Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Gibbs, Ann E. Originator: Ohman, Karin A. Originator: Coppersmith, Ryan Originator: Richmond, Bruce M. Publication_Date: 20240911 Title: Shorelines from 1947 to 2017 for the eastern Beaufort Sea coast of Alaska (U.S. Canadian Border to the Hulahula River) used in shoreline change analysis Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data (polyline) Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: 10.5066/F72Z13N1 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/F72Z13N1 Online_Linkage: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/663a5a13d34e77890839b079 Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Gibbs, Ann E. Originator: Ohman, Karin A. Originator: Coppersmith, Ryan Originator: Richmond, Bruce M. Publication_Date: 2017 Title: National Assessment of Shoreline Change: A GIS compilation of updated vector shorelines and associated shoreline change data for the North Coast of Alaska, U.S. Canadian Border to Icy Cape (ver. 2.0, September 2024) Edition: 2.0 Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: 10.5066/F72Z13N1 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, CA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Other_Citation_Details: Suggested Citation: Gibbs, A.E., Ohman, K.A., Coppersmith, R., and Richmond, B.M., 2017, National Assessment of Shoreline Change: A GIS compilation of updated vector shorelines and associated shoreline change data for the north coast of Alaska, U.S. Canadian border to Icy Cape (ver. 2.0, September 2024): U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/F72Z13N1. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/F72Z13N1 Description: Abstract: This dataset includes historical shoreline positions that span 70 years, from 1947 to 2017, for the north coast of Alaska between the U.S. Canadian Border to the Hulahula River. Shorelines were compiled from topographic survey sheets (T-sheets; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)), aerial orthophotographs (U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Conoco-Philips (CP), British Petroleum Alaska (BPXA), and NOAA), satellite imagery (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) and State of Alaska), and lidar elevation data (USGS). Historical shoreline positions serve as easily understood features that can be used to describe the movement of beaches through time. These data are used to calculate rates of shoreline change. Rates of long-term (70 years) and short-term (less than 40 years) shoreline change were generated in a GIS using the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) version 5.1. DSAS uses a measurement baseline method to calculate rate-of-change statistics. Transects are cast from the reference baseline to intersect each shoreline, establishing measurement points used to calculate shoreline change rates. Purpose: Coastal erosion is a persistent process along most open-ocean shores of the United States and affects both developed and natural coastlines. Along the Arctic coast of Alaska, coastal erosion is widespread and threatens communities, defense and energy-related infrastructure, and coastal habitat. As the coast changes, there are a wide range of ways that change can affect coastal communities, habitats, and the physical characteristics of the coast-including beach erosion, shoreline retreat, land loss, and damage to infrastructure. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is responsible for conducting research on coastal change hazards, understanding the processes that cause coastal change, and developing models to forecast future change. To understand and adapt to shoreline change, accurate information regarding the past and present configurations of the shoreline is essential and a comprehensive, nationally consistent analysis of shoreline movement is needed. To meet this national need, the USGS is conducting an analysis of historical shoreline changes along open-ocean coasts of the United States and parts of the Great Lakes. In Alaska, coastlines sheltered from open-ocean wave conditions by barrier islands are also included in the analysis because of their importance to defense and energy-related infrastructure and to understand the similarities, differences, and linkages in coastal behavior and physical processes acting on exposed and sheltered permafrost coastlines. This dataset is one in a series of regionally focused reports on historical shoreline change. As more data are gathered, periodic updates are made, which provide information that can be used in multidisciplinary assessments of global change impacts. Supplemental_Information: Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this Federal Geographic Data Committee-compliant metadata file is intended to document the dataset in nonproprietary form, as well as in Esri format, this metadata file may include some Esri-specific terminology. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 1947 Ending_Date: 2017 Currentness_Reference: ground condition Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -144.089148 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -140.997226 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 70.154678 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 69.629409 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: oceans Theme_Keyword: environment Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Data Categories for Marine Planning Theme_Keyword: Distributions Theme_Keyword: Physical/Chemical Features Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: coastal processes Theme_Keyword: geospatial datasets Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Marine Realms Information Bank (MRIB) keywords Theme_Keyword: shoreline accretion Theme_Keyword: shoreline erosion Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey Theme_Keyword: USGS Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program Theme_Keyword: CMHRP Theme_Keyword: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Theme_Keyword: PCMSC Theme_Keyword: Shoreline Theme_Keyword: Shoreline change Theme_Keyword: Digital Shoreline Analysis System Theme_Keyword: DSAS Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier Theme_Keyword: USGS:663a5a13d34e77890839b079 Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) Place_Keyword: State of Alaska Place_Keyword: North Slope Place_Keyword: Beaufort Sea Place_Keyword: Demarcation Bay Place_Keyword: Jago River Place_Keyword: Barter Island Place_Keyword: Kaktovik Place_Keyword: Okpilak River Place_Keyword: Hulahula River Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: Arctic National Wildlife Refuge Place_Keyword: United States of America Place_Keyword: Arctic Place_Keyword: ANWR Access_Constraints: No access constraints Use_Constraints: USGS-authored or produced data and information are in the public domain from the U.S. Government and are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize and acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator(s) of the dataset and in products derived from these data. These data are not to be used for navigation. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Person: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 2885 Mission Street City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95060 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-427-4747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pcmsc_data@usgs.gov Data_Set_Credit: U.S. Geological Survey Native_Data_Set_Environment: Generated as a feature class contained in a Personal Geodatabase by DSAS in ArcGIS. Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Gibbs, A.E. Originator: Richmond B.M. Publication_Date: 2017 Title: National Assessment of Shoreline Change: Summary Statistics for Updated Vector Shorelines and Associated Shoreline Change Data for the North Coast of Alaska, U.S.--Canadian Border to Icy Cape Other_Citation_Details: Gibbs, A.E., and Richmond, B.M., 2017, National Assessment of Shoreline Change: Summary Statistics for Updated Vector Shorelines and Associated Shoreline Change Data for the North Coast of Alaska, U.S.--Canadian Border to Icy Cape: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2017�1107, 21 p. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20171107 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Ann E. Gibbs Originator: Bruce M. Richmond Publication_Date: 2015 Title: National Assessment of Shoreline Change--Historical Shoreline Change along the North Coast of Alaska, U.S.--Canadian Border to Icy Cape Other_Citation_Details: Gibbs, A.E., and Richmond, B.M., 2015, National assessment of shoreline change�Historical shoreline change along the north coast of Alaska, U.S.�Canadian border to Icy Cape: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015�1048, 96 p. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151048 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Emily A. Himmelstoss Originator: Rachel E. Henderson Originator: Meredith G. Kratzmann Originator: Amy S. Farris Publication_Date: 2021 Title: Digital Shoreline Analysis System (version 5.1) User Guide Other_Citation_Details: Himmelstoss, E.A., Henderson, R.E., Kratzmann, M.G., and Farris, A.S., 2021, Digital Shoreline Analysis System (version 5.1) User Guide: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021-1091. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211091 Online_Linkage: https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20211091 Online_Linkage: https://www.usgs.gov/centers/whcmsc/science/digital-shoreline-analysis-system-dsas Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Emily A. Himmelstoss Originator: Amy S. Farris Originator: Rachel E. Henderson Originator: Meredith G. Kratzmann Originator: Ayhan Ergul Originator: Ouya Zhang Originator: Jessica L. Zichichi Originator: E. Robert Thieler Publication_Date: 2018 Title: Digital Shoreline Analysis System (version 5.1): U.S. Geological Survey Software Other_Citation_Details: Current software at time of use was 5.1. The second link directs to the DSAS project page. Online_Linkage: https://code.usgs.gov/cch/dsas/-/tree/v5.1?ref_type=tags Online_Linkage: https://www.usgs.gov/centers/whcmsc/science/digital-shoreline-analysis-system-dsas Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: The data provided here are a compilation of shorelines from multiple sources, spanning 70 years. The attributes in this table record positional and measurement uncertainties and datum offsets calculated during the process of extracting the land/water interface shoreline from the orthoimagery data as described in the process steps. The attributes are based on the requirements of