Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Nancy G. Prouty Originator: Kimberly Yates Originator: Nathan Smiley Originator: Christopher Gallagher Publication_Date: 2017 Title: Seawater carbonate chemistry, Kahekili, west Maui Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: comma-delimited text Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/F7X34VPV Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, California Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/F7X34VPV Online_Linkage: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/58f79f97e4b0b7ea5451f415 Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Nancy G. Prouty Originator: Anne Cohen Originator: Kimberly Yates Originator: Curt D. Storlazzi Originator: Peter Swarzenski Originator: Darla White Originator: Nathan Smiley Originator: Christopher Gallagher Publication_Date: 2017 Title: Coral growth parameters and seawater chemistry from Kahekili, west Maui Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/F7X34VPV Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, CA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/F7X34VPV Description: Abstract: Time-series of seawater carbonate chemistry variables, including salinity, dissolved inorganic nutrients, pH, total alkalinity, and dissolved inorganic carbon from sites along Kahekili Beach Park, west Maui near submarine groundwater seeps and living coral reefs. Samples for seawater were collected by pumping bottom water from the seafloor using a peristaltic pump and collecting discrete water samples every 4-hrs over a 6-day period. Purpose: These samples were collected and analyzed to characterize the diurnal variability in water carbonate chemistry and determine exposure to extremely low pH and high nutrient conditions linked to contaminated submarine groundwater discharge. Supplemental_Information: Additional information about the field activity from which these data were derived is available online at: http://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2016-637-FA Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20140918 Ending_Date: 20160324 Currentness_Reference: Ground condition at time data were collected Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -156.694 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -156.693 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 20.939 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 20.937 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier Theme_Keyword: USGS:58f79f97e4b0b7ea5451f415 Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: oceans Theme_Keyword: environment Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Data Categories for Marine Planning Theme_Keyword: Ecological Functions and Services Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: chemical analysis Theme_Keyword: geochemistry Theme_Keyword: marine chemistry Theme_Keyword: eutrophication Theme_Keyword: coelenterates Theme_Keyword: marine water quality Theme_Keyword: ocean acidification Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Theme_Keyword: coral reefs Theme_Keyword: nutrients Theme_Keyword: alkalinity Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Marine Realms Information Bank (MRIB) keywords Theme_Keyword: coastal pollution Theme_Keyword: geochemistry Theme_Keyword: groundwater geochemistry Theme_Keyword: chemical oceanography Theme_Keyword: human impacts on habitats Theme_Keyword: carbonate analysis Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) Place_Keyword: Pacific Ocean Place_Keyword: State of Hawaii Place_Keyword: Maui Access_Constraints: None Use_Constraints: USGS-authored or produced data and information are in the public domain from the U.S. Government and are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize and acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey and Division of Aquatic Resources, Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources as the originator(s) of the dataset and in products derived from these data. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Person: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 2885 Mission Street City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95060-5792 Country: US Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-427-4747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pcmsc_data@usgs.gov Data_Set_Credit: K.R. Pietro and K. Hoering (WHOI), J. Murray (UCSC), G. Paradis (UCSB) analytical assistance, and P. Dal Ferro, J. Logan, T. Reiss, and N. Smiley (USGS), J. McClaren (Stanford), M. Dailer (U. Hawaii), and C. Gallagher (UCSC) for field assistance. Native_Data_Set_Environment: Mac OSX 10.11.6, Microsoft Excel 14.7.1 for Mac Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: E. Lewis Originator: W.R. Wallace Publication_Date: 1998 Title: Program Developed for CO2 System Calculations Online_Linkage: http://cdiac.ornl.gov/oceans/co2rprt.html Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: W. Yao Originator: R.H. Bryne Publication_Date: 1998 Title: Simplified seawater alkalinity analysis: use of linear array spectrometers Online_Linkage: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0967063798000181 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: A.G. Dickson Originator: C.L. Sabine Originator: J.R. Christian Publication_Date: 2007 Title: Guide to best practices for ocean CO2 measurements Online_Linkage: http://cdiac.ornl.gov/oceans/Handbook_2007.html Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: H. Zhang Originator: R.H. Byrne Publication_Date: 1996 Title: Spectrophotometric pH measurements of surface seawater at in-situ conditions: absorbance and protonation behavior of thymol blue Online_Linkage: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0304420395000763 