Daily sediment loads during and after dam removal in the Elwha River, Washington, 2011 to 2016

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Frequently anticipated questions:

What does this data set describe?

Title:
Daily sediment loads during and after dam removal in the Elwha River, Washington, 2011 to 2016
Abstract:
Daily values of discharge and sediment loads were measured and estimated at U.S. Geological Survey gaging station 12046260, on the Elwha River at the diversion near Port Angeles, Washington. Daily data are reported from September 15, 2011 to September 30, 2016. Specific data include (1) date; (2) discharge; (3) suspended-sediment concentration and one standard-deviation bounds; (4) percentage of fine-grained particles (silts and clays) in suspension; (5) loads of total suspended-sediment, fine-grained particles in suspension, and sand in suspension; (6) gauged bedload for particles between 2-16 mm and greater than 16 mm; and (7) estimated bedload for particles smaller than 2 mm.
  1. How might this data set be cited?
    Magirl, Christopher S, Curran, Christopher A, and Hilldale, Robert C, 2018, Daily sediment loads during and after dam removal in the Elwha River, Washington, 2011 to 2016: data release doi:10.5066/F7PG1QWC, U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, California.

    Online Links:

    This is part of the following larger work.

    Ritchie, Andrew C., Curran, Christopher A, Magirl, Christopher S, Bountry, Jennifer A, Hilldale, Robert C, Randle, Timothy J, and Duda, Jefferey J, 2018, Data in support of 5-year sediment budget and morphodynamic analysis of Elwha River following dam removals: data release doi:10.5066/F7PG1QWC, U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, California.

    Online Links:

