Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Anita Engelstad Originator: Li H. Erikson Originator: Ann E. Gibbs Originator: Kees Nederhoff Publication_Date: 20240312 Title: Wave model input files Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: various Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI: 10.5066/P931CSO9 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, California Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P931CSO9 Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Anita Engelstad Originator: Li H. Erikson Originator: Borja G. Reguero Originator: Ann E. Gibbs Originator: Kees Nederhoff Publication_Date: 2024 Title: Nearshore wave time-series along the coast of Alaska computed with a numerical wave model Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI: 10.5066/P931CSO9 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, California Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Other_Citation_Details: Suggested Citation: Engelstad, A.C., Erikson, L.H., Reguero, B.G., Gibbs, A.E., Nederhoff, K.M., 2024, Nearshore wave time-series along the coast of Alaska computed with a numerical wave model: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P931CSO9. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P931CSO9 Description: Abstract: Provided here are the required input files to run a standalone wave model (Simulating Waves WAves Nearshore [SWAN]; Booij and others, 1999) on eleven model domains from the Canada-U.S. border to Norton Sound, Alaska to create a downscaled wave database (DWDB). The DWDB, in turn, can be used to reconstruct hindcast (1979-2019) and projected (2020-2050) time series at each point in the model domains see Engelstad and others, 2023 for further information on reconstruction of time-series. The model forcing files consist of reduced sets of binned wind and wave parameter combinations, hereafter termed ‘sea states’. The use of representative sea states allows for lower computational costs and follows modified methods outlined in for example Camus and others, 2011, Reguero and others, 2013, and Lucero and others, 2017. For these sea states, hourly time-series of wave heights, mean wave periods, and mean incident wave directions, wind speed and wind direction were first extracted from the ERA5 reanalysis (Hersbach and others, 2020; https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/cdsapp#!/home) for the hindcast period (1979–2019) and from WAVEWATCHIII wave model runs (Erikson and others, 2022) driven by winds and sea ice fields from the 6th generation Coupled Model Inter-comparison Projects (CMIP6 Haarsma and others, 2016). Sea states were selected using a multivariant maximum-dissimilarity algorithm (MDA) which determined representative combinations of significant wave heights, mean wave periods, mean wave directions, wind speeds, and wind directions (for more details see Engelstad and others, 2024). The model output can be used to reconstruct time series at each grid point. The extent of each model domain can be inferred from the browse graphic. Model input files are described in the Entity and Attribute Overview section. Purpose: The purpose of this data release is to provide researchers, engineers, and other potential users with model input files that can be used to run the SWAN wave model along the coast of Alaska from the Canada-U.S. border to Norton Sound. These data are not intended to be used for navigation. Supplemental_Information: This work is part of the wave modeling efforts for Alaska and conterminous United States coasts and Territories that support the USGS Coastal Storm Modeling System (CoSMoS). For more information on CoSMoS, see https://www.usgs.gov/centers/pcmsc/science/coastal-storm-modeling-system-cosmos. Funding for this work was provided by the USGS Coastal Marine and Hazards Program (CMHRP). Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 2020 Ending_Date: 2022 Currentness_Reference: years in which the data were created Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: none Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -168.500 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -139.990 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 71.4788 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 62.1813 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier Theme_Keyword: USGS:1e4993d4-d421-470c-8abf-f46c9ef3f519 Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Theme_Keyword: Hazards Planning Theme_Keyword: Ocean Waves Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation Theme_Keyword: oceans