Curt D. Storlazzi
Theresa A. Fregoso
2018
Projected flood water depths on Roi-Namur, Kwajalein Atoll, Republic of the Marshall Islands
GeoTIFF
data release
DOI:10.5066/F7VD6XDB
Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, California
U.S. Geological Survey
https://doi.org/10.5066/F7VD6XDB
https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/59ef8172e4b0220bbd98d40f
Projected future wave-driven flooding depths on Roi-Namur Island on Kwajalein Atoll in the Republic of the Marshall Islands for a range of climate-change scenarios.
This study utilized field data to calibrate oceanographic and hydrogeologic models, which were then used with climate-change and sea-level rise projections to explore the effects of sea-level rise and wave-driven flooding on atoll islands and their freshwater resources. The overall objective of this effort, due to the large uncertainty in future emissions (and thus climate change scenarios) that is largely irreducible, was to reduce risk and increase island resiliency by providing model simulations across a range of plausible future conditions. This effort focuses on Roi-Namur Island on Kwajalein Atoll in the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI). RMI is home to more than 1,100 low-lying islands on 29 atolls, yet the approach and findings presented in this study can serve as a proxy for atolls around the world, most of which have a similar morphology and structure, including on average, even lower land elevations, and are the home for numerous island nations and hundreds of thousands of people.
The primary goal of this investigation was to determine the influence of climate change and sea-level rise on wave-driven flooding and the resulting impacts to infrastructure and freshwater resources on atoll islands. First, we mapped the morphology and benthic habitats of the atoll to determine the influence of spatially-varying bathymetric structure and hydrodynamic roughness on wave propagation over the coral reefs that make up the atoll. Second, we analyzed historic meteorologic and oceanographic data to provide historical context for the limited in-situ data and comparison to previous seawater overwash and flooding events. These data were then used to calibrate and validate physics-based, dynamically-downscaled numerical models to project future atmospheric and oceanic forcing for a range of climate-change scenarios. Third, we made in-situ observations to better understand how changes in meteorologic and oceanographic forcing controlled wave-driven water levels, seawater flooding of the island, and the resulting hydrogeologic response. We then used those data to calibrate and validate a physics-based, numerical hydrodynamic model of the island. The hydrodynamic model was used to forecast future wave-driven island overwash and seawater flooding for a range of climate-change and SLR scenarios. The data provided here are the seawater flooding depths for three Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) AR5 climate-change scenarios: Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP)4.5 and RCP8.5, representing medium and high greenhouse concentration trajectory scenarios, respectively, and RCP8.5 plus icesheet collapse (RCP8.5i). The climate-change scenarios were incorporated into the model by increasing mean sea level based on the future sea-level rise and wave projections. The modeled time frame ranged from 2035 to 2105 at 10-yr time steps.
These data accompany the following publication: Storlazzi, C.D., Gingerich, S.B., van Dongeren, A., Cheriton, O.M., Swarzenski, P.W., Quataert, E., Voss, C.I., Field D.W., Annamalai, H., Piniak G.A., McCall, R., 2018, Most atolls will be uninhabitable by the mid-21st century due to sea-level rise exacerbating wave-driven flooding, Science Advances, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aap9741.
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Deltares, and University of Hawaii (UH) conducted a study to provide basic understanding and specific information on the impact of climate change and sea-level rise on Roi-Namur Island on Kwajalein Atoll in the Republic of the Marshall Islands, which is part of the Ronald Reagan Ballistic Missile Test Site. The primary goal of this joint investigation was to determine the influence of climate change and sea-level rise on wave-driven flooding and the resulting impacts to infrastructure and freshwater resources on atoll islands.
Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
Although this Federal Geographic Data Committee-compliant metadata file is intended to document the data set in nonproprietary form, as well as in ESRI format, this metadata file may include some ESRI-specific terminology.
2018
publication date
Irregular
167.452484
167.483303
9.411218
9.389429
USGS Metadata Identifier
USGS:59ef8172e4b0220bbd98d40f
ISO 19115 Topic Category
Elevation
geoscientificInformation
Data Categories for Marine Planning
predictions
USGS Thesaurus
geospatial datasets
floods
mathematical modeling
effects of climate change
earth sciences
Marine Realms Information Bank (MRIB) keywords
coral reefs
reef
waves
flooding
coastal processes
numerical modeling
None
U.S. Geological Survey
USGS
Coastal and Marine Geology Program
CMGP
Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
PCMSC
Geographic Names Information System (GNIS)
Roi-Namur
Kwajalein
Marshall Islands
None
USGS-authored or produced data and information are in the public domain from the U.S. Government and are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize and acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey
U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
PCMSC Science Data Coordinator
mailing and physical
2885 Mission Street
Santa Cruz
CA
95060-5792
US
831-427-4747
pcmsc_data@usgs.gov
https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/59ef8172e4b0220bbd98d40f?name=RCP_85I_2105.jpg
Wave-driven flood water depth for RCP scenario 85+ice sheet collapse, year 2105.
