Satellite-derived shorelines for North Carolina and South Carolina (1984-2021)

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Metadata:

Identification_Information
Data_Quality_Information
Spatial_Data_Organization_Information
Spatial_Reference_Information
Entity_and_Attribute_Information
Distribution_Information
Metadata_Reference_Information

Identification_Information:

Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Sean F. Vitousek
Originator: Kilian Vos
Originator: Patrick L. Barnard
Originator: Andrea C. O’Neill
Publication_Date: 20230128
Title:

Satellite-derived shorelines for North Carolina and South Carolina (1984-2021)

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Shoreline positions in Google Earth KMZ formats
Series_Information:

Series_Name: data release
Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/P9W91314

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, CA
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9W91314
Larger_Work_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Patrick L. Barnard
Originator: Kevin Befus
Originator: Jeffrey J. Danielson
Originator: Anita C. Engelstad
Originator: Li H. Erikson
Originator: Amy C. Foxgrover
Originator: Matthew W. Hardy
Originator: Daniel J. Hoover
Originator: Tim Leijnse
Originator: Chris Massey
Originator: Robert McCall
Originator: Norberto C. Nadal-Caraballo
Originator: Kees Nederhoff
Originator: Leonard Ohenhen
Originator: Andrea C. O’Neill
Originator: Kai A. Parker
Originator: Manoocher Shirzaei
Originator: Xin Su
Originator: Jennifer A. Thomas
Originator: Maarten van Ormondt
Originator: Sean F. Vitousek
Originator: Kilian Vos
Originator: Madison C. Yawn
Publication_Date: 2023
Title:

Future coastal hazards along the U.S. North and South Carolina coasts

Series_Information:

Series_Name: data release
Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/P9W91314

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, CA
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9W91314

Description:

Abstract:

This dataset contains shoreline positions derived from available Landsat satellite imagery for North Carolina and South Carolina for the time period of 1984 to 2021. Positions were determined using CoastSat (Vos and others, 2019a and 2019b), an open-source mapping toolbox, was used to classify coastal Landsat imagery and detect shorelines at the sub-pixel scale. To understand shoreline evolution in complex environments and operate long-term simulations illustrating potential shoreline positions in the next century (Vitousek and others, 2017, 2021), robust historical shoreline data is necessary. Satellite-derived shorelines (SDS) offer expansive shoreline observational data over large geographic and temporal scales. Resulting shorelines for the period of 1984-2021 are presented in KMZ format. Significant uncertainty is associated with the locations of shorelines in extremely dynamic regions, including at the locations of river mouths, tidal inlets, capes, and ends of spits. These data are readily viewable in Google Earth. For best display of results, it is recommended to turn off any 3D viewing. For technical users and researchers, data can be ingested into Global Mapper or QGIS for more detailed analysis.

Purpose:

These data provide estimates of automatically detected coastal shoreline position for resource managers, science researchers, students, and the general public. These data can be used with geographic information systems, shoreline evolution models, or other software to assist identifying and assessing possible areas of vulnerability, along with appropriate inclusion of uncertainty. These data are not intended to be used for navigation or in lieu of definitive shoreline datasets.

Supplemental_Information:

This data release was funded by the Additional Supplemental Appropriations for Disaster Relief Act of 2019 (H.R. 2157) for North Carolina and South Carolina. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.

Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Range_of_Dates/Times:

Beginning_Date: 20200301
Ending_Date: 20230215

Currentness_Reference: project start through publication date

Status:

Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned

Spatial_Domain:

Bounding_Coordinates:

West_Bounding_Coordinate: -81.41555
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -75.44948
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 36.55215
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 32.03543

Keywords:

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier
Theme_Keyword: USGS:4619e959-c055-4ee2-884f-3d1224f300f9

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Global Change Master Directory
Theme_Keyword: Hazards Planning
Theme_Keyword: Ocean Waves
Theme_Keyword: Erosion
Theme_Keyword: Sea Level Rise
Theme_Keyword: Extreme Weather

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
Theme_Keyword: Oceans
Theme_Keyword: ClimatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Data Categories for Marine Planning
Theme_Keyword: Physical Habitats and Geomorphology

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus
Theme_Keyword: Climate Change
Theme_Keyword: Storms
Theme_Keyword: Sea-level Change

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Marine Realms Information Bank (MRIB) keywords
Theme_Keyword: sea level change
Theme_Keyword: waves
Theme_Keyword: coastal erosion

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey
Theme_Keyword: USGS
Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program
Theme_Keyword: CMHRP
Theme_Keyword: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
Theme_Keyword: PCMSC

Place:

Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Geographic Names Information System (GNIS)
Place_Keyword: State of South Carolina
Place_Keyword: State of North Carolina

Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:

USGS-authored or produced data and information are in the public domain from the U.S. Government and are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize and acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator(s) of the dataset and in products derived from these data.

Point_of_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization:

U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center

Contact_Person: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 2885 Mission Street
City: Santa Cruz
State_or_Province: CA
Postal_Code: 95060

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-427-4747
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pcmsc_data@usgs.gov

Browse_Graphic:

Browse_Graphic_File_Name: SatelliteDerivedShorelines_NC_SC.png
Browse_Graphic_File_Description:

Image map showing study area for the satellite derived shorelines of North and South Carolina.

Browse_Graphic_File_Type: png

Data_Set_Credit:

This data release was funded by the Additional Supplemental Appropriations for Disaster Relief Act of 2019 (H.R. 2157) for North Carolina and South Carolina.

Native_Data_Set_Environment:

The datasets were created in a Windows 11 Operating system, using Matlab v2020 and python 3.7. Results were output and saved as KMZs.

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: S.F. Vitousek
Originator: P.L. Barnard
Originator: P.W. Limber
Originator: L.H. Erikson
Originator: B. Cole
Publication_Date: 2017
Title:

A model integrating longshore and cross-shore processes for predicting long-term shoreline response to climate change

Other_Citation_Details:

Vitousek, S., Barnard, P.L., Limber, P., Erikson, L.H., and Cole, B., 2017, A model integrating longshore and cross-shore processes for predicting long-term shoreline response to climate change, Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, v. 122, p. 782-806.

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JF004065

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: S.F. Vitousek
Originator: L. Cagigal
Originator: J. Montano
Originator: A. Rueda
Originator: F. Mendez
Originator: G. Coco
Originator: P.L. Barnard
Publication_Date: 2021
Title:

The application of ensemble wave forcing to quantify uncertainty of shoreline change predictions

Other_Citation_Details:

Vitousek, S., Cagigal, L., Montaño, J., Rueda, A., Mendez, F., Coco, G., and Barnard, P. L., 2021, The application of ensemble wave forcing to quantify uncertainty of shoreline change predictions, Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, v. 126(7).

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JF005506

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: K. Vos
Originator: M.D. Harley
Originator: K.D. Splinter
Originator: J.A. Simmons
Originator: I.L. Turner
Publication_Date: 2019
Title:

Sub-annual to multi-decadal shoreline variability from publicly available satellite imagery

Other_Citation_Details:

Vos, K., Harley, M. D., Splinter, K. D., Simmons, J. A., and Turner, I. L., 2019a, Sub-annual to multi-decadal shoreline variability from publicly available satellite imagery, Coastal Engineering, v. 150, p. 160-174.

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2019.04.004

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: K. Vos
Originator: K.D. Splinter
Originator: M.D. Harley
Originator: J.A. Simmons
Originator: I.L. Turner
Publication_Date: 2019
Title:

CoastSat: A Google Earth Engine-enabled Python toolkit to extract shorelines from publicly available satellite imagery

Other_Citation_Details:

Vos, K., Splinter, K. D., Harley, M. D., Simmons, J. A., and Turner, I. L., 2019b, CoastSat: A Google Earth Engine-enabled Python toolkit to extract shorelines from publicly available satellite imagery, Environmental Modelling and Software, v. 122, 104528.