  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?
    West_Bounding_Coordinate: -123.601338
    East_Bounding_Coordinate: -123.548927
    North_Bounding_Coordinate: 48.151755
    South_Bounding_Coordinate: 48.001990
  3. What does it look like?
  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?
    Beginning_Date: 15-Sep-2011
    Ending_Date: 30-Sep-2016
    Currentness_Reference:
    ground condition
  5. What is the general form of this data set?
    Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Comma-separated values
  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
    1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
      Indirect_Spatial_Reference:
      Data were collected at USGS gaging station 12046260, on Elwha River, northern Washington State, on the right bank 3.5 miles upstream from the river mouth (latitude: 48.11172, longitude: -123.55151).
      This is a Point data set.
    2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?
    Elwha_DailySedimentLoads_2011to2016.csv
    Suspended sediment, discharge, and bedload data. (Source: Producer defined)
    Day
    Date of the daily values reported in columns. (Source: Producer defined.)
    Range of values
    Minimum:09/15/2011
    Maximum:09/30/2016
    Daily Discharge (m3/s)
    Daily discharge (Source: Producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:6.330321507
    Maximum:399.501183
    Units:cubic meters per second
    Daily SSC (mg/L)
    Daily suspended-sediment concentration; NA means no direct value was measured (Source: Producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.2274661
    Maximum:13819.789500
    Units:milligrams per liter
    Upper SSC bound (+1SD)
    Upper uncertainty bound, one standard deviation, of suspended-sediment concentration measurement; NA means no direct value was measured (Source: Producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.288613508
    Maximum:17224.300000
    Units:milligrams per liter
    Lower SSC bound (-1SD)
    Lower uncertainty bound, one standard deviation, of suspended-sediment concentration measurement; NA means no direct value was measured (Source: Producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.179273730
    Maximum:12133.928400
    Units:milligrams per liter
    Ave fraction fines (based on two turbidimeters)
    Average fraction of fine-grained particles (silts and clays) in suspension based on the data of two turbidimeters; NA means no direct value was measured (Source: Producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.41
    Maximum:0.994
    Units:fraction
    Daily Suspended-Sediment Load (tonnes)
    Daily suspended-sediment load (Source: Producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.1
    Maximum:429806.7
    Units:tonnes
    Daily SS Load of fines (tonnes)
    Daily suspended-sediment load of fine-grained particles (silts and clays) (Source: Producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.1
    Maximum:269484.4
    Units:tonnes
    Daily SS Load of sand (tonnes)
    Daily suspended-sediment load of sand-sized particles (Source: Producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0
    Maximum:160322.3
    Units:tonnes
    Remarks
    Used to flag days when sensor failure precluded direct sediment measurement at the gage. If data flagged, "Estimated," the suspended-sediment data for that day were estimated using linear interpolation for day before and after sensor failure when sediment data were measured. (Source: Producer defined)
    ValueDefinition
    NAFlag to indicate whether data were interpolated; “NA” means data were not interpolated
    EstimatedFlag to indicate whether data were interpolated; “estimated” means data were interpolated
    Daily Total gauged > 2-mm bedload (tonnes)
    Daily total gauged bedload of particles larger than 2 mm; NA means no direct value was measured (Source: Producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.000000
    Maximum:27813.617110
    Units:tonnes
    Daily gauged bedload for 2-16mm particles (tonnes)
    Daily total gauged bedload of particles larger than 2 mm and smaller than 16 mm; NA means no direct value was measured (Source: Producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.000000
    Maximum:22023.800000
    Units:tonnes
    Daily gauged bedload for >16mm particles (tonnes)
    Daily total gauged bedload of particles larger than 16 mm; NA means no direct value was measured (Source: Producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.000000
    Maximum:6536.200022
    Units:tonnes
    Estimated daily ungauged bedload (tonnes)
    Estimated ungauged portion of particles in bedload flux that are less than 2 mm. Estimate is based on an assumed bedload-to-total-load ratio of 15 percent in year 1 of dam removal and 25 percent in years 2-5 of dam removal. NA means no direct value was measured (Source: Producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-7710.000000
    Maximum:104443.874200
    Units:tonnes
    Total sediment discharge (tonnes)
    Total daily sediment discharge. Included gauged suspended-sediment load, gauged bedload, and estimated bedload (Source: Producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.100000
    Maximum:466989.066700
    Units:tonnes
    Release period
    Additional information flag from Magirl and others (2015) describing 5 unique stages of sediment-release conditions during the first two years of dam removal. NA means no direct value was measured (Source: Producer defined)
    ValueDefinition
    early removal"early removal," is early period of dam removal when relatively little sediment was transported
    Lake Aldwell release"Lake Aldwell release," was the period when former Lake Aldwell reservoir was the dominant source of sediment
    summer 1"summer 1," was the period of relatively low sediment transport during low flows of the first summer of dam removal
    Lake Mills release"Lake Mills release," was the period when former Lake Mills reservoir was the dominant source of sediment
    summer 2"summer 2" was the period of relatively low sediment transport during low flows of the first summer of dam removal
    Project year
    Identifies the year of dam removal from year 1 to 5, loosely based on water year. (Source: Producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:proj year 1
    Maximum:proj year 5
    Units:year

Who produced the data set?

  1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
    • Christopher S Magirl
    • Christopher A Curran
    • Robert C Hilldale
  2. Who also contributed to the data set?
    Data collection was funded by U.S. Geological Survey, Environmental Protection Agency, National Park Service, and U.S. Bureau of Reclamation
  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
    Christopher S Magirl
    U.S. Geological Survey, Arizona Water Science Center
    520 N Park Ave, Suite 221
    Tucson, Arizona
    USA

    520-670-3315 (voice)
    magirl@usgs.gov

Why was the data set created?

Data were collected to quantify the flux of water, suspended sediment, and bedload sediment at the U.S. Geological Survey gaging station 12046260, Elwha River at Diversion Near Port Angeles, WA. The gaging station 12046260 is downstream of the 2011-2014 dam removal of two large dams on the Elwha River. These discharge and sediment flux data were combined with morphological data collected by collaborative researchers and combined into a total river sediment budget during and after dam removal.

How was the data set created?

