Nancy G. Prouty Kimberly Yates Nathan Smiley Christopher Gallagher 2017 comma-delimited text data release DOI:10.5066/F7X34VPV Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, California U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program https://doi.org/10.5066/F7X34VPV https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/58f79f97e4b0b7ea5451f415 Nancy G. Prouty Anne Cohen Kimberly Yates Curt D. Storlazzi Peter Swarzenski Darla White Nathan Smiley Christopher Gallagher 2017 data release DOI:10.5066/F7X34VPV Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, CA U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program https://doi.org/10.5066/F7X34VPV Time-series of seawater carbonate chemistry variables, including salinity, dissolved inorganic nutrients, pH, total alkalinity, and dissolved inorganic carbon from sites along Kahekili Beach Park, west Maui near submarine groundwater seeps and living coral reefs. Samples for seawater were collected by pumping bottom water from the seafloor using a peristaltic pump and collecting discrete water samples every 4-hrs over a 6-day period. These samples were collected and analyzed to characterize the diurnal variability in water carbonate chemistry and determine exposure to extremely low pH and high nutrient conditions linked to contaminated submarine groundwater discharge. Additional information about the field activity from which these data were derived is available online at: http://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2016-637-FA Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. 20140918 20160324 Ground condition at time data were collected Complete None planned -156.694 -156.693 20.939 20.937 USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:58f79f97e4b0b7ea5451f415 ISO 19115 Topic Category oceans environment Data Categories for Marine Planning Ecological Functions and Services USGS Thesaurus chemical analysis geochemistry marine chemistry eutrophication coelenterates marine water quality ocean acidification Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) coral reefs nutrients alkalinity Marine Realms Information Bank (MRIB) keywords coastal pollution geochemistry groundwater geochemistry chemical oceanography human impacts on habitats carbonate analysis Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) Pacific Ocean State of Hawaii Maui None USGS-authored or produced data and information are in the public domain from the U.S. Government and are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize and acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey and Division of Aquatic Resources, Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources as the originator(s) of the dataset and in products derived from these data. U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center PCMSC Science Data Coordinator mailing and physical

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Santa Cruz CA 95060-5792 US 831-427-4747 pcmsc_data@usgs.gov K.R. Pietro and K. Hoering (WHOI), J. Murray (UCSC), G. Paradis (UCSB) analytical assistance, and P. Dal Ferro, J. Logan, T. Reiss, and N. Smiley (USGS), J. McClaren (Stanford), M. Dailer (U. Hawaii), and C. Gallagher (UCSC) for field assistance. Mac OSX 10.11.6, Microsoft Excel 14.7.1 for Mac E. Lewis W.R. Wallace 1998 http://cdiac.ornl.gov/oceans/co2rprt.html W. Yao R.H. Bryne 1998 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0967063798000181 A.G. Dickson C.L. Sabine J.R. Christian 2007 http://cdiac.ornl.gov/oceans/Handbook_2007.html H. Zhang R.H. Byrne 1996 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0304420395000763 D.M. Sigman K.L. Casciotti M. Andreani C. Barford M. Galanter J.K. Bohlke 2001 http://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/ac010088e All geochemistry data were calibrated against known standards. No logical accuracy tests were conducted. Dataset is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details. A formal accuracy assessment of the horizontal positional information in the data set has not been conducted. A formal accuracy assessment of the vertical positional information in the data set has not been conducted. University of California at Santa Barbara Marine Science Institute 2016 seawater lab samples 20160422 Date when lab analyses were completed nutrients (nitrate, ammonia, phosphate, and silicate) Flow injection analysis for dissolved nutrient concentrations. St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey 2016 seawater lab samples 20160920 Date when lab analyses were completed carbonate chemistry measurements (total alkalinity and dissolved inorganic carbon concentrations) Total alkalinity concentrations were measured following the spectrophotometric methods of Yao and Byrne (1998)). Dissolved inorganic carbon concentrations were measured using a UIC carbon coulometer model CM5014 and CM5130 acidification module following the methods of Dickson and others (2007). The pH value was determined by spectrophotometric methods using an Ocean Optics USB2000 spectrometer and thymol blue indicator dye following protocol of Zhang and Byrne (1996). For low salinity (< 10) water samples, discrete dissolved inorganic carbon samples were measured on an Apollo SciTech AS-C3 DIC autoanalyzer via sample acidification followed by non-dispersive infrared CO2 detection using a LiCOR 7000. University of California, Davis Stable Isotope Facility 2016 seawater lab samples 20160909 Date when lab analyses were completed Nitrate delta-N-15 The denitrifier method of Sigman and others (2001) was used and isotope values were measured using a Thermo Finnigan MAT 252 coupled with a GasBench II interface. Isotope values are presented in per mil with respect to AIR for delta-N-15 and VSMO for delta-O-18. Results from the lab listed above were combined into a comma-delimited text document (Kahekili_seawater.csv) for this data release. All source contribution was used for this data 20160422 Nancy Prouty U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center mailing and physical

