Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Andrew C Ritchie Publication_Date: 2018 Title: Digital elevation models (DEMs) of the lower Elwha River, Washington, water year 2013 to 2016 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: 32-bit GeoTIFF digital files Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: doi:10.5066/F7PG1QWC Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, California Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/F7PG1QWC Online_Linkage: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/5a035e8be4b0036f58f947c7 Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Andrew C Ritchie Originator: Christopher A Curran Originator: Christopher S Magirl Originator: Jennifer A Bountry Originator: Robert C Hilldale Originator: Timothy J Randle Originator: Jefferey J Duda Publication_Date: 2018 Title: Data in support of 5-year sediment budget and morphodynamic analysis of Elwha River following dam removals Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Digital Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: doi:10.5066/F7PG1QWC Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, California Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/F7PG1QWC Description: Abstract: Digital elevation models (DEMs) of the lower Elwha River, Washington, were created by synthesizing lidar and PlaneCam Structure-from-Motion (SfM) data. Lidar and still digital photographs were collected by airplane during surveys from 2012 to 2016. The digital photographs were used to create a SfM digital surface model. Each DEM represents the ending conditions for that water year (for example, the 2013 DEM represents conditions at approximately September 30, 2013). The final DEMs, presented here, were created from the most recent lidar before September 30 of a given year, supplemented with an error-corrected SfM model from a low-flow summer Elwha PlaneCam flight as close to 30 September as possible. This synthetic data product was created because the aerial lidar data had gaps near the river, which the SfM data were able to close. The georeferenced DEMs were used to assess the river's responses to the removal of the Elwha and the Glines Canyon dams upstream from the study area. Purpose: Data were obtained to assess the morphodynamic and sediment budget responses following the removal of two dams in the Elwha River. These data are intended for science researchers, students, policy makers, and the general public. These data can be used with geographic information systems or other software to identify topographic features. Supplemental_Information: Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 2012 Ending_Date: 2016 Currentness_Reference: ground condition Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: As needed Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -123.614549 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -123.541697 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 48.145105 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 47.959409 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier Theme_Keyword: USGS:5a035e8be4b0036f58f947c7 Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: digital elevation models Theme_Keyword: time series datasets Theme_Keyword: river systems Theme_Keyword: river reaches Theme_Keyword: topographic maps Theme_Keyword: field inventory and monitoring Theme_Keyword: lidar Theme_Keyword: image collections Theme_Keyword: image mosaics Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: inlandWaters Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Marine Realms Information Bank (MRIB) keywords Theme_Keyword: river channel Theme_Keyword: river bank Theme_Keyword: sediment deposition Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Data Categories for Marine Planning Theme_Keyword: Substrate Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey Theme_Keyword: USGS Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Geology Program Theme_Keyword: CMGP Theme_Keyword: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Theme_Keyword: PCMSC Theme_Keyword: U.S. Bureau of Reclamation Theme_Keyword: USBR Theme_Keyword: National Park Service Theme_Keyword: NPS Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Geographic Names Information System Place_Keyword: Elwha River Place_Keyword: State of Washington Place_Keyword: Glines Canyon Dam (historical) Place_Keyword: Elwha Dam (historical) Access_Constraints: none Use_Constraints: USGS-authored or produced data and information are in the public domain from the U.S. Government and are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize and acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Environmental Protection Agency, National Park Service, and the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation as the originators of the dataset and in products derived from these data. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Andrew C Ritchie Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 2885 Mission Street City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95060 Country: United States Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-460-7454 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: aritchie@usgs.gov Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/5a035e8be4b0036f58f947c7?name=2016DEM.png&allowOpen=true Browse_Graphic_File_Description: Low-resolution sample of 2016 DEM. Browse_Graphic_File_Type: PNG Data_Set_Credit: Data collection was funded by U.S. Geological Survey, Environmental Protection Agency, National Park Service, and U.S. Bureau of Reclamation Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: Data set is considered complete with the following notes -- where lidar data captured the high water surfaces and subsequent low flow planecam flight didn't capture dewatered channel features or lower water surface, the