Theme_Keyword: environment Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: coastal processes Theme_Keyword: Ocean Waves Theme_Keyword: Climate Change Theme_Keyword: Mathematical modeling Theme_Keyword: Effects of climate change Theme_Keyword: Earth sciences Theme_Keyword: Mathematical modeling Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Marine Realms Information Bank (MRIB) keywords Theme_Keyword: numerical modeling Theme_Keyword: waves Theme_Keyword: coastal processes Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Data Categories for Marine Planning Theme_Keyword: Distributions Theme_Keyword: Predictions Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey Theme_Keyword: USGS Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program Theme_Keyword: CMHRP Theme_Keyword: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Theme_Keyword: PCMSC Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) Place_Keyword: Chukchi Sea Place_Keyword: State of Alaska Place_Keyword: Bering Strait Place_Keyword: Norton Sound Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: Beaufort Sea Access_Constraints: None Use_Constraints: USGS-authored or produced data and information are in the public domain from the U.S. Government and are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize and acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator(s) of the dataset and in products derived from these data. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Person: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address: 2885 Mission Street City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95060 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-427-4747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pcmsc_data@usgs.gov Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: WaveModel_Domains.jpg Browse_Graphic_File_Description: Satellite image showing the extent of the available model domains. Browse_Graphic_File_Type: jpg Native_Data_Set_Environment: Data were generated with the Delft3D modeling suite developed by Deltares and MATLAB on Personal Desktop Computers (PC) equipped with the Windows 10 operating system. Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Nico Booij Originator: Roeland Ris Originator: Leo Holthuijsen Publication_Date: 1999 Title: A third-generation wave model for coastal regions; I- Model description and validation Other_Citation_Details: Booij, N., Ris, R. C., and Holthuijsen, L. H., 1999, A third-generation wave model for coastal regions. I- Model description and validation: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 104, p. 7649–7666. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1029/98jc02622 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Paula Camus Originator: Fernando J. Méndez Originator: Raúl Medina Publication_Date: 2011 Title: A hybrid efficient method to downscale wave climate to coastal areas Other_Citation_Details: Camus, P., Mendez, F., Medina, R., 2011, A hybrid efficient method to downscale wave climate to coastal areas: Coastal Engineering, v. 58, p 851-862. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2011.05.007 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Coastal Frontiers Corporation Publication_Date: 2014 Title: Suspended sediment dispersal during the Liberty Development construction Other_Citation_Details: Coastal Frontiers Corporation, 2014, Suspended sediment dispersal during the Liberty Development construction: Report prepared for BP Exploration, Anchorage, AK, 60 pp. Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Anita C. Engelstad Originator: Li H. Erikson Originator: Borja G. Reguero Originator: Ann E. Gibbs Originator: Kees Nederhoff Publication_Date: 2024 Title: Database and Time Series of Nearshore Waves Along the Alaskan Coast from the United States-Canada Border to the Bering Sea Other_Citation_Details: Engelstad, A.C., Erikson, L.H., Reguero, B.G., Gibbs, A.E., and Nederhoff, K., 2024, Database and time series of nearshore waves along the Alaskan coast from the United States-Canada border to the Bering Sea: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2023–1094, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231094. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231094 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: eTrac Inc. Publication_Date: 2018 Title: 464169 – Barrow Coastal Erosion Singlebeam Hydrographic Survey Other_Citation_Details: eTrac Inc., 2018, Summary Report prepared for U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), 464169 – Barrow Coastal Erosion Singlebeam Hydrographic Survey, Alaska district Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: R.J. Haarsma Originator: M.J. Roberts Originator: P.L. Vidale Originator: C.A. Senior Originator: A. Bellucci Originator: Q. Bao Originator: P. Chang Originator: S. Corti Originator: N.S. Fučkar Originator: V. Guemas Originator: J. von Hardenberg Originator: W. Hazeleger Originator: C. Kodama Originator: T. Koenigk Originator: L.R. Leung Originator: J. Lu Originator: J.-J. Luo Originator: J. Mao Originator: M. S. Mizielinski Originator: R. Mizuta Originator: P. Nobre Originator: M. Satoh Originator: E. Scoccimarro Originator: T. Semmler Originator: J. Small Originator: J.-S. von Storch Publication_Date: 2016 Title: High Resolution Model Intercomparison Project (HighResMIP v1.0) for CMIP6 Other_Citation_Details: Haarsma, R.J., Roberts, M.J., Vidale, P.L., Senior, C.A., Bellucci, A., Bao, Q., Chang, P., Corti, S., Fučkar, N.S., Guemas, V., von Hardenberg, J., Hazeleger, W., Kodama, C., Koenigk, T., Leung, L.R., Lu, J., Luo, J.-J., Mao, J., Mizielinski, M.S., Mizuta, R., Nobre, P., Satoh, M., Scoccimarro, E., Semmler, T., Small, J., and von Storch, J.-S., 2016, High Resolution Model Intercomparison Project (HighResMIP v1.0) for CMIP6: Geoscience Model Development, v. 9, p. 4185-4208, doi:10.5194/gmd-9-4185-2016, 2016. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-4185-2016 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Hans Hersbach Originator: Bill Bell Originator: Paul Berrisford Originator: Shoji Hirahara Originator: András Horányi Originator: Joaquín Muñoz-Sabater Originator: Julien Nicolas Originator: Carole Peubey Originator: Raluca Radu Originator: Dinand Schepers Originator: Adrian Simmons Originator: Cornel Soci Originator: Saleh Abdalla Originator: Xavier Abellan Originator: Gianpaolo Balsamo Originator: Peter Bechtold Originator: Gionata Biavati Originator: Jean Bidlot Originator: Massimo Bonavita Originator: Giovanna De Chiara Originator: Per Dahlgren Originator: Dick Dee Originator: Michail Diamantakis Originator: Rossana Dragani Originator: Johannes Flemming Originator: Richard Forbes Originator: Manuel Fuentes Originator: Alan Geer Originator: Leo Haimberger Originator: Sean Healy Originator: Robin J Hogan Originator: Elías Hólm Originator: Marta Janisková Originator: Sarah Keely Originator: Patrick Laloyaux Originator: Philippe Lopez Originator: Cristina Lupu Originator: Gabor Radnoti Originator: Patricia de Rosnay Originator: Iryna Rozum Originator: Freja Vamborg Originator: Sebastien Villaume Originator: Jean-Noël Thépaut Publication_Date: 2020 Title: The ERA5 global reanalysis Other_Citation_Details: Hersbach, H., Bell, B., Berrisford, P., Hirahara, S., Horányi A., Muñoz-Sabater, J., Nicolas, J., Peubey, C., Radu, R., Schepers, D., Simmons, A., Soci, C., Abdalla, S., Abellan, X., Balsamo, G., Bechtold, P., Biavati, G., Bidlot, J., Bonavita, M., De Chiara, G., Dahlgren, P., Dee, D., Diamantakis, M., Dragani, R., Flemming, J., Forbes, R., Fuentes, M., Geer, A., Haimberger, L., Healy, S., Hogan, R.J., Hólm, E., Janisková, M., Keeley, S., Laloyaux, P., Lopez, P., Lupu, C., Radnoti, G., de Rosnay, P., Rozum, I., Vamborg, F., Villaume,S., Thépau, J.-N., 2020, The ERA5 global reanalysis, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society; v.146, no. 730, pp.1999–2049, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3803 Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3803 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Martin Jakobsson Originator: Larry A. Mayer Originator: Caroline Bringensparr Originator: Carlos F. Castro Originator: Rezwan Mohammad Originator: Paul Johnson Originator: Tomer Ketter Originator: Daniela Accettella Originator: David Amblas Originator: Lu An Originator: Jan Erik Arndt Originator: Miquel Canals Originator: José Luis Casamor Originator: Nolwenn Chauché Originator: Bernard Coakley Originator: Seth Danielson Originator: Maurizio Demarte Originator: Mary-Lynn Dickson Originator: Boris Dorschel Originator: Julian A. Dowdeswell Originator: Simon Dreutter Originator: Alice C. Fremand Originator: Dana Gallant Originator: John K. Hall Originator: Laura Hehemann Originator: Hanne Hodnesdal Originator: Jongkuk Hong Originator: Roberta Ivaldi Originator: Emily Kane Originator: Ingo Klaucke Originator: Diana W. Krawczyk Originator: Yngve Kristoffersen Originator: Boele R. Kuipers Originator: Romain Millan Originator: Giuseppe Masetti Originator: Mathieu Morlighem Originator: Riko Noormets Originator: Megan M. Prescott Originator: Michele Rebesco Originator: Eric Rignot Originator: Igor Semiletov Originator: Alex J. Tate Originator: Paola Travaglini Originator: Isabella Velicogna Originator: Pauline Weatherall Originator: Wilhelm Weinrebe Originator: Joshua K. Willis Originator: Michael Wood Originator: Yulia Zarayskaya Originator: Tao Zhang Originator: Mark Zimmermann Originator: Karl B. Zinglersen Publication_Date: 2020 Title: The international bathymetric chart of the Arctic Ocean Other_Citation_Details: Jakobsson, M., Mayer, L.A., Bringensparr, C., Castro, C.F., Mohammad, R., Johnson, P., Ketter, T., Accettella, D., Amblas, D., An, L., Arndt, J.E., Canals, M., Casamor, J.L., Chauché, N., Coakley, B., Danielson, S., Demarte, M., Dickson, M.