Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Daniel J. Nowacki Originator: Andrew W. Stevens Originator: Nathan R. vanArendonk Originator: Eric E. Grossman Publication_Date: 20211211 Title: Time-series measurements of pressure, conductivity, temperature, and water level collected in Puget Sound and Bellingham Bay, Washington, USA, 2018 to 2021 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: NetCDF files Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/P9JTFJ6M Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, California Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9JTFJ6M Description: Abstract: Pressure, conductivity, temperature, and water level relative the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88) were measured at seven locations in Puget Sound and Bellingham Bay, Washington, USA, from November 2, 2018 to June 4, 2021. These data were collected using submersible pressure-conductivity-temperature sensors mounted on piers to support studies of extreme water levels and flooding hazards in the region. Purpose: These water-level data were collected in support of Puget Sound - Coastal Storm Modeling System (PS-CoSMoS), a numerical modeling system to predict coastal flooding and coastal change impacts associated with sea-level rise, storms, and river flooding driven by change in climate and land use. In part, the observations are used to calibrate and validate water levels simulated by PS-CoSMoS. Supplemental_Information: Additional information about the field activities from which these data were derived is available online at: https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2018-678-FA https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2019-602-FA https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2019-637-FA https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2019-652-FA https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2020-635-FA https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2021-649-FA Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20181102 Ending_Date: 20210604 Currentness_Reference: ground condition at time data were collected Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -123.1410499 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -122.3846892 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 48.762701 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 47.0512439 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier Theme_Keyword: USGS:9cf55f55-6a09-40c5-8602-1d2038da9959 Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: Oceans Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Data Categories for Marine Planning Theme_Keyword: Water Column Features Theme_Keyword: Distributions Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: ocean salinity Theme_Keyword: water temperature Theme_Keyword: surface-water level Theme_Keyword: ocean sciences Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Marine Realms Information Bank (MRIB) keywords Theme_Keyword: physical oceanography Theme_Keyword: water level measurements Theme_Keyword: oceanography Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey Theme_Keyword: USGS Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program Theme_Keyword: CMHRP Theme_Keyword: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Theme_Keyword: PCMSC Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) Place_Keyword: Puget Sound Place_Keyword: Hood Canal Place_Keyword: Bellingham Bay Place_Keyword: Whatcom County Place_Keyword: Island County Place_Keyword: Thurston County Place_Keyword: Pierce County Place_Keyword: Mason County Place_Keyword: Kitsap County Place_Keyword: Snohomish County Place_Keyword: State of Washington Access_Constraints: None Use_Constraints: USGS-authored or produced data and information are in the public domain from the U.S. Government and are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize and acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator(s) of the dataset and in products derived from these data. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Person: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 2885 Mission Street City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95060 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-427-4747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pcmsc_data@usgs.gov Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: oak_harbor_pswl.jpg Browse_Graphic_File_Description: Photo of stilling well containing water-level sensor deployed at Oak Harbor, Washington Browse_Graphic_File_Type: JPEG Native_Data_Set_Environment: Python 3.8.12 and xarray 0.20.0 running on macOS 11.6.1 Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: The specified accuracy of the In-Situ Aqua TROLL 200 is (conductivity): ± 0.5 percent of reading + 1 μS/cm when reading less than 80,000 μS/cm, ± 1.0 percent of reading when reading above 80,000 μS/cm; (pressure): ±0.05 percent FS from -5 to 50 degrees C; (temperature): ±0.1 degrees C. Logical_Consistency_Report: No formal logical accuracy tests were conducted. Completeness_Report: Dataset is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: A formal accuracy assessment of the horizontal positional information in the data set has not been completed. Vertical_Positional_Accuracy: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: The elevations of the sensors were determined using a combination of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) surveys and tape-down measurements. Upon initial sensor deployment at each location, a survey marker was established and at least three one-minute GNSS occupations were performed to establish the marker elevation. The GNSS positions were post-processed with Trimble Business Center software to apply differential corrections from a nearby GNSS continuously operating reference station operated by the Washington State Reference Network (WSRN; http://www.wsrn3.org/) relative to the North American Datum of 1983 (2011 realization) reference frame. Orthometric elevations relative to the NAVD88 vertical datum were computed using offsets from the National Geodetic Survey Geoid12B geoid model. Once the positions of the survey markers were established, synchronous observations of the vertical