  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?
    Date: 2017 (process 1 of 3)
    15-minute stage data and discharge rating curves from McDonald Bridge gage (USGS Gage 12045500) were used with a routing time and precipitation volume-based adjustment model to derive daily discharge estimates for the diversion weir reported here. Daily records of suspended-sediment concentration (SSC) were calculated using a combination of standard flow-weighted suspended-sediment samples, automated point-sampler daily composite samples, and three sediment-surrogate instruments--two optical turbidimeters and one acoustic Doppler velocity meter (ADVM)--using established techniques (Magirl and others, 2015). Daily bedload sediment transport values for three size fractions were calculated using a combination of steel bedload-impact plates and physical bedload sampling during November, 2012; March, May, and June 2013; and April 2014 at the Diversion Weir gauge (Magirl and others, 2015; Hilldale and others, 2015). These techniques estimated the proportion of bedload in the > 16mm and the 2-16mm size classes, but did not capture bedload transport of particles smaller than 2 mm, which were estimated from a combination of regional and comparative studies in high-sediment load rivers--including other dam removal studies--using constant ratios of measured total bedload to total sediment discharge of 15 percent for water year 2012 and 25 percent for later years.
    Date: 17-Jul-2018 (process 2 of 3)
    Corrected name of theme keyword thesaurus from ISO 19115 Topic Categories to Category. Person who carried out this activity:
    Susan A Cochran
    U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
    2885 Mission St.
    Santa Cruz, CA
    United States

    831-460-7545 (voice)
    scochran@usgs.gov
    Date: 19-Oct-2020 (process 3 of 3)
    Edited metadata to add keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. No data were changed. Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: VeeAnn A. Cross
    Marine Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA

    508-548-8700 x2251 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    vatnipp@usgs.gov
  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?
    Hilldale, Robert C, Carpenter, Wayne O, Goodwiller, Bradley, Chambers, James P, and Randle, Timothy J, 2015, Installation of Impact Plates to Continuously Measure Bed Load: Elwha River, Washington, USA.: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 141(3), online.

    Online Links:

    Magirl, Christopher S., Hilldale, Robert C., Curran, Christopher A., Duda, Jeffrey J., Straub, Timothy D., Domanski, Marian, and Foreman, James R., 2015, Large-scale dam removal on the Elwha River, Washington, USA: Fluvial sediment load: Geomorphology, v. 246, p. 669-686, http://www.sciencedirect.com.

    Online Links:

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

  1. How well have the observations been checked?
    All data fall within expected ranges.
  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
    No formal positional accuracy tests were conducted
  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
    No formal positional accuracy tests were conducted
  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
    Data set is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details.
  5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
    All data fall within expected ranges.

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
Access_Constraints: none
Use_Constraints:
USGS-authored or produced data and information are in the public domain from the U.S. Government and are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize and acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Environmental Protection Agency, National Park Service, and the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation as the originators of the dataset and in products derived from these data.
  1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)
    U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase
    Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302
    Denver, CO
    United States

    1-888-275-8747 (voice)
    sciencebase@usgs.gov
  2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set? data are downloadable in .csv format (Elwha_DailySedimentLoads_2011to2016.csv) along with CMGDS FGDC-compliant metadata.
  3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
    Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty.
  4. How can I download or order the data?
  5. What hardware or software do I need in order to use the data set?
    This dataset is presented in comma-separated values (CSV) format and can be opened with text-editing software or spreadsheet software (for example, Microsoft Excel).

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:
Last modified: 19-Oct-2020
Metadata author:
Christopher S Magirl
U.S. Geological Survey, Arizona Water Science Center
Supervisory Hydrologist
520 N Park Ave, Suite 221
Tucson, Arizona
USA

520-670-3315 (voice)
magirl@usgs.gov
Metadata standard:
Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)
This page is <https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/catalog/pcmsc/DataReleases/ScienceBase/DR_F7PG1QWC/Elwha_DailySedimentLoads_2011to2016.faq.html>
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