Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Gerald A. Hatcher Originator: Christine J. Kranenburg Originator: Jonathan A. Warrick Publication_Date: 20220611 Title: Orthoimagery of Eastern Dry Rocks coral reef, Florida, 2021 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital data Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/P93RIIG9 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Santa Cruz, California Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey - Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P93RIIG9 Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Gerald A. Hatcher Originator: Christine J. Kranenburg Originator: Jonathan A. Warrick Originator: Stephen T. Bosse Originator: David G. Zawada Originator: Kimberly K. Yates Originator: Selena A. Johnson Publication_Date: 2022 Title: Overlapping seabed images and location data acquired using the SQUID-5 system at Eastern Dry Rocks coral reef, Florida, in May 2021, with derived point cloud, digital elevation model and orthomosaic of submerged topography Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/P93RIIG9 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Santa Cruz, California Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey - Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P93RIIG9 Description: Abstract: A seabed orthoimage was developed from underwater images collected at Eastern Dry Rocks coral reef near Key West, Florida, in May 2021 using the SQUID-5 camera system. The underwater images were processed using Structure-from-Motion (SfM) photogrammetry techniques. The orthoimage covers a rectangular area of seafloor approximately 800x160 meters (0.12 square kilometers) in size, and it was created using image-mosaicking methods and saved as a tiled, 5-mm resolution raster. Purpose: The underwater images and associated location data were collected to provide high-resolution elevation data and precisely co-registered, full-color orthomosaic base maps for use in environmental assessment and monitoring of the coral reef and surrounding seafloor habitat. Additionally, the data were collected to evaluate their potential to improve USGS scientific efforts including seafloor elevation and stability modeling, and small-scale hydrodynamic flow modeling. Supplemental_Information: Additional information about the field activity from which these data were derived is available online at: https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2021-620-FA and https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2021-313-FA Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20210507 Ending_Date: 20210513 Currentness_Reference: ground condition Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -81.84593563 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -81.83777265 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 24.46369150 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 24.45766816 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier Theme_Keyword: USGS:610fbbb2-46a5-43ce-b0f5-1a9fe8cc2a82 Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Marine Realms Information Bank (MRIB) keywords Theme_Keyword: seabed Theme_Keyword: coral reefs Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Data Categories for Marine Planning Theme_Keyword: Physical Habitats and Geomorphology Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: oceans Theme_Keyword: elevation Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: reef ecosystems Theme_Keyword: geospatial datasets Theme_Keyword: remote sensing Theme_Keyword: visible light imaging Theme_Keyword: structure from motion Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey Theme_Keyword: USGS Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program Theme_Keyword: CMHRP Theme_Keyword: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Theme_Keyword: PCMSC Theme_Keyword: St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center Theme_Keyword: SPCMSC Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) Place_Keyword: Eastern Dry Rocks Place_Keyword: State of Florida Access_Constraints: None Use_Constraints: USGS-authored or produced data and information are in the public domain from the U.S. Government and are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize and acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator of the dataset and in products derived from these data. This information is not intended for navigation purposes. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Person: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 2885 Mission Street City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95060 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-460-4747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pcmsc_data@usgs.gov Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: Orthomosaic.jpg Browse_Graphic_File_Description: Full-resolution sample view of larger orthomosaic image. Browse_Graphic_File_Type: JPEG Data_Set_Credit: Data collection was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey Pacific Coastal Marine Science Center and the U.S. Geological Survey Saint Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center. The authors would like to thank Captain Chad Stolka, Operations Specialist for the NOAA Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary, for his local knowledge and maritime expertise during data acquisition; Dr. Jason Spadaro, Assistant Professor, Marine Science and Technology, College of the Florida Keys for installing calibration targets on the reef; Lisa Symons, Regional Response Coordinator, and staff of the Eastern Region, Office of National Marine Sanctuaries, NOAA Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary, for coordination efforts. Native_Data_Set_Environment: Microsoft Windows 10 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Gerald A. Hatcher Originator: Jonathan A. Warrick Originator: Andrew C. Ritchie Originator: Evan T. Dailey Originator: David G. Zawada Originator: Christine Kranenburg Originator: Kimberly K. Yates Publication_Date: 2020 Title: Accurate