2885 Mission St.

Santa Cruz CA 95060 United States 831-460-7526 nprouty@usgs.gov Deleted extraneous text from attribute resolution tag. Updated Point of Contact and Metadata contact to PCMSC static contact info, and added Process Step contact information as needed. No data or data information were changed. 20191125 Susan A Cochran U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center mailing and physical

2885 Mission St.

Santa Cruz CA 95060 United States 831-460-7545 scochran@usgs.gov Edited metadata to add keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. No data were changed. 20201019 U.S. Geological Survey VeeAnn A. Cross Marine Geologist Mailing and Physical

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 508-548-8700 x2251 508-457-2310 vatnipp@usgs.gov point Point 186 0.0001 0.0001 Decimal degrees D_WGS_1984 WGS_1984 6378137.000000 298.257224 Kahekili_seawater.csv Table containing results from seawater analyses of carbonate chemistry and environmental parameters. Producer defined Latitude Latitude based hand held GPS 20.937 20.939 decimal degrees 0.001 Longitude Longitude based hand held GPS -156.694 -156.693 decimal degrees 0.001 Date of Collection Calendar date (month/day/year) when sample was collected in the field producer defined 9/18/2014 3/24/2016 month/day/year Time Time (24-hours) when sample was collected in the field producer defined 3:00 23:00 hours:minutes Maximum Depth Maximum depth in meters of sample collection producer defined 1.5 5.5 meters (m) 0.1 Salinity salinity as measured by YSI probe producer defined 3.70 37.98 practical salinity units (psu) 0.01 Temperature temperature as measured by YSI probe producer defined 22.60 29.48 degrees Celsius 0.01 Dissolved Oxygen dissolved oxygen as measured by YSI probe. Empty cells in the spreadsheet are common, as 15N:14N was not calculated for every sample. producer defined 1.70 7.24 milligrams per liter 0.01 Nitrate dissolved inorganic nitrate concentration standard reporting value in inorganic chemistry 0.01 117.26 micromolar 0.01 Ammonia dissolved inorganic ammonia concentration standard reporting value in inorganic chemistry 0.00 3.86 micromolar 0.01 Phosphate dissolved inorganic phosphate concentration standard reporting value in inorganic chemistry 0.04 12.75 micromolar 0.01 Silicate dissolved inorganic silicate concentration standard reporting value in inorganic chemistry 1.58 803.87 micromolar 0.01 pH the negative of the base 10 logarithm of the molar concentration, measured in units of moles per liter, of hydrogen ions standard reporting value in inorganic chemistry 7.36 8.05 unitless 0.01 Total Alkalinity total alkalinity concentration standard reporting value in inorganic chemistry 2059 2765 micromole per kilogram 1 Dissolved Inorganic Carbon the sum of inorganic carbon species in a solution (carbon dioxide, carbonic acid, bicarbonate anion, and carbonate) standard reporting value in inorganic chemistry 1958 2630 micromole per kilogram 1 Aragonite Saturation State ratio of [CO32-] and [Ca2+] divided by the aragonite solubility product (Ksp) assuming the concentration of calcium, [Ca2+] is proportional to the salinity, and the carbonate concentration, [CO32-] was calculated from TCO2, pH, and the values of K1 and K2 for carbonic acid. Calculated with measured salinity, temperature, nutrients, total alkalinity, and pH data using an Excel Workbook Macro translation of the original CO2SYS program (Lewis 1998) 0.52 3.40 ratio 0.01 pCO2 partial pressure of carbon dioxide (CO2) Calculated with measured salinity, temperature, nutrients, total alkalinity, and pH data using an Excel Workbook Macro translation of the original CO2SYS program (Lewis 1998). 332 3502 parts per million (ppm; dry at 1 atm) 1 Nitrate delta-N-15 delta-N-15 is a measure of the ratio of stable isotopes nitrogen-15:nitrogen-14 in nitrate, reported in parts per thousand (per mil). Empty cells in the spreadsheet are common, as 15N:14N was not calculated for every sample. standard reporting value in isotope chemistry 47.73 74.40 parts per thousand (per mil) 0.01 Nitrate delta-O-18 delta-O-18 is a measure of the ratio of stable isotopes oxygen-18:nitrogen-16 in nitrate, reported in parts per thousand (per mil). Empty cells in the spreadsheet are common, as 18O:16O was not calculated for every sample. standard reporting value in isotope chemistry 6.50 23.15 parts per thousand (per mil) 0.01 The first line of the csv file is a header line. U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase mailing and physical

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Denver CO 80225 1-888-275-8747 sciencebase@usgs.gov These data are available in .csv format contained in a single file. Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. comma-delimited text Excel 14.3.9 .csv File contains table in .csv format No compression applied 0.01792 https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/58f79f97e4b0b7ea5451f415 https://doi.org/10.5066/F7X34VPV Data can be downloaded via the Internet None. These data can be viewed with Microsoft Excel or any text reader 20201019 U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center PCMSC Science Data Coordinator mailing and physical

2885 Mission Street

Santa Cruz CA 95060-5792 US 831-427-4747 pcmsc_data@usgs.gov Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998