the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) software and have gone through a series of quality assurance procedures. Logical_Consistency_Report: Adjacent shoreline segments do not overlap and are not necessarily continuous. Shorelines were quality checked for accuracy. Any slight offsets between adjacent segments due to georeferencing and digitizing error are taken into account in the uncertainty of the shoreline position, as reported in this metadata file. For more information see Gibbs and Richmond (2017). Completeness_Report: This shoreline file is complete and contains all shoreline segments used to calculate shoreline change rates along sections of the specified Alaska coastal region where shoreline position data were available. These data adequately represented the shoreline position at the time of the survey. Remaining gaps in these data are a consequence of non-existing data or existing data that did not meet quality assurance standards. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: The horizontal accuracy of the shoreline data varies with respect to the data source from which the shorelines were digitized, the lidar data from which the shorelines were extracted, and the time period. Shorelines digitized from the 1940s and 1980s era T-sheets have an estimated total shoreline position uncertainty of plus or minus 16 meters. Shorelines digitized from the 1980s era Alaska High Altitude Photography (AHAP) have an estimated shoreline position uncertainty of plus or minus 10 meters. Shorelines digitized from 1997-2007 orthophotographs have an estimated total shoreline position uncertainty of plus or minus 3 to 6 meters. Shorelines digitized from 2003 QuickBird imagery have an estimated total shoreline position uncertainty of plus or minus 6 meters. Shorelines digitized from 2009-2012 lidar data have an estimated total shoreline position uncertainty of plus or minus 3 to 10 meters. Shorelines digitized from the 2017 NOAA orthophotography have an estimated positional uncertainty of plus or minus 3 to 10 meters. Please visit the 'Estimation of Shoreline Position Uncertainty' section in Gibbs and Richmond (2017) for a complete explanation of the measurement uncertainties associated with these shorelines. Lineage: Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Publication_Date: Unknown Title: Scanned National Ocean Service (NOS) Coastal Survey Maps (also known as Topographic Survey sheets, or T-sheets) Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Raster Digital Data Set Online_Linkage: https://shoreline.noaa.gov/data/datasheets/t-sheets.html Online_Linkage: https://nosimagery.noaa.gov/images/shoreline_surveys/survey_scans/NOAA_Shoreline_Survey_Scans.html Type_of_Source_Media: Digital Data (.tif) Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 19470701 Ending_Date: 19870701 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition at time data were collected Source_Citation_Abbreviation: T-sheet shorelines Source_Contribution: T-sheet imagery used as data source for Mean-High-Water (MHW) shorelines Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Originator: Arctic Landscape Conservation Cooperative Originator: University of Alaska, Fairbanks� Alaska Satellite Facility and the Geographic Information Network of Alaska Publication_Date: Unpublished material Title: Orthorectified 1:64,000-scale color-infrared Alaska High-Altitude Aerial Photography Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Raster Digital Data Set Type_of_Source_Media: Digital Data (.tif) Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 19780708 Ending_Date: 19820728 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition at time data were collected Source_Citation_Abbreviation: AHAP imagery Source_Contribution: AHAP imagery was used to delineate the instantaneous land-water interface shoreline. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: British Petroleum - Alaska Publication_Date: Unpublished material Title: Barrier Island vector shorelines Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Vector Digital Data Set Type_of_Source_Media: ESRI shapefile Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 19970724 Ending_Date: 20010830 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition at time data were collected Source_Citation_Abbreviation: BPXA vector shoreline Source_Contribution: BPXA vector shoreline imagery was used as an instantaneous land-water shoreline position Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: British Petroleum - Alaska Publication_Date: Unpublished material Title: BPXA Orthoimagery Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Raster Digital Data Set Type_of_Source_Media: Digital Data (.tif) Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20060724 Ending_Date: 20070704 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition at time data were collected Source_Citation_Abbreviation: BPXA orthoimagery Source_Contribution: BPXA orthoimagery was used to delineate the instantaneous land-water interface shoreline. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Conoco-Phillips Publication_Date: Unpublished material Title: Conoco Phillips Orthoimagery Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Raster Digital Data Set Type_of_Source_Media: Digital Data (.tif) Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20040701 Ending_Date: 20060701 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition at time data were collected Source_Citation_Abbreviation: ConocoPhillips orthoimagery Source_Contribution: ConocoPhillips orthoimagery was used to delineate the instantaneous land-water interface shoreline. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Publication_Date: Unpublished material Title: Quickbird orthoimagery Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Raster Digital Data Set Type_of_Source_Media: Digital Data (.tif) Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20030829 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition at time data were collected Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Quickbird orthoimagery Source_Contribution: Quickbird orthoimagery was used to delineate the instantaneous land-water interface shoreline. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Publication_Date: 2012 Title: LiDAR Scenes Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Remote-Sensing Imagery and LAS elevation data Publication_Information: Publication_Place: online Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center Online_Linkage: https://lta.cr.usgs.gov/LIDAR Type_of_Source_Media: Digital Data Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20090902 Ending_Date: 20100803 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition at time data were collected Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Lidar DEMs Source_Contribution: Lidar DEMs were used to delineate the instantaneous land-water interface shoreline. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Alaska Geospatial Council (AGC) Publication_Date: 2017 Title: Alaska Statewide Best Data Layer (BDL) Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Remote-Sensing Imagery Publication_Information: Publication_Place: online Publisher: State of Alaska Department of Natural Resources Online_Linkage: http://gis.dnr.alaska.gov/ Type_of_Source_Media: Digital Data Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20090902 Ending_Date: 20100708 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition at time data were collected Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Best data layer Source_Contribution: The BDL was used to delineate the instantaneous land-water interface shoreline. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Office for Coastal Management Publication_Date: 2023 Title: 2017 NOAA NGS Natural Color 8 Bit Imagery: Demarcation, AK Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Raster Digital Data Set Publication_Information: Publication_Place: online Publisher: NOAA Office for Coastal Management Online_Linkage: https://coast.noaa.gov/dataviewer/#/imagery/search/where:ID=8474 Type_of_Source_Media: Digital Data Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20170718 Ending_Date: 20170719 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition at time data were collected Source_Citation_Abbreviation: 2017 NOAA imagery Source_Contribution: 2017 NOAA imagery was used to delineate the instantaneous land-water interface (LWI) or Mean High Water (MHW) shoreline position Process_Step: Process_Description: Data from the previously-published National Assessment of Shoreline Change: Summary Statistics for Updated Vector Shorelines and Associated Shoreline Change Data for the North Coast of Alaska, U.S.--Canadian Border to Icy Cape (USGS Open-File Report 2017-1107) and associated data release (https://doi.org/10.5066/F72Z13N1)were used as the starting point for this update. New shoreline positions were digitized from the 2017 NOAA imagery. Process_Date: 2023 Process_Step: Process_Description: T-sheets were geo-registered using Esri ArcMap software (v9.3) by placing 8-20 well-spaced ground control points (GCP) at gridline intersections and applying a third-order polynomial transformation. Some T-sheets may have required additional coordinate transformation information from NOAA to account for datum offsets between historical datums (USSD) and modern datums (NAD27 or NAD83). Datum transformations were applied to GCP coordinates prior to registration. Total root-mean-square error (RMSE) for the rectification process was maintained below 0.0001 degrees, which is approximately 11 m at this latitude. Typically the resulting RMSE was much lower than 0.0001 degree. Process_Date: 2009 Process_Step: Process_Description: T-sheet and Nautical chart derived shorelines were projected in Esri's ArcToolbox (v.9.3) Data Management Tools >; Projections and Transformations >; Feature >; Project. Parameters: input projection = geographic (NAD 83); output projection = UTM zone XN (NAD 83; where X is the corresponding UTM zone). Process_Date: 2010 Process_Step: Process_Description: Vector shorelines were digitized from pre-2017 data sources using standard editing tools in ArcMap v9.3 or v10.3 using criteria described in Gibbs and Richmond (2015; http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151048). Quality assessments were performed, and shorelines were edited to remove any overlap between adjacent shorelines. Process_Date: 2016 Process_Step: Process_Description: Pre-2017 vector shorelines were reprojected to a common coordinate system (NAD_1983_2011_Alaska_Albers) and merged in Esri's ArcToolbox; Data Management Tools > General > Merge to produce a single shoreline file. Process_Date: 