Time series for the central Beaufort Sea coast, Alaska

Frequently anticipated questions:

• What does this data set describe?
  1. How might this data set be cited?
  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?
  3. What does it look like?
  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?
  5. What is the general form of this data set?
  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?
• Who produced the data set?
  1. Who are the originators of the data set?
  2. Who also contributed to the data set?
  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
• Why was the data set created?
• How was the data set created?
  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?
  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?
• How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?
  1. How well have the observations been checked?
  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
  5. How consistent are the relationships among the data, including topology?
• How can someone get a copy of the data set?
  1. Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
  2. Who distributes the data?
  3. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set?
  4. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
  5. How can I download or order the data?
• Who wrote the metadata?

What does this data set describe?

1. How might this data set be cited?
   Engelstad, Anita, Nederhoff, Kees, and Erikson, Li, 20210930, Time series for the central Beaufort Sea coast, Alaska: data release DOI:10.5066/P990NDMQ, U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, California.

   Online Links:

   • https://doi.org/10.5066/P990NDMQ

2. What geographic area does the data set cover?

   West_Bounding_Coordinate: -153.34074
   East_Bounding_Coordinate: -140.85206
   North_Bounding_Coordinate: 71.7992958
   South_Bounding_Coordinate: 69.3537766
   

3. What does it look like?

   StudyArea_LocationMap.png (PNG)

   Satellite image showing the location of the study area and the boundaries of the overall, intermediate, and detailed grids used in the SWAN model.

4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?

   Beginning_Date: 01-Jan-1979

   Ending_Date: 31-Dec-2019

   Currentness_Reference:

   hindcast period

5. What is the general form of this data set?

   Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: NetCDF
   

6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
   1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
      
   2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
      

      Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator
      Universal_Transverse_Mercator:

      UTM_Zone_Number: 6
      Transverse_Mercator:

      Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.9996
      Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -147.00000
      Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.00000
      False_Easting: 500000.0
      False_Northing: 0.00
      

      Planar coordinates are encoded using row and column
      Abscissae (x-coordinates) are specified to the nearest 200
      Ordinates (y-coordinates) are specified to the nearest 200
      Planar coordinates are specified in Meters
      The horizontal datum used is NAD83.
      The ellipsoid used is GRS80.
      The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378137.00.
      The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/298.257223563.
      

      Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition:

      Altitude_System_Definition:

      Altitude_Datum_Name: approximate Mean Sea Level
      Altitude_Resolution: 0.01
      Altitude_Distance_Units: meters
      Altitude_Encoding_Method:

      Explicit elevation coordinate included with horizontal coordinates

7. How does the data set describe geographic features?

   Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:

   NetCDF files are self-contained and attribute information may be found in the header of the file itself.

   Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:

   The entity and attribute information were generated by the individual and/or agency identified as the originator of the data set. Please review the rest of the metadata record for additional details and information.

Who produced the data set?

1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
   • Anita Engelstad
   • Kees Nederhoff
   • Li Erikson
2. Who also contributed to the data set?
3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
   U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center

   Attn: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator

   2885 Mission Street

   Santa Cruz, CA
   

   831-427-4747 (voice)

   pcmsc_data@usgs.gov

Why was the data set created?

The purpose of this data release is to provide researchers, engineers, and other potential users with time series results from the SWAN wave model of the central Beaufort Sea coast of Alaska. This model was developed through collaborative work between the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and Deltares USA. Financial support was provided by the USGS Coastal Marine Hazards and Resources Program and U.S. Bureau of Ocean Energy Management through Interagency Agreement M17PG00046 for the project titled: ‘Wave and Hydrodynamic Modelling Within the Nearshore Beaufort Sea.’ This data release does not intend to provide comprehensive oceanic input data from outside sources, nor does the use of those products imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.

How was the data set created?

1. From what previous works were the data drawn?

   ERA5 (source 1 of 2)

   Copernicus Climate Change Service, 2017, ERA5: Fifth generation of ECMWF atmospheric reanalyses of the global climate: Copernicus Climate Change Service Climate Data Store, online.

   Online Links:

   • https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/cdsapp#!/home

   Type_of_Source_Media: online database
   Source_Contribution: reanalyzed atmospheric, land and oceanic climate variables
   

   IBCAO (source 2 of 2)

   IBCAO Version 4.0 Compilation Group, 2020, The International Bathymetric Chart of the Arctic Ocean (IBCAO) Version 4.0.: British Oceanographic Data Centre, National Oceanography Centre, NERC, UK, online.

