MGL1111bathygeo.sd: Multibeam bathymetry data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey in the Bering Sea in 2011 during cruise MGL1111, 100-meter gridded data in Fledermaus digital terrain format, geographic (latitude, longitude) coordinates

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Frequently anticipated questions:

What does this data set describe?

Title:
MGL1111bathygeo.sd: Multibeam bathymetry data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey in the Bering Sea in 2011 during cruise MGL1111, 100-meter gridded data in Fledermaus digital terrain format, geographic (latitude, longitude) coordinates
Abstract:
This raster dataset represents approximately 49,581 square kilometers of Simrad EM122 multibeam backscatter-intensity data collected in the Bering Sea during U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) cruise MGL1111 aboard the R/V Marcus G. Langseth. Calibrated backscatter-intensity time-series data were adjusted for range-angle, beam pattern, and power-gain distortions.
Supplemental_Information:
Additional information about the USGS field activity from which these data were derived is available online at:
https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=L1111BS
Additional information about the Lamont-Doherty field activity from which these data were derived is available online at:
https://www.rvdata.us/search/cruise/MGL1111
Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this Federal Geographic Data Committee-compliant metadata file is intended to document the data set in nonproprietary form, as well as in Esri format, this metadata file may include some Esri-specific terminology.
  1. How might this data set be cited?
    Barth, Ginger, Baldwin, Wayne E., Reece, Robert S., Gulick, Sean S., Danforth, William W., and Wong, Florence L., 20220825, MGL1111bathygeo.sd: Multibeam bathymetry data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey in the Bering Sea in 2011 during cruise MGL1111, 100-meter gridded data in Fledermaus digital terrain format, geographic (latitude, longitude) coordinates: data release DOI: 10.5066/F7HM56HK, U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, California.

    Online Links:

    This is part of the following larger work.

    Barth, Ginger, Baldwin, Wayne E., Reece, Robert S., Gulick, Sean S., Danforth, William W., and Wong, Florence L., 2022, Multibeam bathymetry and acoustic backscatter data from the Alaskan region, Extended Continental Shelf Project, 2011 field season: Gulf of Alaska and Bering Sea: data release DOI: 10.5066/F7HM56HK, U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, California.

    Online Links:

  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?
    West_Bounding_Coordinate: 174.042991
    East_Bounding_Coordinate: -166.561832
    North_Bounding_Coordinate: 58.883294
    South_Bounding_Coordinate: 54.044097
  3. What does it look like?
    https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/568c35d3e4b0e7594ee778a9?name=MGL1111bathy.jpg&allowOpen=true (JPEG)
    MGL1111 multibeam bathymetry, Bering Sea
  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?
    Beginning_Date: 10-Aug-2011
    Ending_Date: 02-Sep-2011
    Currentness_Reference:
    ground condition
  5. What is the general form of this data set?
    Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital data
  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
    1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
      This is a Raster data set. It contains the following raster data types:
      • Dimensions 6103 x 18238 x 1, type Grid Cell
    2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
      Horizontal positions are specified in geographic coordinates, that is, latitude and longitude. Latitudes are given to the nearest 0.001. Longitudes are given to the nearest 0.001. Latitude and longitude values are specified in decimal degrees. The horizontal datum used is D_WGS_84.
      The ellipsoid used is WGS_84.
      The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378137.0.
      The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/298.257223563.
      Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition:
      Depth_System_Definition:
      Depth_Datum_Name: Instantaneous sea level
      Depth_Resolution: 10
      Depth_Distance_Units: meters
      Depth_Encoding_Method: Explicit depth coordinate included with horizontal coordinates
  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?
    Attribute Table
    Table containing attribute information associated with the data set. (Source: Producer defined)
    Value
    bathymetry (Source: Producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-3876.1
    Maximum:-84.8
    Units:meter
    Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: 
    