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2019.104528

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: K. Vos
Originator: M.D. Harley
Originator: K.D. Splinter
Originator: A. Walker
Originator: I.L. Turner
Publication_Date: 2020
Title: Beach slopes from satellite‐derived shorelines
Other_Citation_Details:

Vos, K., Harley, M. D., Splinter, K. D., Walker, A., and Turner, I. L, 2020, Beach slopes from satellite‐derived shorelines, Geophysical Research Letters, v. 47(14).

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL088365

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: N. Gorelick
Originator: M. Hancher
Originator: M. Dixon
Originator: S. Ilyshechenko
Originator: D. Thau
Originator: R. Moore
Publication_Date: 2017
Title:

Google Earth Engine: Planetary-scale geospatial analysis for everyone

Other_Citation_Details:

Gorelick, N., Hancher, M., Dixon, M., Ilyushchenko, S., Thau, D., and Moore, R., 2017, Google Earth Engine: Planetary-scale geospatial analysis for everyone, Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 202, p. 18-27.

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2017.06.031

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: E.A. Himmelstoss
Originator: A.S. Farris
Originator: R.E. Henderson
Originator: M.G. Kratzmann
Originator: A. Ergul
Originator: O. Zhang
Originator: J.L. Zichichi
Originator: R.E. Thieler
Publication_Date: 2021
Title: Digital Shoreline Analysis System (version 5.1)
Other_Citation_Details:

Himmelstoss, E.A., Farris, A.S., Henderson, R.E., Kratzmann, M.G., Ergul, Ayhan, Zhang, Ouya, Zichichi, J.L., Thieler, E. R., 2021, Digital Shoreline Analysis System (version 5.1): U.S. Geological Survey software release, https://code.usgs.gov/cch/dsas.

Online_Linkage: https://code.usgs.gov/cch/dsas

Data_Quality_Information:

Attribute_Accuracy:

Attribute_Accuracy_Report:

Attribute values are estimates of shoreline position based on satellite imagery. The accuracy of this method was assessed by Vos and others (2019a), who compared data with ground-based surveys at Duck, North Carolina. In line with these estimates, authors are using a cross-shore horizontal error of 10 m (root mean square error) in most locations. In dynamic locations, including areas such as river mouths, capes, and ends of spits, uncertainty is greater, and positions should be inspected and used with care.

Logical_Consistency_Report:

Data have undergone QA/QC and fall within expected/reasonable ranges.

Completeness_Report: Data set is considered complete for the information presented.
Positional_Accuracy:

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Data are concurrent with specified transect locations.

Vertical_Positional_Accuracy:

Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: N/A

Lineage:

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: U.S. Geological Survey
Publication_Date: 2021
Title:

Landsat imagery (from Landsat 5-8) for North Carolina and South Carolina coasts

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: image
Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: online
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey

Online_Linkage: https://earthengine.google.com/

Type_of_Source_Media: online database
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Range_of_Dates/Times:

Beginning_Date: 19840101
Ending_Date: 20211231

Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Landsat imagery
Source_Contribution:

The archive of Landsat 5-8 satellite imagery accessed through Google Earth Engine was used to derive shoreline positions for the study area.

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Carrere, L.
Originator: Lyard, F.
Originator: Cancet, M.
Originator: Guillot, A.
Originator: Picot, N.
Publication_Date: 20160501
Title:

FES (Finite Element Solution) 2014, a new tidal model—Validation results and perspectives for improvements

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: model
Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: online
Publisher: AVISO

Online_Linkage:

https://www.aviso.altimetry.fr/es/data/products/auxiliary-products/global-tide-fes/description-fes2014.html

Type_of_Source_Media: online model
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 20160501

Source_Currentness_Reference: tide height predictions using a finite element solution model

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: FES 2014
Source_Contribution:

Tidal corrections in the shoreline position were made tiwth tide height predicted from the FES 2014 model.