bathymetric maps from underwater digital imagery without ground control Other_Citation_Details: Hatcher, G.A., Warrick, J.A., Ritchie, A.C., Dailey, E.T., Zawada, D.G., Kranenburg, C., and Yates, K.K., 2020, Accurate bathymetric maps from underwater digital imagery without ground control: Frontiers in Marine Science, v. 7, art. 525, doi:10.3389/fmars.2020.00525 Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.00525 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Codruta O. Ancuti Originator: Cosmin Ancuti Originator: Christophe De Vleeschouwer Originator: Philippe Bekaert Publication_Date: 2017 Title: Color balance and fusion for underwater image enhancement Other_Citation_Details: Ancuti, C.O., Ancuti, C., De Vleeschouwer, C., and Bekaert, P., 2017, Color balance and fusion for underwater image enhancement: IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, v. 27, p. 379-393, doi:10.1109/TIP.2017.2759252 Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1109/TIP.2017.2759252 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Jin-Si R. Over Originator: Andrew C. Ritchie Originator: Christine J. Kranenburg Originator: Jenna A. Brown Originator: Daniel Buscombe Originator: Tom Noble Originator: Christopher R. Sherwood Originator: Jonathan A. Warrick Originator: Philippe A. Wernette Publication_Date: 2021 Title: Processing Coastal Imagery with Agisoft Metashape Professional Edition, Version 1.6--Structure from Motion Workflow Documentation Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 2021-1039 Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211039 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: D. Buscombe Originator: E. B. Goldstein Originator: C. R. Sherwood Originator: C. Bodine Originator: J. A. Brown Originator: J. Favela Originator: S. Fitzpatrick Originator: C. J. Kranenburg Originator: J. R. Over Originator: A. C. Ritchie Originator: J. A. Warrick Originator: P. Wernette Publication_Date: 2022 Title: Human-in-the-loop segmentation of Earth surface imagery Other_Citation_Details: Buscombe, D., Goldstein, E.B., Sherwood, C.R., Bodine, C., Brown, J.A., Favela, J., Fitzpatrick, S., Kranenburg, C.J., Over, J.R., Ritchie, A.C., Warrick, J.A., and Wernette, P., 2022, Human-in-the-loop segmentation of Earth surface imagery: Earth and Space Science, v. 9, no. 3, doi:10.1029/2021EA002085 Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1029/2021EA002085 Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: The accuracy of the position data used for SfM data processing is based on the accuracy of the post-processed GNSS navigation data, which produced a 10-Hz vehicle trajectory with an estimated 2-sigma accuracy of 10 cm horizontal and 15 cm vertical. The horizontal and vertical accuracies of the surface models generated by SfM were assessed with positional error assessments of the cameras and found to be less than 3 cm in the horizontal dimensions and less than 4 cm in the vertical. Logical_Consistency_Report: All data fall within expected ranges. Completeness_Report: Dataset is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. No data were collected in 15 of the 30 potential tiles covered by the 6-by-5 index map. Data in those tiles were either too deep to be captured with an optical system or too shallow to access with the vessel used during data collection. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Previous SfM-based measurements of the field-based Sediment Elevation Table (SET) stations at USGS field sites in the Florida Keys were within 3 cm of the total uncertainty of the field-based GPS measurements. Additionally, the average horizontal scaling of the models was found to be between 0.016 percent and 0.024 percent of water depth. No independent assessment of horizontal accuracy was possible from the Eastern Dry Rocks field site. Vertical_Positional_Accuracy: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Previous SfM-based measurements of the field-based Sediment Elevation Table (SET) stations from USGS field sites in the Florida Keys were within 3 cm of the total uncertainty of the field-based GPS measurements. The average vertical scaling of the models is between 0.016 percent and 0.024 percent of water depth. No independent assessment of vertical accuracy was possible from the Eastern Dry Rocks field site. Lineage: Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Gerald A. Hatcher Originator: Christine J. Kranenburg Originator: Jonathan A. Warrick Originator: Stephen T. Bosse Originator: David G. Zawada Originator: Kimberly K. Yates Originator: Selena A. Johnson Publication_Date: 2022 Title: Overlapping seabed images collected at Eastern Dry Rocks coral reef, Florida, 2021 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: TIFF Publication_Information: Publication_Place: online Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey - Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P93RIIG9 Type_of_Source_Media: digital images Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20210507 Ending_Date: 20210513 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition at time data were collected Source_Citation_Abbreviation: raw images Source_Contribution: raw images to which Structure-from-Motion (SfM) techniques were applied Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Gerald A. Hatcher Originator: Christine J. Kranenburg Originator: Jonathan A. Warrick Originator: Stephen T. Bosse Originator: David G. Zawada Originator: Kimberly K. Yates Originator: Selena A. Johnson Publication_Date: 2022 Title: GNSS locations of seabed images collected at Eastern Dry Rocks coral reef, Florida, 2021 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: comma-delimited text file Publication_Information: Publication_Place: online Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey - Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P93RIIG9 Type_of_Source_Media: ASCII file Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20210507 Ending_Date: 20210513 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition at time data were collected Source_Citation_Abbreviation: GNSS