JPEG
Environment as of Metadata Creation: Microsoft Windows 10 Version 10.0.143 (Build 14393); ESRI ArcGIS 10.5.0 (Build 6491)
Curt D. Storlazzi
Stephen B. Gingerich
Ap van Dongeren
Olivia M. Cheriton
Peter W. Swarzenski
Ellen Quataert
Clifford I. Voss
Donald W. Field
Hariharasubramanian Annamalai
Greg A. Piniak
Robert McCall
2018
Most atolls will be uninhabitable by the mid-21st century due to sea-level rise exacerbating wave-driven flooding
Journal article
Science Advances
online
American Academy for the Advancement of Science
https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aap9741
No formal attribute accuracy tests were conducted.
No formal logical accuracy tests were conducted.
Dataset is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details.
A formal accuracy assessment of the horizontal positional information in the data set has not been conducted.
A formal accuracy assessment of the vertical positional information in the data set has not been conducted.
Deltares
2017
24 model output datasets from Deltares, unpublished
xyz.csv
Unpublished
Unpublished
model outputs
2035
2105
modeled projection dates of data points
xyz file
modeled xyz file used to create raster surface
Convert xyz.csv file to points then a TIN. Convert TIN to Raster. Model Builder was used to batch convert 24 xyz.csv files to points using the ASCII 3D to feature class tool followed by the Create TIN tool. For the TIN, the height field was Z, with SF Type of Mass_points. Model Builder was used to batch convert TINS to rasters using the TIN to Raster tool. The output data type for the raster was FLOAT, the method LINEAR, and the Sampling Distance was CELLSIZE 0.5.
xyz file
2016
Removed empty tag and corrected minor typo in metadata file. No data were changed.
20180629
Susan A Cochran
U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
Geologist
mailing and physical address
2885 Mission Street
Santa Cruz
CA
95060-5792
USA
(831) 460-7545
scochran@usgs.gov
Corrected Point of Contact and Metadata Contact phone number prefix. No data were changed.
20180905
Susan A Cochran
U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
mailing and physical
2885 Mission St.
Santa Cruz
CA
95060
United States
831-460-7545
scochran@usgs.gov
Edited metadata to add keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. No data were changed.
20201019
U.S. Geological Survey
VeeAnn A. Cross
Marine Geologist
Mailing and Physical
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole
MA
02543-1598
508-548-8700 x2251
508-457-2310
vatnipp@usgs.gov
Raster
Pixel
4775
6740
Universal Transverse Mercator
58
0.9996
165.0
0.0
500000.0
0.0
row and column
0.5
0.5
Meter
D_WGS_1984
WGS_1984
6378137.0
298.257223563
Mean Sea Level that was calculated using a temporary USGS water sensor located on a pier. See report for more detail.
0.01
meters
Explicit elevation coordinate included with horizontal coordinates
Water flood depth over island elevation.
See report for more detail.
U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase
mailing and physical
Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302
Denver
CO
80225
1-888-275-8747
sciencebase@usgs.gov
These data are available in GeoTIFF format contained in a single zip file (Roi_Namur_RCP_surfaces.zip) which also includes CSDGM FGDC-compliant metadata.
Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty.
geoTIFF
ArcGIS 10.5.0
Zip file contains the 24 different modeled scenarios for flood level depth and the associated metadata.
WinZip
2040
https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/59ef8172e4b0220bbd98d40f?name=Roi_Namur_RCP_surfaces.zip
https://doi.org/10.5066/F7VD6XDB
Data can be downloaded using the Network Resource links. The first link begins a direct download of this particular dataset. The second link goes to a landing page for the data release.
None.
These data can be viewed with ArcGIS software.
20201019
U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
PCMSC Science Data Coordinator
mailing and physical
2885 Mission Street
Santa Cruz
CA
95060-5792
US
831-427-4747
pcmsc_data@usgs.gov
Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
FGDC-STD-001-1998