higher water surface is an artifact. This is most pronounced in the 2014 DEM because the 2014 Nov 7 DEM was used with a WSE corresponding to flows of 3300-3560 cfs. Vegetation may have created artifacts from the photographic data. This artifact is also visible in the 2016 DEM, most notably in the Elwha Canyon between the lower Elwha dam site and the Elwha surface water intake. The 2015 DEM used a topobathy lidar flight that extended to only the Highway 101 bridge. Because these data are more accurate than either the PlaneCam DEM or the previous (Feb 22 2015) DEM, they were used. This may result in an exaggerated estimate of sediment evacuation/recovery from 2014-2015 in the lower river because of (A) the previous issue and (B) the extensive subaqueous coverage of the 2015 topobathy data. Note that topobathy data were only used in-channel and the area outside of the active channel was comprised of the Feb-22-2015 lidar because leaf-off conditions were better for resolving bare earth. Logical_Consistency_Report: No formal logical accuracy tests were conducted. Completeness_Report: Data set is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Horizontal positional accuracy is within 0.025 meters. Vertical_Positional_Accuracy: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Vertical positional accuracy is within 0.05 meters. Lineage: Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Amy E East Originator: George R Pess Originator: Jennifer A Bountry Originator: Christopher S Magirl Originator: Andrew C Ritchie Originator: Joshua B Logan Originator: Timothy J Randle Originator: Mark C Mastin Originator: Justin T Minear Originator: Jefferey J Duda Originator: Martin C Liermann Originator: Michael L McHenry Originator: Timothy J Beechie Originator: Patrick B Shafroth Publication_Date: 20150101 Title: Large-scale dam removal on the Elwha River, Washington, USA: river channel and floodplain geomorphic change. Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Amsterdam, the Netherlands Publisher: Geomorphology, v. 228, pgs. 765-786 Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.08.028 Type_of_Source_Media: River profile surveys Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20110915 Ending_Date: 20130915 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: East et al. 2015 Source_Contribution: River profiles used in creation of 2013_PlaneCamLidar_Final.tif Process_Step: Process_Description: Image collection: Images collected before Nov 2014 were collected with a single Canon D10 using firmware hacked with CHDK and running an intervalometer script written in Lua. Until Mar 2016 they were flown with a D10 and a Ricoh GR, and after March they were done with two Ricoh GR cameras. Cameras were mounted in a customized wing mount and flown in four flight lines with a Cessna 172 at elevations between 1500 and 2000 feet above ground level. Image locations were established by matching features in some images with ground control points (GCPs). GCP locations were measured using either a RTK base station or a WSRN network fix using a TopCon GRS-1, Trimble R8 or Trimble R10 receiver. Occupation times were generally 180 seconds and estimated accuracy is 5 cm vertical, 2.5 cm horizontal. Process_Date: 2016 Process_Step: Process_Description: PlaneCam structure-from-motion processing: Images were aligned using PhotoScan software (Agisoft, LLC). PhotoScan aligns images based on tie points shared between multiple images and scales the resultant 3D surface based on perspective differences between individual images. Geographic location and elevation are introduced to the surface model using the GCP locations in the model. The result of this structure-from-motion processing was the PlaneCam digital surface model (DSM). Process_Date: 2017 Process_Step: Process_Description: DEM creation: Each DEM was created from the most recent lidar before 30 September of the given year, supplemented with an error corrected structure-from-motion DSM from a low flow summer Elwha PlaneCam flight as close to 30 September as possible. One surface (2014) also contains data from a November 7 2014 lidar flight because the previous flight in 2012 did not capture the 2013 overbank flows. Because higher flows were reached in 2013 than in 2014 before 7 November, this flight was still deemed worthwhile - most of the in-channel data and all of the erosion occurring after the summer 2014 planecam flight were specifically maintained as either summer low flow 2014 PlaneCam data or 2012 lidar data for this DEM. DEMs were produced with the following process steps: 1) most recent lidar data used as a base data layer 2) identify points on hard, flat surfaces where both lidar and PlaneCam had good surface reconstruction resolution and no visible X/Y offset, and where change between multiple lidar flights was +/- less than 0.1 meters (lidar uncertainty) 3) develop error map for PlaneCam surface based on those points using empirical bayesian kriging and a cell size of 20 meters with a linear semivariogram composed of local models with less than or equal to 75 points, a local model overlap factor of 2, and 100 simulated semivariograms per model 4) apply error map to PlaneCam surface model and visually inspect to confirm reduced error (typically expressed as a reduction in large-scale warping in areas of low GCP point density - specifically the middle and lower river away from either reservoir or the river mouth where higher control point densities exist. 