gov
Metadata standard:
Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)
This page is <https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/catalog/pcmsc/DataReleases/CMGDS_DR_tool/DR_P92U1KPY/point_count_distributions_metadata.faq.html>
Generated by mp version 2.9.51 on Fri Aug 18 09:04:49 2023