antenna positions Source_Contribution: Location data for the raw images to which Structure-from-Motion (SfM) techniques were applied Process_Step: Process_Description: IMAGERY COLOR CORRECTION Because of the strong color modifications caused by light adsorption and scattering in underwater photographs, a color correction process was conducted on the raw images. The color correction was a twofold process. First, images were corrected for the high adsorption (and low color values) in the red band using the color balancing techniques of Ancuti and others (2017). For this, the red channel was modified using the color compensation equations of Ancuti and others (2017, see equation 4 on page 383) that use both image-wide and pixel-by-pixel comparisons of red brightness with respect to green brightness. After compensation, the images were white balanced using the "greyworld" assumption that is summarized in Ancuti and others (2017). Combined, these techniques ensured that each color band histogram was centered on similar values and had similar spread of values. The remaining techniques of Ancuti and others (2017), which include sharpening techniques and a multi-product fusion, were not employed. The resulting images utilized only about a quarter to a half of the complete 0-255 dynamic range of the three-color bands. Thus, the brightness values of each band were stretched linearly over the complete range while allowing the brightest and darkest 0.05 percent of the original image pixels (that is, 2506 of the 5.013 million pixels) to be excluded from the histogram stretch. This final element was included to ensure that light or dark spots in the photos, which often occurred from water column particles or image noise, did not exert undo control on the final brightness values. Final corrected images were output with the same file names and file types as the originals to make replacement within a SfM photogrammetry project easy. As a courtesy, the script used to implement this procedure is provided as a supplemental file included with this data release. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: raw images Process_Date: 20211201 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: color-corrected images Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Jonathan A. Warrick Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Position: Research Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Physical and Mailing Address: 2885 Mission St. City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95060 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-460-7569 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jwarrick@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: DEHAZING A final step to reduce haze and shadows in the images was performed in Adobe Photoshop. This was achieved by creating a custom action that adjusts the tonal range and intensity of shadows, midtones, and highlights. Using a levels adjustment, the midtone gamma value of the color-corrected images was set to 0.78 and the gamma value of each color channel was shifted by +0.5. A custom Camera Raw filter was then applied with the following parameters: Contrast 10, Highlights -15, Shadows 15 and Dehaze 50. The resulting dehazed images were not used for point cloud or DEM creation--they were used solely for creating a sharper, more color-rich orthoimage. Dehazed images were output with the same file names and file types as the originals to make replacement within the SfM photogrammetry project easy. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: color-corrected images Process_Date: 20220206 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: dehazed images Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Selena A. Johnson Contact_Organization: Cherokee Nation System Solutions, contracted to U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Position: Researcher VII Contact_Address: Address_Type: Physical and Mailing Address: 600 4th Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8000 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: selenajohnson@contractor.usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: SARGASSUM REMOVAL During data collection large mats of floating Sargassum (seaweed) were present in the study area. As the SQUID-5 was towed through these patches, it became tangled in the branches, some of which entered the field of view of the cameras. Images with Sargassum were identified using the Dash Doodler and Segmentation Zoo Machine Learning software packages by Buscombe and others, 2022. The names of these 2,958 images were saved to a text file and used to disable the images in the Metashape project prior to orthoimage creation. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: raw images Process_Date: 20220221 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: Image exclude file list Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Stephen T. Bosse Contact_Organization: Cherokee Nation System Solutions, contracted to U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Position: Researcher I Contact_Address: Address_Type: Physical and Mailing Address: 600 4th Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8000 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: sbosse@contractor.usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: SfM PHOTOGRAMMETRY Digital imagery and position data recorded by the SQUID-5 system were processed using Structure-from-Motion (SfM) photogrammetry techniques that generally follow the workflow outlined by Hatcher and others (2020). These techniques are detailed here and include specific references to parameter settings and processing workflow. The primary software used for SfM processing was Agisoft Metashape Professional, version 1.6.5, build 11249, which will be referred to as "Metashape" in the discussion herein. Because of the large number of images in this dataset, processing was conducted on a 792-CPU-core linux-based High-Performance Computing (HPC) cluster at the USGS Advanced Research Computing (ARC) group (https://doi.org/10.5066/P9XE7ROJ). First, the raw images