-L., Dorschel, B., Dowdeswell, J.A., Dreutter, S., Fremand, A.C., Gallant, D., Hall, J.K., Hehemann, L., Hodnesdal, H., Hong, J., Ivaldi, R., Kane, E., Klaucke, I., Krawczyk, D.W., Kristoffersen, Y., Kuipers, B.R., Millan, R., Masetti, G., Morlighem, M., Noormets, R., Prescott, M.M., Rebesco, M., Rignot, E., Semiletov, I., Tate, A.J., Travaglini, P., Velicogna, I., Weatherall, P., Weinrebe, W., Willis, J.K., Wood, M., Zarayskaya, Y., Zhang, T., Zimmermann, M., and Zinglersen, K.B., 2020, The international bathymetric chart of the Arctic Ocean (vers. 4.0): Scientific Data, v. 7, no. 1, p. 176. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-020-0520-9 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Felipe Lucero Originator: Patricio A. Catalán Originator: Álvaro Ossandón Originator: José Beyá Originator: Andrés Puelma Originator: Luis Zamorano Publication_Date: 2017 Title: Wave energy assessment in the central-south coast of Chile Other_Citation_Details: Lucero, F., Catalán, P.A., Ossandón, Á, Beyá, J., Puelma, A., Zamorano, L., 2017, Wave energy assessment in the central-south coast of Chile: Renewable Energy, v. 114, p. 120-131. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2017.03.076 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: OCM Partners Publication_Date: 2023 Title: 2019 USACE NCMP Topobathy Lidar: Alaska Other_Citation_Details: OCM Partners, 2023: 2019 USACE NCMP Topobathy Lidar: Alaska, NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Online_Linkage: https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/59331 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Jeremy Kasper Originator: S. Jump Originator: Paul Duvoy Publication_Date: 2019 Title: Central Beaufort Sea wave and hydrodynamic modeling study 2018 Field Report Other_Citation_Details: Kasper, J., Jump, S., and Duvoy, P., 2019, Central Beaufort Sea wave and hydrodynamic modeling study 2018 Field Report: UAF Cooperative Agreement M17AC00020/ USGS CFDA No. 15.423. Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Borja Reguero Originator: Fernando Méndez Originator: Iñigo Losada Publication_Date: 2013 Title: Variability of multivariate wave climate in Latin America and the Caribbean Other_Citation_Details: Reguero, B.G., Méndez, F.J., and Losada, I.J., 2013, Variability of multivariate wave climate in Latin America and the Caribbean: Global and Planetary Change, v. 100, p. 70-84. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2012.09.005 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Nels J. Sultan Originator: Kenton W. Braun Originator: Dempsey S. Thieman Originator: Ajay Sampath Publication_Date: 2011 Title: North Slope trends in sea level, storm frequency, duration and intensity Other_Citation_Details: Sultan, N.J., Braun K.W., Thieman, D.S., and Sampath, A., 2011, North Slope trends in sea level, storm frequency, duration and intensity, in 9th International Conference IceTech 2010, International Conference and Exhibition on Performance of Ships and Structures in Ice, Anchorage, Alaska, September 20–23, 2010: Arctic Section of the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers, paper no. ICETECH10-672 155-R0 Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5957/ICETECH-2010-155 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Craig E. Tweedie Originator: Stephen Escarzaga Originator: William F. Manley Originator: Gabriela Tarin Originator: Allison Gaylord Publication_Date: 2016 Title: Near-shore bathymetric sounding points for Elson Lagoon and Chukchi Sea, BarrowRegion, northern Alaska Other_Citation_Details: Tweedie, C.E., Escarzaga, S., Manley, W.F., Tarin, W.F., Gaylord, A., 2016, Near-shore bathymetric sounding points for Elson Lagoon and Chukchi Sea, Barrow, Annual Shorelines for the Barrow Region, northern Alaska, for 2013 to 2015: Barrow Area Information Database (BAID), Digital Media Online_Linkage: http://barrowmapped.org Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: The bathymetry for the domains was primarily based on products provided by the International Bathymetric Chart of the Arctic Ocean (IBCAO, Jakobsson and others, 2020), which have a resolution of 200 x 200 m. IBCAO is based on all available bathymetric datasets north of 64 degrees North. In the nearshore region, these are generally NOAA, National Ocean Service (NOS) hydrographic surveys which were mainly conducted between the 1940s and 1970s. Newer products for the Arctic are sparse and a high uncertainty in coastline position and water depth remains, particularly in the nearshore regions (for details, see Engelstad and others, 2023). An exception is for 3 regions where newer and more accurate bathymetric data were used (see Process Step below). Logical_Consistency_Report: Bathymetry data have undergone quality checks and meet standards within the above and below mentioned limitations. Model output was reconstructed and compared to several nearshore observations. Significant wave heights (Hs) were modeled with a combined root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.18 m for these locations. Completeness_Report: Dataset is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: A qualitative accuracy assessment of the horizontal position information in the data set was conducted. Changes to the bathymetry were made in the vicinity of Cross Island offshore of Prudhoe Bay (grid 'bfrt2') where a NOS dataset (H07760 from 1950) appeared to have been horizontally misplaced and which was manually rectified. Furthermore, because of sparsity of bathymetric data and the years in which the measurements were obtained (primarily 1940-1970), uncertainties related to water depths and shoreline position are significant. Shoreline position data from USGS topographic maps from the 1950s to 1990s at scales between 1:63,360 and 1:250,000 were used to update the bathymetry in the very nearshore region. Bathymetric points along the shoreline and extending seaward roughly 500 meters were removed and subsequently populated using an internal diffusion algorithm (Deltares, 2021, QUICKIN, at https://content.oss.deltares.nl/delft3d/manuals/QUICKIN_User_Manual.pdf) Vertical_Positional_Accuracy: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Bathymetries are concurrent with topobathymetric DEM locations. Sea level rise was considered as an increase in water levels of 2 millimeters per year (mm/yr) in the region (Sultan and others, 2011) between the year of the surveys and today (roughly 0.15 m) which was added to the bathymetry. A formal accuracy assessment of the vertical positional information in the data set has not been conducted. However, because of the sparsity of data and the years in which the observations were collected (primarily 1940-1970), uncertainties related to water depths and shoreline position are significant. These cannot be specified due to a lack of knowledge and local differences in erosion and accretion rates. Lineage: Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: IBCAO Version 4.0 Compilation Group Publication_Date: 2020 Title: The International Bathymetric Chart of the Arctic Ocean (IBCAO) Version 4.0. Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: netCDF files Publication_Information: Publication_Place: online Publisher: British Oceanographic Data Centre, National Oceanography Centre, NERC, UK Online_Linkage: https://www.gebco.net/data_and_products/gridded_bathymetry_data/arctic_ocean/ Type_of_Source_Media: online database Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2020 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: IBCAO Source_Contribution: gridded continuous terrain model covering land and ocean in the Arctic region Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Li H. Erikson Originator: Ann E. Gibbs Originator: Bruce M. Richmond Originator: Benjamin M. Jones Originator: Curt D. Storlazzi Originator: Karin Ohman Publication_Date: 2020 Title: Modeled 21st Century Storm Surge, Waves, and Coastal Flood Hazards, and Supporting Oceanographic and Geological Field Data (2010 and 2011) for Arey and Barter Islands, Alaska and Vicinity Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: geoTIFF Publication_Information: Publication_Place: online Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9LGYO2Q Type_of_Source_Media: online database Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 19480101 Ending_Date: 20110701 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition at time data were collected Source_Citation_Abbreviation: DEM Arey Lagoon Source_Contribution: digital elevation model around Arey Lagoon, Alaska Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Copernicus Climate Change Service Publication_Date: 2017 Title: ERA5: Fifth generation of ECMWF atmospheric reanalyses of the global climate Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: NetCDF Publication_Information: Publication_Place: online Publisher: Copernicus Climate Change Service Climate Data Store Online_Linkage: https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/cdsapp#!