   Online Links:

   • https://www.gebco.net/data_and_products/gridded_bathymetry_data/arctic_ocean/

   Type_of_Source_Media: online database
   Source_Contribution:

   gridded continuous terrain model covering land and ocean in the Arctic region

2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?

   Date: 30-Jun-2020 (process 1 of 4)

   Obtained topobathymetric elevation data and generated grid bathymetries for wave simulations. Data sources used in this process:

   • IBCAO

   Date: 15-Aug-2020 (process 2 of 4)

   Generated input for wave simulations Data sources used in this process:

   • ERA5

   Date: 01-May-2021 (process 3 of 4)

   Ran and tested wave simulations with Simulating Waves Nearshore (SWAN; Booij and others, 1999) for all domains. This included model validation with observations where available and initial QC checks. For additional information see Nederhoff and others, 2021.

   Date: 13-Oct-2021 (process 4 of 4)

   Performed minor edits to the metadata to correct typos. No data were changed Person who carried out this activity:
   

   U.S. Geological Survey

   Attn: Susan A. Cochran

   Geologist

   2885 Mission Street

   Santa Cruz, CA
   

   831-460-7545 (voice)

   scochran@usgs.gov

3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?
   Booij, Nico, Ris, Roeland, and Holthuijsen, Leo, 1999, A third-generation wave model for coastal regions. I- Model description and validation.

   Online Links:

   • https://doi.org/10.1029/98jc02622

   Other_Citation_Details:

   Booij, N., Ris, R.C., and Holthuijsen, L.H., 1999, A third-generation wave model for coastal regions; I- Model description and validation: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 104, p. 7649–7666.

   Nederhoff, Kees, Erikson, Li, Engelstad, Anita, Bieniek, Peter, and Kasper, Jeremy, 2021, The effect of changing sea ice on nearshore wave climate trends along Alaska’s central Beaufort Sea coast.

   Online Links:

   • https://doi.org/XXXXX

   Other_Citation_Details:

   Nederhoff, K., Erikson, L., Engelstad, A., Bieniek, P., and Kasper, J., 2021, The effect of changing sea ice on nearshore wave climate trends along Alaska’s central Beaufort Sea coast: The Cryosphere

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

1. How well have the observations been checked?
   Model outputs were compared to observed waves in the central Beaufort Sea to assess the accuracy of simulated results. Total root-mean-square error (RMSE) was less than 0.6 m for significant wave heights at all of the measurement sites. For more details see Nederhoff and others, 2021.
2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
   A formal accuracy assessment of the horizontal positional information in the data set has not been conducted.
3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
   A formal accuracy assessment of the vertical positional information in the data set has not been conducted.
4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
   Dataset is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract.
5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
   All data fall within expected ranges.

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?

Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:

USGS-authored or produced data and information are in the public domain from the U.S. Government and are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize and acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey and Deltares USA as the originator(s) of the dataset and in products derived from these data. This information is not intended for navigation purposes.

1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)
   
   U.S. Geological Survey - CMGDS

   2885 Mission Street

   Santa Cruz, CA
   

   831-427-4747 (voice)

   pcmsc_data@usgs.gov
2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set? Downloadable data in NetCDF format.
3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?

   Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty.

4. How can I download or order the data?
   • Availability in digital form:

     Data format:	wavemodel_timeSeries_1979to1989.zip contains time series in NetCDF format for the years 1979-1989 (1 NetCDF file for each year). in format NetCDF (version SWAN version 41.31) Size: 15400
     Network links:	https://doi.org/10.5066/P990NDMQ

     Data format:	wavemodel_timeSeries_1990to1999.zip contains time series in NetCDF format for the years 1990-1999 (1 NetCDF file for each year). in format NetCDF (version SWAN version 41.31) Size: 14000
     Network links:	https://doi.org/10.5066/P990NDMQ

     Data format:	wavemodel_timeSeries_2000to2009.zip contains time series in NetCDF format for the years 2000-2009 (1 NetCDF file for each year). in format NetCDF (version SWAN version 41.31) Size: 13900
     Network links:	https://doi.org/10.5066/P990NDMQ

     Data format:	wavemodel_timeSeries_2010to2019.zip contains time series in NetCDF format for the years 2010-2019 (1 NetCDF file for each year). in format NetCDF (version SWAN version 41.31) Size: 13800
     Network links:	https://doi.org/10.5066/P990NDMQ

   • Cost to order the data: None.

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:

Last modified: 13-Oct-2021

Metadata author:

U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center

Attn: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator

2885 Mission Street

Santa Cruz, CA

831-427-4747 (voice)

pcmsc_data@usgs.gov

Metadata standard:

Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)