distance between the survey marker and water surface elevation using a tape measure and depth measurements from the in-situ sensors were used to determine the elevations of the sensors. An estimate of the accuracy of the offset used to convert depth to water-surface elevation relative to NAVD88 was computed by propagating the combined uncertainties in a) the elevation of the survey marker as determined from repeat GNSS occupations, b) the sum of the tape-down measurements (measurements from the survey marker to the water surface) and the computed height of the water column above the pressure sensor as determined from repeat measurements. The maximum uncertainty in the offset across all sites is estimated to be 0.033 m. Uncertainties for each site are included in the metadata of each netCDF file. This uncertainty does not explicitly include instrument accuracy as described in the Attribute Accuracy Report above. Lineage: Process_Step: Process_Description: Beginning on November 2, 2018, In-Situ Aqua TROLL 200 sensors were deployed at seven locations, typically piers, around Puget Sound and Bellingham Bay. The sensors were suspended within 2-inch PVC stilling wells attached to pier pilings. All parameters were measured at 15-minute intervals during the deployments, except for during periodic servicing trips or when the instruments were not recording because of sensor failure or battery depletion. For most files, each 15-minute measurement is a burst-average of 60 measurements collected at 1 Hz. For Olympia deployment B an average of 10 samples was used. For Hoodsport deployment B a single sample per 15-minute interval was recorded. Specifics are given in the metadata of the netCDF files. Recording ceased on June 4, 2021. Process_Date: 20210604 Process_Step: Process_Description: Upon initial sensor deployment at each location, a survey marker was established and at least three one-minute occupations using a GNSS system were performed to establish the marker elevation. During subsequent servicing trips, the marker was again occupied with the GNSS system to determine any potential vertical motion of the pier or surrounding area. Tape-down measurements from the survey marker to the water surface were made along with pressure, conductivity, and temperature reported by the instrument to relate the recorded parameters to water-surface elevation relative to a known vertical datum. The resulting offset was applied to the recorded data to produce the reported time-series of water-surface elevation. The offsets are given in the metadata of the netCDF files. Variability in the marker elevation and tape-down measurements was used to estimate the uncertainty in the reported water-surface elevation. Process_Date: 20210914 Process_Step: Process_Description: Data downloaded from the instruments were ingested using the xarray Python package. Data quality assurance and quality control was performed by inspecting all variables and removing spurious values. Details of which portions of data were flagged and removed are available in the netCDF metadata. Attributes conforming to CF (Climate and Forecast) Conventions version 1.6 were added and the dataset was serialized to netCDF. All times are in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). Filenames are named using the convention xxxYtroll-a.nc, where “xxx” is the first three letters of the site name, and “Y” is a letter (A through D) corresponding to the sequential deployment at each location. Process_Date: 20211110 Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Indirect_Spatial_Reference: Data were collected continuously at each sensor. Refer to self-contained netCDF files for more location information. Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Geographic: Latitude_Resolution: 0.000001 Longitude_Resolution: 0.000001 Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal degrees Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: D_WGS_1984 Ellipsoid_Name: WGS_1984 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257224 Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition: Altitude_System_Definition: Altitude_Datum_Name: North American Vertical Datum of 1988 Altitude_Resolution: 0.001 Altitude_Distance_Units: meters Altitude_Encoding_Method: Explicit elevation coordinate included with horizontal coordinates Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: NetCDF files are self-contained and attribute information may be found in the header of the file itself. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: The entity and attribute information was generated by the individual and/or agency identified as the originator of the data set. Please review the rest of the metadata record for additional details and information. Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey - CMGDS Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 2885 Mission Street City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95060 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-427-4747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pcmsc_data@usgs.gov Resource_Description: Downloadable data in netCDF format. NetCDF files are named by site location code and deployment sequence at each site. Distribution_Liability: Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: NetCDF Format_Version_Number: netCDF-4, CF-1.6 Format_Information_Content: Time-series data in netCDF format following Climate and Forecast (CF) Metadata Conventions version 1.6. File download sizes range from 104.4 kB to 2.8 MB. File_Decompression_Technique: No compression applied Transfer_Size: 2.8 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9JTFJ6M Access_Instructions: Data can be downloaded using the Network_Resource_Name link. Fees: None. Technical_Prerequisites: These data can be viewed with any software capable of reading netCDF files. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20211211 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Person: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 2885 Mission Street City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95060 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-427-4747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pcmsc_data@usgs.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998