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

Set up CoastSat toolbox (Vos and others, 2019a and 2019b) for implementation along the region of interest. Toolbox set up in python 3.7 to run for geography spanning coastline for North Carolina and South Carolina for the time period of 01 March 1984 to 27 April 2021. The beach slopes used for the tidal corrections were automatically derived from the raw satellite shorelines using the method explained by Vos and others (2020). CoastSat operates on transects modified from the transects of the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS; Himmelstoss and others, 2021). The transects were grouped (including a 500 m lateral buffer) into several different bounding boxes for which the satellite imagery was extracted. The bounding boxes had an average size of 16 km2 (a maximum of 32 km2 and a minimum of 1 km2).

Process_Date: 20210209

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

Ran CoastSat toolbox on Landsat imagery available through Google Earth Engine (Gorelick and others, 2017) for geography and time period of interest. Only cloudless imagery or imagery with less than 50 percent cloud cover was used. Imagery had horizontal resolution of 30 m, which was pan-sharpened to 15 m. Tidal corrections were applied using tide heights estimated from the FES 2014 Tidal model.

Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: FES 2014, Landsat imagery
Process_Date: 20210401

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

Checked output to ensure quality results. These shorelines represent the automatically detected shoreline segments as identified by CoastSat (no other adjustments). The accuracy of the satellite-derived shoreline (SDS) for this area was addressed in Vos and others (2019a), who compared SDS observations with ground-based surveys at Duck, NC. They found an RMS accuracy of about 9 m (root mean square error). Lacking additional, sufficient ground-based observations for the purposes of further robust error estimates, authors use an error of 10 m (in root mean square error) for the SDS dataset. In dynamic locations, including areas such as river mouths, capes, and ends of spits, uncertainty is greater, and locations should be inspected and used with care.

Process_Date: 20210915

Process_Step:

Process_Description: Checked all output to ensure quality results.
Process_Date: 20211216

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

Organized final extracted shorelines into KMZ files grouped by state, with North Carolina split into northern and southern portions for considerations of file-size constraints. Shorelines are represented as lines colored based on the date of imagery acquisition. Older shorelines are displayed in blue, and in red for newer shorelines.

Process_Date: 20220110

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

Edits were made to correct spelling in author name. No data were changed. The metadata available from a harvester may supersede metadata bundled within a download file. Users are advised to compare the metadata date of this file to any similar file to ensure they are using the most recent version. (scochran@usgs.gov)

Process_Date: 20230516

Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:

Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector
Point_and_Vector_Object_Information:

SDTS_Terms_Description:

SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: GT-polygon composed of chains
Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 100000

Spatial_Reference_Information:

Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:

Geographic:

Latitude_Resolution: 0.000001
Longitude_Resolution: 0.000001
Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal Degrees

Geodetic_Model:

Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum 1983
Ellipsoid_Name: Geodetic Reference System 80
Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000
Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257222

Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition:

Depth_System_Definition:

Depth_Datum_Name: NAVD88
Depth_Resolution: 1.0
Depth_Distance_Units: meters
Depth_Encoding_Method: Implicit coordinate

Entity_and_Attribute_Information:

Detailed_Description:

Entity_Type:

Entity_Type_Label:

Shoreline positions for historical period (1984-2021) for North Carolina and South Carolina, derived from satellite imagery

Entity_Type_Definition:

KMZ file consists of shoreline positions derived from imagery of North Carolina and South Carolina coasts. Shorelines are represented as lines colored based on the date of imagery acquisition. Older shorelines are displayed in blue, and in red for newer shorelines.

Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Producer Defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: CoastSat_shoreline
Attribute_Definition:

Position of unique shoreline segment derived from satellite imagery for date and time indicated.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer Defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain:

geographic position of shoreline derived from satellite imagery.