 Cell Size =             0.001 degree
 Data Type:            Floating Point
 Number of Rows    =       6103
 Number of Columns =       18238

 BOUNDARY (excluding NODATA)

 Xmin = 174.043
 Xmax = -166.562
 Ymax = 58.883
 Ymin = 54.044

 BOUNDARY (converted from UTM zone 60 coordinates)

 Xmin = 173.360
 Xmax = 196.253
 Ymin = 52.414
 Ymax = 60.075

 STATISTICS (meters)

 Minimum Value =            -3876.1
 Maximum Value =              -84.8
 Mean          =            -3583.0
 Standard Deviation =         549.5

 COORDINATE SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

 Projection           GEOGRAPHIC
 Datum                     WGS84
 Units                        DD
 Spheroid                  WGS84
    Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:
    The entity and attribute information was generated by the individual and/or agency identified as the originator of the data set. Please review the rest of the metadata record for additional details and information.

Who produced the data set?

  1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
    • Ginger Barth
    • Wayne E. Baldwin
    • Robert S. Reece
    • Sean S. Gulick
    • William W. Danforth
    • Florence L. Wong
  2. Who also contributed to the data set?
  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
    U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
    Attn: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator
    2885 Mission Street
    Santa Cruz, CA

    831-427-4747 (voice)
    pcmsc_data@usgs.gov

Why was the data set created?

In August 2011, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) conducted a research cruise in the Bering Sea aboard the R/V Marcus G. Langseth (Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University) as part of the U.S. Extended Continental Shelf Project. The mission focused primarily on obtaining geophysical data (multichannel and CHIRP seismic reflection, ocean bottom seismometry, multibeam bathymetry, sonobuoy, XBT and XCTD) for the purposes of determining geologic framework, crustal nature, and sediment thickness in support of delineating the U.S. Extended Continental Shelf under provisions contained in Article 76 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS).

How was the data set created?

  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?
    Date: Aug-2011 (process 1 of 5)
    Multibeam bathymetry and backscatter data were collected using a 12 kHz Kongsberg Simrad EM-122 multibeam echosounder and SIS (v3.8.2) acquisition software. The system consists of two hull-mounted transducer arrays, a transmit unit (150 deg. x 1 deg.) located along the ship centerline, and a receive unit (1 deg. x 30 deg.) that is abaft and oriented athwart-ships. The transducer pod is tilted 4 degrees towards the bow to reduce noise from cavitation and bubbles. The system forms a swath of 288 beams that produce an across-track profile of 432 soundings. The SIS software processes range/angle data from each ping during acquisition, merging position, inertial-motion, and sound-velocity data to derive a solution for vessel motion and raybending, and calculate sounding depths and positions. Sound velocity information entered into SIS was obtained from the Applied Micro Systems Micro SV mounted on the transducer pod and 52 XBT profiles. XBT profiles were extended to 12 km depth with data generated by the unix program 'mblevitus', a module of the multibeam processing package MB-System (Caress and Chayes, 2006). Average water column salinity of 34.4 ppt was determined by extrapolating data from XCDT casts. Multibeam data were collected nearly continuously throughout the cruise, effectively mapping the seafloor along the course of the ship's track. Beam angle was set at 70 on each side throughout the program and swath widths were generally between 3 and 4 times water depth. SIS logged bathymetry and backscatter solutions to the Simrad '.all' format for archival purposes.
    Date: Aug-2011 (process 2 of 5)
    CARIS processing for MGL1111: A new CARIS HIPS project (ver. 7.1) was created with projection information set to Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Zone 60N, WGS84. Each Simrad EM122 data file (*.all) was imported to the new CARIS project using the Import/Conversion Wizard. A 100 meter resolution Bathymetric and Statistical Error (BASE) Surface was created and new files were added to the surface each Julian day. With the addition of new files, the BASE surface was reviewed for any inconsistencies or data anomalies. Navigation was edited as needed using the navigation editor tool in CARIS. Filters were applied to each line including beam to beam slopes and across track angle. The CARIS "surface filter" was applied to the data using the two standard deviation option. Swath data were also edited manually to remove obviously outlying soundings. Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: Wayne Baldwin
    Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA
    USA

