Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Edwin P.L. Elias Originator: Curt D. Storlazzi Publication_Date: 2019 Title: Dynamically downscaled future wave projections from SWAN model results for the main Hawaiian Islands Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: NetCDF files Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/F7G73CP1 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, California Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/F7G73CP1 Online_Linkage: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/5919fd6be4b0a7fdb43b3433 Description: Abstract: Projected wave climate trends from WAVEWATCH3 model output were used as input for nearshore wave models (for example, SWAN) for the main Hawaiian Islands to derive data and statistical measures (mean and top 5 percent values) of wave height, wave period, and wave direction for the recent past (1996-2005) and future projections (2026-2045 and 2085-2100). Three-hourly global climate model (GCM) wind speed and wind direction output from four different GCMs provided by the Coupled Model Inter-Comparison Project, phase 5 (CMIP5), were used as boundary conditions to the physics-based WAVEWATCH3 numerical wave model for the area encompassing the main Hawaiian islands. Two climate change scenarios for each of the four GCMs were run: the representative concentration pathway (RCP)-4.5 and RCP-8.5, representing a medium mitigation and a high emissions scenario, respectively. Simulation timeframes were limited to the years 2026-2045 and 2085-2100, as prescribed by the CMIP5 modeling framework. The WAVEWATCH3 modeled deep-water wave heights, wave periods, and wave directions, with current bathymetry were used as boundary conditions to drive simulations of mean and top 5 percent wave conditions at higher resolution over the insular shelves of the main Hawaiian islands using the 3rd-generation SWAN wave model. For each scenario, 12 simulations were made representing the month-averaged or top 5 percent conditions. The SWAN model is based on discrete spectral action balance equations, computing the evolution of random, short-crested waves. Physical processes such as bottom friction and depth induced breaking, and, non-linear quadruplet and triad wave-wave interactions are included. Wave propagation, growth, and decay are solved periodically throughout the model grid. The SWAN model has been shown to accurately model the propagation and breaking of waves over Pacific coral reefs. Purpose: Changes in future wave climates in the tropical Pacific Ocean from global climate change are not well understood. Spatially and temporally varying waves dominate coastal morphology and ecosystem structure of the islands throughout the tropical Pacific. Waves also impact coastal infrastructure, natural and cultural resources, and coastal-related economic activities of the islands. Whereas scientific understanding of the dominant processes controlling coastal morphology and coastal and marine ecosystem structure on islands has improved over the past decade, our understanding of the linkages between these factors and variations in the wave climate across the Pacific is limited. Furthermore, the influence of global climate change on wind and wave conditions is not well understood. Stationary statistical approaches (such as return values) have typically been used to predict future extreme and mean wind and wave conditions, but with the changing climate this may not be a valid approach. Although some nonstationary statistical approaches (for example, nonstationary generalized extreme values) may sufficiently capture the variations and changes, recent work seems to point in the direction that the current climate alone cannot be used to estimate future conditions. Information on potential changes in wave climate under future global climate change scenarios is therefore crucial to understanding not only the sustainability of existing infrastructure, natural, and cultural resources, but also planning for future investments in infrastructure and the viability of coastal-related economic activities such as fishing and tourism. Supplemental_Information: Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2017 Currentness_Reference: modelling date Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -160.50000000 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -154.50000000 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 22.50000000 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 18.50000000 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier Theme_Keyword: USGS:5919fd6be4b0a7fdb43b3433 Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation Theme_Keyword: oceans Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Data Categories for Marine Planning Theme_Keyword: water column features Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: hazards Theme_Keyword: coastal processes Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Marine Realms Information Bank (MRIB) keywords Theme_Keyword: coral reefs Theme_Keyword: reef Theme_Keyword: waves Theme_Keyword: flooding Theme_Keyword: coastal processes Theme_Keyword: numerical modeling Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: water level Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey Theme_Keyword: USGS Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program Theme_Keyword: CMHRP Theme_Keyword: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Theme_Keyword: PCMSC Access_Constraints: None Use_Constraints: USGS-authored or produced data and information are in the public domain from the U.S. Government and are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize and acknowledge Deltares and the U.S. Geological Survey as the originators of the dataset and in products derived from these data. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Person: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 2885 Mission Street City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95060 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-427-4747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pcmsc_data@usgs.gov Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/5919fd6be4b0a7fdb43b3433?name=location_allgrids.png&allowOpen=true Browse_Graphic_File_Description: Image map of the high-resolution model grids. This map and additional example maps of the modelled results are available for download in PNG format from the main landing page of the data release (https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/5919fd6be4b0a7fdb43b3433, 1.7MB). Browse_Graphic_File_Type: PNG Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: See Pearson and others (2017) for an in-depth discussion of accuracy. Logical_Consistency_Report: No formal logical accuracy tests were conducted. Completeness_Report: Dataset is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: No formal positional accuracy tests were conducted, nor are they applicable Vertical_Positional_Accuracy: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: No formal positional accuracy tests were conducted, nor are they applicable Lineage: Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Storlazzi, Curt D. Originator: Shope, James B. Originator: Erikson, Li H. Originator: Hegermiller, Christine A. Originator: Barnard, Patrick L. Publication_Date: 2015 Title: Future wave and wind projections for the U.S. and U.S.-affiliated Pacific Islands Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: digital data tables Publication_Information: Publication_Place: online Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151001 Type_of_Source_Media: data tables in Appendices of digital report Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2015 Source_Currentness_Reference: date published Source_Citation_Abbreviation: data Source_Contribution: data used as input for model Process_Step: Process_Description: The following steps were used in development of the models. Modeling was completed by Edwin Elias of Deltares-USA. Please contact Curt Storlazzi (cstorlazzi@usgs.gov) with any questions. 1. Compile historical and future deep-water wave data for the main Hawaiian Islands from Storlazzi and others, 2015. 2. The WAVEWATCH3 modeled deep-water wave heights, wave periods, and wave directions, with current bathymetry were used as boundary conditions to drive simulations of mean and top 5 percent wave conditions at higher resolution over the insular shelves of the main Hawaiian Islands using the 3rd-generation SWAN wave model, version swan_4072ABCDE_del_w32_i11_omp.exe (available at https://www.tudelft.nl/en/ceg/about-faculty/departments/hydraulic-engineering/sections/environmental-fluid-mechanics/research/swan/, last accessed 10 September 2019). The WAVEWATCH3 scenarios used were representative concentration pathway (RCP)-4.5 and RCP-8.5, representing a medium mitigation and a high emissions scenario, respectively. Simulation timeframes were limited to the years 2026-2045 and 2085-2100, as prescribed by the CMIP5 modeling framework. 3. The data are grouped into four island groups (1) Kauai, Niihau, and Kaula; (2) Maui, Molokai, Lanai, and Kahoolawe; (3) Oahu; and, (4) the Island of Hawaii, and projected in the UTM coordinate system (zone 4). For each of the island groups, five climate scenarios are presented, and are represented by their file names: hindcast, RPC4.5 mid-century (RCP4_5m), RPC4.5 end-of-century (RCP4_5e), RPC8.5 mid-century (RCP8_5m), RPC8.5 end-of-century (RCP8_5e). 4. For each scenario, 12 simulations were made representing the month-averaged (represented by “mean” in the file name) or top 5 percent conditions (represented by “top5” in the file name). A total of 10 zipped NetCDF files are available for each island group. 5. Significant wave height, mean absolute wave period, mean wave length, mean wave steepness, orbital velocity near bottom and relative peak wave period were output from the SWAN model. Mean and peak direction are stored as wave vectors, respectively the significant wave height vector (based on the mean direction), and significant wave height vector (based on the peak direction). Process_Date: 2017 Process_Step: Process_Description: Edited metadata to add keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. No data were changed. Process_Date: 20201019 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Performed minor edits to the metadata to correct typos. No data were changed Process_Date: 20211013 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: Susan A. Cochran Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address: 2885 Mission Street City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95060 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-460-7545 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: scochran@usgs.gov Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Indirect_Spatial_Reference: The model results presented are for the main Hawaiian Islands, but the methods may be used for any geographic areas. Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: NetCDF files are self-contained and attribute information may be found in the header of the file itself. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: The entity and attribute information was generated by the individual and/or agency identified as the originator of the data set. Please review the rest of the metadata record for additional details and information. Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address: Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302 City: Denver State_or_Province: CO Postal_Code: 80225 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1-888-275-8747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: sciencebase@usgs.gov Resource_Description: Downloadable data in NetCDF format. Distribution_Liability: Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: PNG Format_Version_Number: MATLAB R2016 Format_Information_Content: Example images of SWAN numerical model data results. File_Decompression_Technique: No compression applied Transfer_Size: 1.7 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/5919fd6be4b0a7fdb43b3433 Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/F7G73CP1 Access_Instructions: Data can be downloaded using the Network_Resource_Name links. The first link is a direct link to download the zipped file of example maps and images from the modeling results. The second link points to the landing page for the data release, which includes links that will take the user to the different island groups’ pages from where the modelled data may be downloaded. Fees: None. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20211013 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Person: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 2885 Mission Street City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95060 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-427-4747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pcmsc_data@usgs.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998