collected during the six mission days were added to a new project in Metashape. Raw images were used over the color-corrected images, owing to their larger dynamic range, which generally resulted in more SfM tie points. The images were derived from five cameras on the SQUID-5 system, so each camera was assigned a unique camera calibration group in the Camera Calibration settings. Within the Camera Calibration settings, the camera parameters were also entered as 0.00345 x 0.00345 mm pixel sizes for all camera sensors, 8 mm focal length for the central camera (CAM13), and 6 mm focal lengths for the remaining cameras (CAM30, CAM39, CAM75, CAM82). These different focal lengths represented different lenses chosen for each camera. Additionally, the cameras required offsets to transform the GNSS positions to each camera's entrance pupil (that is, optical center). Initial measurements of these offsets were obtained using a separate SfM technique, outlined in Hatcher and others (2020), which found the offsets to be: Camera X(m) Y(m) Z(m) CAM13 0.034 0.011 0.840 CAM30 -0.311 -0.029 0.911 CAM39 0.273 -0.109 0.916 CAM75 0.131 0.559 0.754 CAM82 -0.010 -0.594 0.762 Where X and Y are the camera sensor parallel offsets, and Z is the sensor normal offset. The accuracy settings were chosen to be 0.05 m for all cameras. Lastly, these offsets were allowed to be adjusted using the "Adjust GPS/INS offset" option, because slight camera shifts may occur with each rebuild and use of the SQUID-5 system. The SQUID-5 GNSS antenna positions were then imported into the project and matched with each image by time. The easting and northing (in meters) were obtained from the NAD83 UTM Zone 17N data, and altitudes were obtained from the NAVD88 orthometric heights (in meters). Prior to aligning the data, the Metashape reference settings were assigned. The coordinate system was "NAD83(2011) / UTM zone 17N" The camera accuracy was 0.06 m in the horizontal dimensions and 0.12 m in the vertical, following an examination of the source GNSS data. Tie point accuracy was set at 1.0 pixels. The remaining reference settings were not relevant, because there were no camera orientation measurements, marker points, or scale bars in the SfM project. The data were then aligned in Metashape using the "Align Photos" workflow tool. Settings for the alignment included "High" accuracy and "Reference" preselection using the "Source" information. This latter setting allowed the camera position information to assist with the alignment process. Additionally, the key point limit was set to 50,000 and the tie point limit was assigned a value of zero, which allows for the generation of the maximum number of points for each image. Lastly, neither the "Guided image matching" nor the "Adaptive camera model fitting" options were used. This process resulted in over 253 million tie points. The total positional errors for the cameras were reported to be 0.025 m, 0.021 m, and 0.037 m in the east, north and altitude directions, respectively. Thus, the total positional error was 0.049 m. To improve upon the camera calibration parameters and computed camera positions, an optimization process was conducted that was consistent with the techniques of Hatcher and others (2020), which are based on the general principles provided in Over and others (2021). First, a duplicate of the aligned data was created in case the optimization process eliminated too much data using the "Duplicate Chunk" tool. Within the new chunk, the least valid tie points were removed using the "Gradual Selection" tools. As noted in Hatcher and others (2020), these tools are used less aggressively for the underwater imagery of SQUID-5 than commonly used for aerial imagery owing to the differences in image quality. First, all points with a "Reconstruction Uncertainty" greater than 20 were selected and deleted. Then, all points with a "Projection Accuracy" greater than 8 were selected and deleted. The camera parameters were then recalibrated with the "Optimize Cameras" tool. Throughout this process the only camera parameters that were adjusted were f, k1, k2, k3, cx, cy, p1, and p2. Once the camera parameters were adjusted, all points with "Reprojection Errors" greater than 0.4 were deleted, and the "Optimize Cameras" tool was used one final time. This optimization process resulted in slightly over 147.4 million tie points, a reduction of roughly 40 percent of the original tie points. The camera positional errors were reported to be 0.024 m, 0.020 m, and 0.037 m in the east, north and altitude directions, respectively, and the total positional error was 0.049 m. The final computed arm offsets were found to be: Camera X(m) Y(m) Z(m) CAM13 0.033 0.010 0.829 CAM30 -0.310 -0.031 0.908 CAM39 0.274 -0.114 0.912 CAM75 0.132 0.557 0.749 CAM82 -0.012 -0.596 0.756 Following the alignment and optimization of the SQUID-5 data, mapped SfM products were generated in Metashape. For these steps, the original raw images were replaced with color-corrected images. This replacement was conducted by resetting each image path from the raw image to the color-corrected image. First, a three-dimensional dense point cloud was generated using the "Build Dense Cloud" workflow tool. This was run with the "High" quality setting and the "Moderate" depth filtering, and the tool was set to calculate both point colors and confidence. The resulting dense cloud was over 5.3 billion points over the 0.12 square kilometer survey area, or roughly 44,600 points per square meter (4.46 points per square centimeter). The dense points were classified with the confidence values, which are equivalent to the number of image depth maps that were integrated to make each point. Values of one were assigned "low noise", and values of two and greater were assigned "unclassified". The final Dense cloud was partitioned into blocks (also referred to as tiles) measuring 150 meters on a side, and exported with point colors, confidence, and classification as a LAZ file type. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: raw images Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: color-corrected images Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: GNSS antenna positions Process_Date: 20211210 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: point cloud Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Christine J. Kranenburg Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Position: Cartographer Contact_Address: Address_Type: Physical and Mailing Address: 600 4th Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8000 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ckranenburg@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: GENERATION OF DIGITAL ELEVATION MODEL (DEM) A digital elevation model (DEM), which is a x,y raster of elevation values, was generated from the point cloud using the Metashape "Build DEM" workflow tool using a geographic projection, dense cloud source data, disabled interpolation, and the recommended output resolution of 0.00685 meters. Additionally, the DEM was generated using only the "unclassified" dense points, which excluded the "low noise" dense points. The DEM was partitioned into 150-meter blocks and resampled to a 1-cm resolution pixel size during export. DEM tile boundaries are coincident with those of the point cloud. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: point cloud Process_Date: 20220304 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: DEM Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Christine J. Kranenburg Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Position: Cartographer Contact_Address: Address_Type: Physical and Mailing Address: 600 4th Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8000 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ckranenburg@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: ORTHOIMAGERY GENERATION An orthoimage product was made using the Metashape "Build Orthomosaic" workflow tool using the DEM surface as the base and the dehazed images as the source data. The default "Mosaic" blending mode was selected, hole-filling was enabled but seamlines were not refined. The recommended pixel output size of 0.00343 m was used in generating the original product. The orthomosaic was partitioned into 150-meter blocks and resampled to a 5-mm resolution pixel size during export. Orthomosaic tile boundaries are coincident with those of the DEM and point cloud. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: DEM Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: dehazed images Process_Date: 20220306 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Christine J. Kranenburg Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Position: Cartographer Contact_Address: Address_Type: Physical and Mailing Address: 600 4th Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8000 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ckranenburg@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: The IMAGERY COLOR CORRECTION process step was edited to include information about the Ancuti and others (2017) script that is now being provided as a supplemental file with this data release. Process_Date: 20220719 Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster Raster_Object_Information: Raster_Object_Type: Pixel Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Planar: Grid_Coordinate_System: Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator Universal_Transverse_Mercator: UTM_Zone_Number: 17N Transverse_Mercator: Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.9996 Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -81 Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.0 False_Easting: 500000.0 False_Northing: 0.0 Planar_Coordinate_Information: Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: coordinate pair Coordinate_Representation: Abscissa_Resolution: 0.005 Ordinate_Resolution: 0.005 Planar_Distance_Units: Meters Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1983 (2011) Ellipsoid_Name: GRS 1980 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257222101 Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: The orthoimage is presented as a 4-band (R, G, B plus Alpha) 8-bit unsigned integer GeoTIFF where pixels represent RGB color from the dehazed images and no-data is represented as 0 in the alpha band. The horizontal projection is NAD83(2011) UTM Zone 17N. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: U.S. Geological Survey Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey - CMGDS Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address: 2885 Mission Street City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95060 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1-831-427-4747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pcmsc_data@usgs.gov Resource_Description: These data are available in GeoTIFF format for the entire surveyed area. Distribution_Liability: Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: TIFF Format_Information_Content: Fifteen individual compressed GeoTIFF files available for download range in size from 380 MB to 3.9 GB. File_Decompression_Technique: PKZIP Transfer_Size: 25700 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P93RIIG9 Access_Instructions: The GeoTIFF files can be downloaded by going to the Network_Resource_Name link and scrolling down to the Imagery Data section. File names correspond to the 6-by-5 tile index grid shown in the location map and are named according to the following convention: SQUID5_EDR_2021_Orthomosaic_5mm_col_row.zip, where col represents the column name and can have a value of A-F, and row represents the row number and can have a value of 0-4. Note that 15 of the possible 30 tiles are empty, resulting in 15 orthoimagery data files. Fees: none Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20220719 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Person: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 2885 Mission Street City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95060 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-460-4747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pcmsc_data@usgs.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998