Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Kevin M. Befus Originator: Daniel J. Hoover Originator: Patrick L. Barnard Publication_Date: 20230128 Title: Projected groundwater emergence and shoaling along the North and South Carolina coasts Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: polygon shapefile Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/P9W91314 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Santa Cruz, California Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9W91314 Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Patrick L. Barnard Originator: Kevin Befus Originator: Jeffrey J. Danielson Originator: Anita C. Engelstad Originator: Li H. Erikson Originator: Amy C. Foxgrover Originator: Matthew W. Hardy Originator: Daniel J. Hoover Originator: Tim Leijnse Originator: Chris Massey Originator: Robert McCall Originator: Norberto C. Nadal-Caraballo Originator: Kees Nederhoff Originator: Leonard Ohenhen Originator: Andrea C. O’Neill Originator: Kai A. Parker Originator: Manoocher Shirzaei Originator: Xin Su Originator: Jennifer A. Thomas Originator: Maarten van Ormondt Originator: Sean F. Vitousek Originator: Kilian Vos Originator: Madison C. Yawn Publication_Date: 2023 Title: Future coastal hazards along the U.S. North and South Carolina coasts Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/P9W91314 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, CA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9W91314 Description: Abstract: Groundwater emergence and shoaling extents are derived from water table depth GeoTIFFs, which are calculated as steady-state groundwater model heads subtracted from high-resolution topographic digital elevation model (DEM) land surface elevations. Results are provided as shapefiles of water table depth in specific depth ranges. Purpose: Projections for future sea-level rise provide emergency responders and coastal planners with critical hazards information that can be used to increase public safety, mitigate physical damages, and more effectively manage and allocate resources within complex coastal settings. These data are intended for policy makers, resource managers, science researchers, students, and the general public. These data can be used with geographic information systems or other software to identify and assess possible areas of vulnerability. These data are not intended to be used for navigation. Supplemental_Information: This data release was funded by the Additional Supplemental Appropriations for Disaster Relief Act of 2019 (H.R. 2157) for North Carolina and South Carolina. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20080101 Ending_Date: 2022 Currentness_Reference: oldest dataset used through year of publication Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None Planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -81.469853 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -75.444681 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 36.630934 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 31.870736 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier Theme_Keyword: USGS:41b221ce-cc95-45fc-ab1f-cfc58d92b62a Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Data Categories for Marine Planning Theme_Keyword: Physical Habitats and Geomorphology Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Theme_Keyword: Hazards Planning Theme_Keyword: Beaches Theme_Keyword: Sea Level Rise Theme_Keyword: Floods Theme_Keyword: Water Depth Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: Climate Change Theme_Keyword: Floods Theme_Keyword: Groundwater Flow Theme_Keyword: Sea-level Change Theme_Keyword: mathematical modeling Theme_Keyword: effects of climate change Theme_Keyword: earth sciences Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: Oceans Theme_Keyword: GeoscientificInformation Theme_Keyword: InlandWaters Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Marine Realms Information Bank (MRIB) keywords Theme_Keyword: sea level change Theme_Keyword: floods Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey Theme_Keyword: USGS Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program Theme_Keyword: CMHRP Theme_Keyword: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Theme_Keyword: PCMSC Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Geographic Names Information System Place_Keyword: State of North Carolina Place_Keyword: State of South Carolina Access_Constraints: none Use_Constraints: USGS-authored or produced data and information are in the public domain from the U.S. Government and are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize and acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey and the University of Arkansas as the originators of the dataset and in products derived from these data. This information is not intended for navigation purposes. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Person: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 2885 Mission Street City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95060-5792 Country: US Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-460-4747 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 831-427-4748 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pcmsc_data@usgs.gov Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: GWHazards_WTdepth_binned_browse_graphic.png Browse_Graphic_File_Description: Map showing water table depth results along the coasts of North and South Carolina for the K x 1 and present-day sea-level rise (0m) scenario. Colors represent binned water table depths relative to the ground surface, including areas of emergent (flooded) groundwater (red). Browse_Graphic_File_Type: PNG Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: Attribute values are model-derived water table depths for present-day and future sea-level rise conditions. The model uses parameters from calibrated and published groundwater models and is intended to show the general response of the shallow coastal water table to sea-level rise. Water table depths are calculated relative to the best-available ground surface elevations from available digital elevation models (DEMs), but DEM inaccuracies introduce additional uncertainty into calculated water table depths. Projected water tables for future sea-level rise conditions cannot be validated against observations. Logical_Consistency_Report: Data have undergone quality checks and meet standards. Completeness_Report: Dataset is considered complete for the information presented. Users are advised to read the metadata record carefully for additional details. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Data are concurrent with topographic digital elevation model (DEM) locations. Vertical_Positional_Accuracy: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Model-derived head elevations are accurate within the limitations of the model. The model uses parameters from calibrated, published groundwater models, but limitations due to model resolution and uncertainty in model parameter values may significantly affect modeled head elevations. For water table depths, modeled heads are subtracted from land surface elevations from the best available digital elevation models (DEMs). DEM inaccuracy will introduce additional uncertainty into water table depth results. As a result, water table depth results are intended to show only the general response of the shallow coastal water table to sea-level rise. Lineage: Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Kevin M. Befus Originator: Daniel J. Hoover Originator: Patrick L. Barnard Publication_Date: 2023 Title: Projected water table depths along the North and South Carolina coasts Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster Publication_Information: Publication_Place: online Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9W91314 Type_of_Source_Media: digital dataset Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20080101 Ending_Date: 2022 Source_Currentness_Reference: oldest dataset used through year of publication Source_Citation_Abbreviation: water table depth Source_Contribution: raster depths that were converted to polygons by depth range Process_Step: Process_Description: Using water table depth raster data, a polygon shapefile was created for inundated (marine) areas and for water table depths in specific depth ranges (emergent, 0-1m, 1-2m, 2-5m, >5m). Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: water table depth Process_Date: 20220305 Process_Step: Process_Description: Edits were made to correct spelling in author name. No data were changed. The metadata available from a harvester may supersede metadata bundled within a download file. Users are advised to compare the metadata date of this file to any similar file to ensure they are using the most recent version. (scochran@usgs.gov) Process_Date: 20230516 Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Planar: Grid_Coordinate_System: Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator Universal_Transverse_Mercator: UTM_Zone_Number: 17 Transverse_Mercator: Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.999600 Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -81.000000 Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.000000 False_Easting: 500000.000000 False_Northing: 0.000000 Planar_Coordinate_Information: Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: row and column Coordinate_Representation: Abscissa_Resolution: 10.000000 Ordinate_Resolution: 10.000000 Planar_Distance_Units: meters Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: GCS WGS 1984 Ellipsoid_Name: Geodetic Reference System 80 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257224 Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition: Depth_System_Definition: Depth_Datum_Name: NAVD88 Depth_Resolution: 1.0 Depth_Distance_Units: meters Depth_Encoding_Method: Implicit coordinate Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: projected water table depths Entity_Type_Definition: shapefiles of projected water table depths for the State, SLR, and K case specified. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: originators at United States Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Attribute: Attribute_Label: fbin_m Attribute_Definition: Depth range code Attribute_Definition_Source: producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: -1 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: inundated (marine) Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 0 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: emergent Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 1 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: 0 to 1 meter Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 2 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: 1 to 2 meters Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 5 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: 2 to 5 meters Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 7 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: deeper than 5 meters Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: producer defined Attribute: Attribute_Label: type Attribute_Definition: type of polygon: terrestrial or marine/tidal Attribute_Definition_Source: producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: terrestrial Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: terrestrial groundwater polygon Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: marine/tidal Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: surface flooding polygon associated with marine inundation due to sea-level rise, or with tidal flooding associated with the Mean Higher-High Water coastal boundary condition. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: producer defined Attribute: Attribute_Label: wtdepth Attribute_Definition: Water table depth associated with specific fbin_m code Attribute_Definition_Source: producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: marine/tidal Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: surface flooding of marine or tidal origin (fbin_m code -1) Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 0m, emergent Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: surface flooding associated with terrestrial groundwater emerging at the ground surface (fbin_m code 0). Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 0-1m, very shallow Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: groundwater table between the ground surface and 1m below the surface (fbin_m code 1). Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 1-2m, shallow Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: groundwater table between 1 and 2m below the ground surface (fbin_m code 2). Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 2-5mm, moderate Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: groundwater table between 2 and 5m below the ground surface (fbin_m code 5). Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: >5m, deep Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: groundwater table greater than 5m below the ground surface (fbin_m code 7). Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: producer defined Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey - CMGDS Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 2885 Mission Street City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95060 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-427-4747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pcmsc_data@usgs.gov Resource_Description: Zip files (GWHazards_EmergShoaling_NC_Kx0p1_WTbins.ZIP, GWHazards_EmergShoaling_NC_Kx1 _WTbins.ZIP, GWHazards_EmergShoaling_NC_Kx10 _WTbins.ZIP, GWHazards_EmergShoaling_SC_Kx0p1_WTbins.ZIP, GWHazards_EmergShoaling_SC_Kx1 _WTbins.ZIP, GWHazards_EmergShoaling_SC_Kx10 _WTbins.ZIP) contain shapefiles of binned water table depth projections for all 8 SLR cases for the State and hydraulic conductivity (K) indicated. When unzipped, individual groundwater emergence and shoaling shapefiles have filenames with the structure “EmergShoaling (St_abbrev)_Kzell(K#)_slr(SLR#)m_10m_wtbins”, where St_abbrev is the abbreviated State name (NC, SC), K# is 0p1, 1, or 10, and SLR# is 0p00, 0p25, 0p50, 1p00, 1p50, 2p00, 2p50, or 3p00.File sizes are in MB. Distribution_Liability: Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: Shapefile Format_Version_Number: ArcGIS 10.5 Format_Specification: Features are shapefiles and are projected in UTM Zone 17 coordinates, with horizontal datum GCS_WGS_1984 and vertical datum NAVD88. Format_Information_Content: The .zip file (GWHazards_EmergShoaling_NC_Kx0p1_WTbins.zip) includes 8 shapefiles for the State of North Carolina, K x 0.1 hydraulic conductivities, SLRs of 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0m. File_Decompression_Technique: WinZip Transfer_Size: 434.5 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9W91314 Access_Instructions: Data can be downloaded using the Network_Resource_Name link then scrolling down to the Simulation Data section. Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: Shapefile Format_Version_Number: ArcGIS 10.5 Format_Specification: Features are shapefiles and are projected in UTM Zone 17 coordinates, with horizontal datum GCS_WGS_1984 and vertical datum NAVD88. Format_Information_Content: The .zip file (GWHazards_EmergShoaling_NC_Kx1_WTbins.zip) includes 8 shapefiles for the State of North Carolina, K x 1 hydraulic conductivities, SLRs of 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0m. File_Decompression_Technique: WinZip Transfer_Size: 418.6 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9W91314 Access_Instructions: Data can be downloaded using the Network_Resource_Name link then scrolling down to the Simulation Data section. Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: Shapefile Format_Version_Number: ArcGIS 10.5 Format_Specification: Features are shapefiles and are projected in UTM Zone 17 coordinates, with horizontal datum GCS_WGS_1984 and vertical datum NAVD88. Format_Information_Content: The .zip file (GWHazards_EmergShoaling_NC_Kx10_WTbins.zip) includes 8 shapefiles for the State of North Carolina, K x 10 hydraulic conductivities, SLRs of 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0m. File_Decompression_Technique: WinZip Transfer_Size: 328.4 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9W91314 Access_Instructions: Data can be downloaded using the Network_Resource_Name link then scrolling down to the Simulation Data section. Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: Shapefile Format_Version_Number: ArcGIS 10.5 Format_Specification: Features are shapefiles and are projected in UTM Zone 17 coordinates, with horizontal datum GCS_WGS_1984 and vertical datum NAVD88. Format_Information_Content: The .zip file (GWHazards_EmergShoaling_SC_Kx0p1_WTbins.zip) includes 8 shapefiles for the State of South Carolina, K x 0.1 hydraulic conductivities, SLRs of 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0m. File_Decompression_Technique: WinZip Transfer_Size: 266.0 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9W91314 Access_Instructions: Data can be downloaded using the Network_Resource_Name link then scrolling down to the Simulation Data section. Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: Shapefile Format_Version_Number: ArcGIS 10.5 Format_Specification: Features are shapefiles and are projected in UTM Zone 17 coordinates, with horizontal datum GCS_WGS_1984 and vertical datum NAVD88. Format_Information_Content: The .zip file (GWHazards_EmergShoaling_SC_Kx1_WTbins.zip) includes 8 shapefiles for the State of South Carolina, K x 1 hydraulic conductivities, SLRs of 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0m. File_Decompression_Technique: WinZip Transfer_Size: 261.4 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9W91314 Access_Instructions: Data can be downloaded using the Network_Resource_Name link then scrolling down to the Simulation Data section. Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: Shapefile Format_Version_Number: ArcGIS 10.5 Format_Specification: Features are shapefiles and are projected in UTM Zone 17 coordinates, with horizontal datum GCS_WGS_1984 and vertical datum NAVD88. Format_Information_Content: The .zip file (GWHazards_EmergShoaling_SC_Kx10_WTbins.zip) includes 8 shapefiles for the State of South Carolina, K x 10 hydraulic conductivities, SLRs of 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0m. File_Decompression_Technique: WinZip Transfer_Size: 192.1 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9W91314 Access_Instructions: Data can be downloaded using the Network_Resource_Name link then scrolling down to the Simulation Data section. Fees: none Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20230516 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Person: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 2885 Mission Street City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95060-5792 Country: US Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-460-4747 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 831-427-4748 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pcmsc_data@usgs.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998