    508-457-2226 (voice)
    wbaldwin@usgs.gov
    Date: Mar-2012 (process 3 of 5)
    The 100 meter CARIS HIPS BASE surface for MGL1111 was exported from CARIS as a Bathymetric Attributed Grid (BAG) file. The resulting BAG file was used to import the surface into IVS3D DMagic as gridded data, then the surface was saved as a Fledermaus Digital Terrain Model in the IVS3D SD format. Finally, the Fledermaus ArcGIS module was used to export the surface directly to an ESRI Binary Grid. Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: Wayne Baldwin
    Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA
    USA

    508-457-2226 (voice)
    (508) 457-2310 (FAX)
    wbaldwin@usgs.gov
    Date: Oct-2012 (process 4 of 5)
    Wrote version 1 of metadata. Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: Wayne Baldwin
    Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA
    USA

    508-457-2226 (voice)
    (508) 457-2310 (FAX)
    wbaldwin@usgs.gov
    Date: 17-Aug-2022 (process 5 of 5)
    Metadata was modified to bring up to current USGS PCMSC standards. Point of Contact and Metadata Contact information was updated. Keywords were added and refined. Cross Reference citation added. Details about different Network Resource Name links was given in the Access Instructions section. Minor typos were corrected. No data information was changed. Person who carried out this activity:
    Susan A Cochran
    U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
    Geologist
    2885 Mission St.
    Santa Cruz, CA
    United States

    831-460-7545 (voice)
    scochran@usgs.gov
  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?
    Caress, David W., and Chayes, Dale N., 2006, MB-System source code.

    Online Links:

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

  1. How well have the observations been checked?
    Kongsberg-Simrad EM122 Multibeam Echosounder was used with transmit (fore-aft) and receive (athwart ships) beam widths of 1 degree, with swaths of 3-4 times water depth in water depths between 60 and 3900 m. Depth accuracies not determined, however Kongsberg-Simrad state that the system is capable of depth accuracies approaching 0.2 percent of water depth.
  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
    Horizontal positioning of the vessel was determined using a Kongsberg Seapath 300 series integrated inertial motion and positioning system. Positioning is accurate to better than 5 meters (at 95 percent confidence) during all surveying. All positioning is referenced to the WGS84 Datum.
  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
    No attempt was made to determine the accuracy of the system although recorded depths are typically within +/-10 m of the center-beam multibeam sounding.
  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
    Raw EM122 Multibeam Echosounder data collected during OBS operations (portions of Julian Days 233-240) were not used in the generation of this gridded dataset because OBS instruments were deployed along transects coincident with previously surveyed ship track. Upon inspection in CARIS during post-processing it was deemed appropriate to exclude the redundant data from the gridding process.
  5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
    No formal logical accuracy tests were conducted

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
Access_Constraints None
Use_Constraints USGS-authored or produced data and information are in the public domain from the U.S. Government and are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize and acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator of the dataset and in products derived from these data. This information is not intended for navigation purposes.
  1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)
    U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase
    Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302
    Denver, CO

    1-888-275-8747 (voice)
    sciencebase@usgs.gov
  2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set? These data are available in Fledermaus digital terrain .sd format, along with CSDGM FGDC-compliant metadata.
  3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
    Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty.
  4. How can I download or order the data?

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:
Last modified: 25-Aug-2022
Metadata author:
U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
Attn: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator
2885 Mission Street
Santa Cruz, CA

831-427-4747 (voice)
pcmsc_data@usgs.gov
Metadata standard:
Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)
This page is <https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/catalog/pcmsc/DataReleases/ScienceBase/DR_F7HM56HK/MGL1111bathygeo.sd.faq.html>
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