2023 Process_Step: Process_Description: 2017 vector shorelines were digitized from the 2017 NOAA imagery using standard editing tools in ArcMap v 10.8.1 and criteria described in Gibbs and Richmond (2015; http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151048). Quality assessments were performed, and shorelines were edited to remove any overlap between adjacent shorelines. Process_Date: 2023 Process_Step: Process_Description: Shorelines from pre-2017 and 2017 sources were merged in Esri's ArcToolbox; Data Management Tools > General > Merge to produce a single shoreline file. Process_Date: 2023 Process_Step: Process_Description: The merged shoreline file was imported into a personal geodatabase in ArcCatalog v.10.8.1 by right-clicking on the geodatabase > Import (feature class) for use with the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) v. 5.1 software to calculate rate of change statistics. Process_Date: 2023 Process_Step: Process_Description: The shoreline feature class was exported from the personal geodatabase back to a shapefile in Esri's ArcCatalog v.10.8.1 by right-clicking on the shoreline file > Export > To Shapefile (single) for publication purposes. Process_Date: 2023 Process_Step: Process_Description: The data were projected in Esri's ArcToolbox v. 10.8.1 > Data Management Tools > Projections and Transformations > Feature > Project. Parameters: input projection = (NAD_1983_2011_Alaska_Albers); output projection = geographic coordinates (WGS84); transformation = WGS_1984_(ITRF08)_To_NAD_1983. The final shoreline dataset was coded with attribute fields Date_, Year_, Uncy, Default_D, DSAS_Inclu, Source, Source_a, and Shape_Leng. Process_Date: 2023 Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector Point_and_Vector_Object_Information: SDTS_Terms_Description: SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: String Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 1187 Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Geographic: Latitude_Resolution: 0.0000001 Longitude_Resolution: 0.0000001 Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal degrees Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: WGS_1984 Ellipsoid_Name: WGS 84 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.0 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257224 Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: Attribute Table Entity_Type_Definition: Table containing attribute information associated with the data set. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute: Attribute_Label: FID Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number Attribute_Definition_Source: Esri Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated Attribute: Attribute_Label: Shape Attribute_Definition: Feature geometry Attribute_Definition_Source: Esri Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Coordinates defining the feature. Attribute: Attribute_Label: DATE_ Attribute_Definition: Date of survey (MM/DD/YYYY), as indicated on source material from which shoreline position was digitized. The precision of the date provided is specified in the �Default_D� attribute. When only the year was defined, July 1 was used for the month and day. When only the month and year were defined, the first of the month was used. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 07/29/1947 Range_Domain_Maximum: 07/19/2017 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Year_ Attribute_Definition: Year of survey (YYYY) as indicated on source material from which shoreline position was digitized. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 1947 Range_Domain_Maximum: 2017 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Uncy Attribute_Definition: Total shoreline position uncertainty, in meters. Actual shoreline position is within the range of this value. The uncertainty was determined by equation 1 in Gibbs and Richmond (2017). Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 3 Range_Domain_Maximum: 16 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Default_D Attribute_Definition: Number that indicates the precision of the source imagery collection date. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey. Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 0 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: The year, month, and day of source imagery collection are known. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey. Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 1 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: The year and month of source imagery collection is known. An arbitrary day of 01 was assigned. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey. Attribute: Attribute_Label: DSAS_Inclu Attribute_Definition: A binary value given to identify which shoreline segments were used in the shoreline change analysis (DSAS_Inclu = 1) and shoreline segments that were not used in the shoreline change analysis, but included for context (DSAS_Inclu = 9999). For example, two shorelines of the same year may be present on the source material, both of which are included in the shorelines dataset to provide additional morphological context. The seaward-most shoreline was selected for shoreline change analysis. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 1 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Shoreline segment that was used in shoreline change analysis Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 9999 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Shoreline segment that was not used in shoreline change analysis Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute: Attribute_Label: Source Attribute_Definition: Agency that provided shoreline feature and the data source used to digitize shoreline feature. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Alaska SDMI orthoimagery Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: SPOT satellite image mosaic compiled as part of the Alaska State Digital Mapping Initiative Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: BPXA, Orthoimagery Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Aerial orthoimagery from British Petroleum, Alaska Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: BPXA, vector shoreline Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Vector shorelines digitized from aerial orthoimagery by British Petroleum, Alaska Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: ConocoPhillips, Orthoimagery Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Aerial orthoimagery from Conoco-Phillips Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: NASA, Alaska High Altitude Photography Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Orthorectified Alaska high altitude photography mosaics Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: NOAA, T-Sheet Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration Topographic Sheets Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: USFWS, QuickBird satellite imagery Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Digital Globe Quickbird satellite image mosaics Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: USGS, Lidar Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Digital elevation models derived from lidar elevation data Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: NOAA, Orthoimagery Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Digital elevation models derived from lidar elevation data Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute: Attribute_Label: Source_a Attribute_Definition: Specific source ID of data used to digitize shoreline feature. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Source data IDs are assigned by the data providers Attribute: Attribute_Label: SHAPE_Leng Attribute_Definition: Length of shoreline segment in meters Attribute_Definition_Source: Esri Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 11.55 Range_Domain_Maximum: 23973.27 Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: The entity and attribute information provided here describes the tabular data associated with the data set. Please review the detailed descriptions that are provided (the individual attribute descriptions) for information on the values that appear as fields/table entries of the data set. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: The entity and attribute information were generated by the individual and/or agency identified as the originator of the data set. Please review the rest of the metadata record for additional details and information. Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey - Science Base Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302 City: Denver State_or_Province: CO Postal_Code: 80225 Country: CA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 888-275-8747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: sciencebase@usgs.gov Resource_Description: These data are available in shapefile format contained in a single zip file, which also includes CSDGM FGDC-compliant metadata. Distribution_Liability: Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: Shapefile Format_Version_Number: ArcGIS Desktop 10.8.1 Format_Specification: Esri polyline shapefile Format_Information_Content: These files (.cpg, .dbf, .prj, .sbn, .sbx, .shp, and .shx) are a collection of files with a common filename prefix and must be downloaded and stored in the same directory. Together they are the components of the shapefile and include FGDC CSDGM-compliant metadata. File_Decompression_Technique: Use WinZip or equivalent Transfer_Size: 1.5 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/663a5a13d34e77890839b079 Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/663a5a13d34e77890839b079 Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/F72Z13N1 Access_Instructions: Data can be downloaded using the Network_Resource_Name links. The first link is a direct link to download the zipped file of data and metadata. The second link points to a landing page with metadata and data. The third link points to the landing page for the overall data release. Fees: None. Technical_Prerequisites: These data are available in a polyline shapefile format. The user must have software to read and process the data components of a shapefile. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20240911 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Person: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 2885 Mission Street City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95060 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-427-4747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pcmsc_data@usgs.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998