Overview_Description:

Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:

Shoreline positions for period 1984-2021 across North Carolina and South Carolina.

Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:

Shoreline positions for period 1984-2021 across North Carolina and South Carolina. The KMZ files consist of shoreline positions derived from satellite imagery. Shorelines are represented as lines colored based on the date of imagery acquisition. Older shorelines are displayed in blue, and in red for newer shorelines.

Distribution_Information:

Distributor:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey - CMGDS

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 2885 Mission Street
City: Santa Cruz
State_or_Province: CA
Postal_Code: 95060

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-427-4747
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pcmsc_data@usgs.gov

Resource_Description:

These data are available in KMZ format in zip files, by state. North Carolina is further divided into 2 parts (north and south) for user considerations pertaining to file size (Satellite_Derived_Shorelines_NC_north.zip, Satellite_Derived_Shorelines_NC_south.zip, and Satellite_Derived_Shorelines _SC.zip)

Distribution_Liability:

Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty.

Standard_Order_Process:

Digital_Form:

Digital_Transfer_Information:

Format_Name: KML
Format_Version_Number: Google Earth Pro (version 7.3, Google, 2017)
Format_Specification:

Features are in KMZ format (a zipped form of KML) and are projected in UTM Zone 17 and 18 coordinates, with horizontal datum NAD83 and vertical datum NAVD88.

Format_Information_Content: The .zip file contains KMZ files for South Carolina
File_Decompression_Technique: WinZip
Transfer_Size: 51.4

Digital_Transfer_Option:

Online_Option:

Computer_Contact_Information:

Network_Address:

Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9W91314

Access_Instructions:

Data can be downloaded using the Network_Resource_Name link then scrolling down to the Satellite Data section.

Digital_Form:

Digital_Transfer_Information:

Format_Name: KML
Format_Version_Number: Google Earth Pro (version 7.3, Google, 2017)
Format_Specification:

Features are in KMZ format (a zipped form of KML) and are projected in UTM Zone 17 and 18 coordinates, with horizontal datum NAD83 and vertical datum NAVD88.

Format_Information_Content:

The .zip file contains KMZ files for North Carolina (northern part)

File_Decompression_Technique: WinZip
Transfer_Size: 45.9

Digital_Transfer_Option:

Online_Option:

Computer_Contact_Information:

Network_Address:

Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9W91314

Access_Instructions:

Data can be downloaded using the Network_Resource_Name link then scrolling down to the Satellite Data section.

Digital_Form:

Digital_Transfer_Information:

Format_Name: KML
Format_Version_Number: Google Earth Pro (version 7.3, Google, 2017)
Format_Specification:

Features are in KMZ format (a zipped form of KML) and are projected in UTM Zone 17 and 18 coordinates, with horizontal datum NAD83 and vertical datum NAVD88.

Format_Information_Content:

The .zip file contains KMZ files for North Carolina (southern part)

File_Decompression_Technique: WinZip
Transfer_Size: 41.5

Digital_Transfer_Option:

Online_Option:

Computer_Contact_Information:

Network_Address:

Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9W91314

Access_Instructions:

Data can be downloaded using the Network_Resource_Name link then scrolling down to the Satellite Data section.

Fees: None.

Technical_Prerequisites:

These data can be viewed with Google Earth software, and other compatible GIS software such as Global Mapper or QGIS.

Metadata_Reference_Information:

Metadata_Date: 20230516
Metadata_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization:

U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center

Contact_Person: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 2885 Mission Street
City: Santa Cruz
State_or_Province: CA
Postal_Code: 95060

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-427-4747
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pcmsc_data@usgs.gov

Metadata_Standard_Name: Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998

This page is <https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/catalog/pcmsc/DataReleases/CMGDS_DR_tool/DR_P9W91314/Satellite_Derived_Shorelines_metadata.html>