/home Type_of_Source_Media: online database Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 19790101 Ending_Date: 20191231 Source_Currentness_Reference: period for which data was obtained Source_Citation_Abbreviation: ERA5 Source_Contribution: wave data used to derive sea states for hindcast Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Li Erikson Originator: Liv Herdman Originator: Chris Flanary Originator: Anita Engelstad Originator: Prasad Pusuluri Originator: Patrick Barnard Originator: Curt Storlazzi Originator: Mike Beck Originator: Borja Reguero Originator: Kai Parker Publication_Date: 2022 Title: Ocean wave time-series simulated with a global-scale numerical wave model under the influence of projected CMIP6 wind and sea ice fields Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: NetCDF Publication_Information: Publication_Place: online Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9KR0RFM Type_of_Source_Media: online database Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20200101 Ending_Date: 20501231 Source_Currentness_Reference: period covered by model Source_Citation_Abbreviation: WW3 Source_Contribution: wave data used to derive sea states for hindcast Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Alexander G. Snyder Originator: Cordell D. Johnson Originator: Ann E. Gibbs Originator: Li H. Erikson Publication_Date: 2021 Title: Nearshore bathymetry data from the Unalakleet River mouth, Alaska, 2019 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: comma-delimited text Publication_Information: Publication_Place: online Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9238F8K Type_of_Source_Media: online database Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20190709 Ending_Date: 20190712 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition at time data were collected Source_Citation_Abbreviation: bathymetry Source_Contribution: bathymetry data at the mouth of the Unalakleet River, Alaska Process_Step: Process_Description: Obtained topobathymetric elevation data from IBCAO and generated grid bathymetries for wave simulations. For the Foggy Island Bay area (domain ‘bfrt2’), Utqiagvik (domain ‘chuk1’), Barter Island (domain ‘bfrt1’), and Norton Sound (‘bering2’), IBCAO was merged with available local bathymetry (Coastal Frontiers Corporation, 2014; Erikson and others, 2020; eTrack Inc., 2018; Kasper and others, 2019; OCM Partners, 2023; Snyder and others, 2021; Tweedie and others, 2016). Created polygons for barrier islands and assigned these as obstacles in SWAN. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: IBCAO Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: DEM Arey Lagoon Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: bathymetry Process_Date: 20210714 Process_Step: Process_Description: Obtained ERA5 wave and wind data and determined 2500 representative sea states (which are a combinations of significant wave height (Hs), mean wave period (Tm), mean wave direction (Dm), wind speed (windv) and wind directions (winddir)) with a multivariant maximum-dissimilarity algorithm (e.g., Camus and others, 2011, Reguero and others, 2013, and Lucero and others, 2017). Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: ERA5 Process_Date: 20210714 Process_Step: Process_Description: Obtained CMIP6 wave time-series from WW3 runs (Erikson and others, 2022) for six global climate models (CMCC, CNRM, CNRM, ECEARTH, GFDL, HadgemHH, HadgemHM, HadgemSST) and determined between 3300 and 3900 sea states (e.g., Camus and others, 2011, Reguero and others, 2013, and Lucero and others, 2017), depending on the domain length and alongshore variability of the wave conditions. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: WW3 Process_Date: 20220304 Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Indirect_Spatial_Reference: The model files included are for the SWAN model. Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Geographic: Latitude_Resolution: 0.1 Longitude_Resolution: 0.001 Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal degrees Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1983 Ellipsoid_Name: Geodetic Reference System 80 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257222 Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition: Altitude_System_Definition: Altitude_Datum_Name: approximate Mean Sea Level as determined by the Prudhoe NOAA tide station Altitude_Resolution: 0.01 Altitude_Distance_Units: meters Altitude_Encoding_Method: Explicit elevation coordinate included with horizontal coordinates Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: The data is packaged so that SWAN can be run for each domain either for the hindcast (ERA5) or the projected (CMIP6) period. Files are available in SWAN-specific file formats (detailed below) and are contained in a single zip file (WaveModel_GridsBathy_BeaufortChukchi.zip). The files are named by region (‘bfrt’ for the Beaufort Sea, ‘chuk’ for the Chukchi Sea, ‘bering’ for the Bering Strait), with a counterclockwise numbering. See browse graphic for the domain extents. The input files consist of the following:DOMAIN.grd: computational grid for the domain where DOMAIN can be bfrt1, bfrt2, bfrt3, chuk1, chuk2, chuk3, chuk4, chuk5, or chuk6 (see graphic for locations). The offshore extent for model domains is roughly defined by the 20 m isobath, whereas the domain length and width vary, depending on the offshore extent of each grid and local shoreline curvature. Nearshore grid size resolution is generally ≤ 200 x 200 m. In the offshore regions, cross- and along-shore grid resolution varies between 300–1000 m and 200–300 m, respectively. DOMAIN.dep: depth file (in meters) for the domain (SWAN depths are positive, the model uses -999 values for inactive cells, relative to approximate local mean sea level. DOMAIN.obt: contains the obstacle definitions and the name of the polygon file. Obstacles are used to resolve barrier islands where the grid resolution is coarse. DOMAIN.pol: polygon file (only for domains bfrt1, bfrt2, bfrt3, chuk1, chuk2, chuk4)MOD_wavecon. DOMAIN_AP_PART: wave condition file, containing the wave and wind conditions for every computational step. MOD can either be ERA5 or CMIP6, AP is either E or C (denoting ERA5 or CMIP6), and PART is the part number (ERA5 consists of 3 parts, each part containing a maximum of 999 conditions, while CMIP6 has 4 parts). The extension of the wavecon file needs to have the same naming convention as the .mdw file so that SWAN can find the file (e.g. ‘chuk6_C4.mdw’ contains the computational steps [TimePoints] 179820- 203940 for which the wave and wind conditions can be found in ‘CMIP6_wavecon.chuk6_C4’).DOMAIN_AP_PART.mdw: master definition file for the wave model. It contains the physics that are to be used, as well as the filenames for grids, depths, the obstacle option if used, timesteps, etc. For more information, see the D-Waves_User_Manual.pdf (available for download here: https://content.oss.deltares.nl/delft3d/manuals/D-Waves_User_Manual.pdf) Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: U.S. Geological Survey Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey - CMGDS Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 2885 Mission Street City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95060 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-427-4747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pcmsc_data@usgs.gov Resource_Description: These data are available in SWAN specific file formats and are contained in a single zip file. Distribution_Liability: Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata, and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: text files Format_Version_Number: SWAN version 41.31 Format_Information_Content: Zip file contains files necessary to run SWAN on 11 domains File_Decompression_Technique: WinZip or archive utility Transfer_Size: 66.5 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P931CSO9 Access_Instructions: Data can be downloaded using the Network_Resource_Name link then scrolling down to the appropriate Simulation Data section. Fees: None. Technical_Prerequisites: These data can be viewed with any software that reads netCDF files, such as Mathworks MATLAB, Python, Panoply. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20240312 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Person: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 2885 Mission Street City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95060 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-427-4747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pcmsc_data@usgs.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998