5) delineate area where erosion/deposition was active since the last lidar (scale of 1:500 +/- 250) and clip PlaneCam model to that area 6) evaluate surface difference areas for replacement with (1) lowest surface or (2) most recent surface 7) clip out areas of most recent surface as a separate polygon 8) merge rasters selecting the lowest surface between lidar and PlaneCam 9) overwrite merged raster with planecam data where higher but more recent surface accurately reflects channel conditions. Several artifacts exist from this merging process: 1) where lidar data captured high water surfaces and subsequent low flow planecam flight didn't capture dewatered channel features or lower water surface, the higher water surface is an artifact. This is most pronounced in the 2014 DEM because the 2014 Nov 7 DEM was used with a WSE corresponding to flows of 3300-3560 cfs. In some areas, overhanging vegetation prevented PlaneCam surface reconstruction from the corresponding planeCam dem. This artifact is also visible in the 2016 DEM, most notably in the Elwha Canyon between the lower Elwha dam site and the Elwha surface water intake 2) the 2015 DEM used a topobathy lidar flight that extended to only the Highway 101 bridge. Because these data are more accurate than either the PlaneCam DEM or the previous (Feb 22 2015) DEM, they were used. This may result in an exaggerated estimate of sediment evacuation/recovery from 2014-2015 in the lower river because of (A) the previous issue and (B) the extensive subaqueous coverage of the 2015 topobathy data. Note that topobathy data were only used in-channel and the area outside of the active channel was comprised of the Feb-22-2015 lidar because leaf-off conditions were better for resolving bare earth. Data sources are as follows: 2013_PlaneCamLidar_Final.tif -2012 10-17 October USGS lidar -2013 0919 PlaneCam -river profile surveys (East et al., 2015) 2014_PlaneCamLidar_Final.tif -2012 10-17 October USGS lidar -2014 30 September PlaneCam -2014 07 November USGS lidar 2015_PlaneCamLidar_Final.tif -2015 22 February USGS lidar -2015 23 September PlaneCam -2015 28-29 September USGS topobathy lidar 2016_PlaneCamLidar_Final.tif -2016 29 March USGS lidar -2016 30 September PlaneCam Process_Date: 2017 Process_Step: Process_Description: Corrected name of theme keyword thesaurus from ISO 19115 Topic Categories to Category. Process_Date: 20180717 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Susan A Cochran Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 2885 Mission St. City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95060 Country: United States Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-460-7545 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: scochran@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Edited metadata to add keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. No data were changed. Process_Date: 20201019 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster Raster_Object_Information: Raster_Object_Type: Pixel Row_Count: 20454 Column_Count: 5171 Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Planar: Map_Projection: Map_Projection_Name: Transverse Mercator Transverse_Mercator: Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.9996 Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -123.0 Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.0 False_Easting: 500000.0 False_Northing: 0.0 Planar_Coordinate_Information: Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: coordinate pair Coordinate_Representation: Abscissa_Resolution: 1.0 Ordinate_Resolution: 1.0 Planar_Distance_Units: METERS Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum 1983 Ellipsoid_Name: GRS 1980 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.0 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.2572221 Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition: Altitude_System_Definition: Altitude_Datum_Name: North American Vertical Datum of 1988 Altitude_Resolution: 1.0E-6 Altitude_Distance_Units: Meters Altitude_Encoding_Method: Explicit elevation coordinate included with horizontal coordinates Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: Elwha_PlaneCamLidarDEMs_2013to2016.zip Entity_Type_Definition: Zip file containing GeoTIFF digital files Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute: Attribute_Label: Value Attribute_Definition: Elevation value at specified horizontal coordinates. Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -33.173332214355 Range_Domain_Maximum: 366.92999267578 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Meters Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302 City: Denver State_or_Province: CO Postal_Code: 80225 Country: United States Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1-888-275-8747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: sciencebase@usgs.gov Resource_Description: These data are available in GeoTIFF format, one GeoTIFF per water year, contained in a single zip file (Elwha_PlaneCamLidar_2013to2016.zip), which also includes CSDGM FGDC-compliant metadata. Distribution_Liability: Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: TIFF Format_Version_Number: ArcGIS 10.4 Format_Specification: GeoTIFF Format_Information_Content: zip file contains the GeoTIFF images, associated world files, and metadata. Transfer_Size: 186.0 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/5a035e8be4b0036f58f947c7 Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/F7PG1QWC Access_Instructions: Data can be downloaded via the Internet Fees: None Technical_Prerequisites: This zip file contains GeoTIFF files and can be uncompressed with any unzipping software, such as WinZip. The GeoTIFF files can be viewed in geographic information system (GIS) software as a geographically located digital elevation model. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20201019 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Andrew C Ritchie Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 2885 Mission Street City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95060 Country: United States Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-460-7454 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: aritchie@usgs.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998