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: D.M. Sigman Originator: K.L. Casciotti Originator: M. Andreani Originator: C. Barford Originator: M. Galanter Originator: J.K. Bohlke Publication_Date: 2001 Title: A bacterial method for the nitrogen isotopic analysis of nitrate in seawater and freshwater Online_Linkage: http://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/ac010088e Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: All geochemistry data were calibrated against known standards. Logical_Consistency_Report: No logical accuracy tests were conducted. Completeness_Report: Dataset is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: A formal accuracy assessment of the horizontal positional information in the data set has not been conducted. Vertical_Positional_Accuracy: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: A formal accuracy assessment of the vertical positional information in the data set has not been conducted. Lineage: Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: University of California at Santa Barbara Marine Science Institute Publication_Date: 2016 Title: seawater nutrient analyses Type_of_Source_Media: seawater lab samples Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20160422 Source_Currentness_Reference: Date when lab analyses were completed Source_Citation_Abbreviation: nutrients (nitrate, ammonia, phosphate, and silicate) Source_Contribution: Flow injection analysis for dissolved nutrient concentrations. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey Publication_Date: 2016 Title: carbonate chemistry measurements Type_of_Source_Media: seawater lab samples Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20160920 Source_Currentness_Reference: Date when lab analyses were completed Source_Citation_Abbreviation: carbonate chemistry measurements (total alkalinity and dissolved inorganic carbon concentrations) Source_Contribution: Total alkalinity concentrations were measured following the spectrophotometric methods of Yao and Byrne (1998)). Dissolved inorganic carbon concentrations were measured using a UIC carbon coulometer model CM5014 and CM5130 acidification module following the methods of Dickson and others (2007). The pH value was determined by spectrophotometric methods using an Ocean Optics USB2000 spectrometer and thymol blue indicator dye following protocol of Zhang and Byrne (1996). For low salinity (< 10) water samples, discrete dissolved inorganic carbon samples were measured on an Apollo SciTech AS-C3 DIC autoanalyzer via sample acidification followed by non-dispersive infrared CO2 detection using a LiCOR 7000. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: University of California, Davis Stable Isotope Facility Publication_Date: 2016 Title: nitrate stable nitrogen isotope analysis Type_of_Source_Media: seawater lab samples Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20160909 Source_Currentness_Reference: Date when lab analyses were completed Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Nitrate delta-N-15 Source_Contribution: The denitrifier method of Sigman and others (2001) was used and isotope values were measured using a Thermo Finnigan MAT 252 coupled with a GasBench II interface. Isotope values are presented in per mil with respect to AIR for delta-N-15 and VSMO for delta-O-18. Process_Step: Process_Description: Results from the lab listed above were combined into a comma-delimited text document (Kahekili_seawater.csv) for this data release. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: All source contribution was used for this data Process_Date: 20160422 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Nancy Prouty Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 2885 Mission St. City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95060 Country: United States Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-460-7526 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: nprouty@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Deleted extraneous text from attribute resolution tag. Updated Point of Contact and Metadata contact to PCMSC static contact info, and added Process Step contact information as needed. No data or data information were changed. Process_Date: 20191125 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Susan A Cochran Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 2885 Mission St. City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95060 Country: United States Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-460-7545 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: scochran@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Edited metadata to add keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. No data were changed. Process_Date: 20201019 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: point Point_and_Vector_Object_Information: SDTS_Terms_Description: SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: Point Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 186 Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Geographic: Latitude_Resolution: 0.0001 Longitude_Resolution: 0.0001 Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal degrees Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: D_WGS_1984 Ellipsoid_Name: WGS_1984 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257224 Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: Kahekili_seawater.csv Entity_Type_Definition: Table containing results from seawater analyses of carbonate chemistry and environmental parameters. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute: Attribute_Label: Latitude Attribute_Definition: Latitude Attribute_Definition_Source: based hand held GPS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 20.937 Range_Domain_Maximum: 20.939 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: decimal degrees Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.001 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Longitude Attribute_Definition: Longitude Attribute_Definition_Source: based hand held GPS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -156.694 Range_Domain_Maximum: -156.693 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: decimal degrees Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.001 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Date of Collection Attribute_Definition: Calendar date (month/day/year) when sample was collected in the field Attribute_Definition_Source: producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 9/18/2014 Range_Domain_Maximum: 3/24/2016 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: month/day/year Attribute: Attribute_Label: Time Attribute_Definition: Time (24-hours) when sample was collected in the field Attribute_Definition_Source: producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 3:00 Range_Domain_Maximum: 23:00 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: hours:minutes Attribute: Attribute_Label: Maximum Depth Attribute_Definition: Maximum depth in meters of sample collection Attribute_Definition_Source: producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 1.5 Range_Domain_Maximum: 5.5 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters (m) Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.1 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Salinity Attribute_Definition: salinity as measured by YSI probe Attribute_Definition_Source: producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 3.70 Range_Domain_Maximum: 37.98 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: practical salinity units (psu) Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.01 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Temperature Attribute_Definition: temperature as measured by YSI probe Attribute_Definition_Source: producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 22.60 Range_Domain_Maximum: 29.48 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: degrees Celsius Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.01 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Dissolved Oxygen Attribute_Definition: dissolved oxygen as measured by YSI probe. Empty cells in the spreadsheet are common, as 15N:14N was not calculated for every sample. Attribute_Definition_Source: producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 1.70 Range_Domain_Maximum: 7.24 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: milligrams per liter Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.01 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Nitrate Attribute_Definition: dissolved inorganic nitrate concentration Attribute_Definition_Source: standard reporting value in inorganic chemistry Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.01 Range_Domain_Maximum: 117.26 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: micromolar Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.01 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Ammonia Attribute_Definition: dissolved inorganic ammonia concentration Attribute_Definition_Source: standard reporting value in inorganic chemistry Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.00 Range_Domain_Maximum: 3.86 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: micromolar Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.01 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Phosphate Attribute_Definition: dissolved inorganic phosphate concentration Attribute_Definition_Source: standard reporting value in inorganic chemistry Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.04 Range_Domain_Maximum: 12.75 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: micromolar Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.01 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Silicate Attribute_Definition: dissolved inorganic silicate concentration Attribute_Definition_Source: standard reporting value in inorganic chemistry Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 1.58 Range_Domain_Maximum: 803.87 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: micromolar Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.01 Attribute: Attribute_Label: pH Attribute_Definition: the negative of the base 10 logarithm of the molar concentration, measured in units of moles per liter, of hydrogen ions Attribute_Definition_Source: standard reporting value in inorganic chemistry Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 7.36 Range_Domain_Maximum: 8.05 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: unitless Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.01 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Total Alkalinity Attribute_Definition: total alkalinity concentration Attribute_Definition_Source: standard reporting value in inorganic chemistry Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 2059 Range_Domain_Maximum: 2765 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: micromole per kilogram Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Dissolved Inorganic Carbon Attribute_Definition: the sum of inorganic carbon species in a solution (carbon dioxide, carbonic acid, bicarbonate anion, and carbonate) Attribute_Definition_Source: standard reporting value in inorganic chemistry Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 1958 Range_Domain_Maximum: 2630 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: micromole per kilogram Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Aragonite Saturation State Attribute_Definition: ratio of [CO32-] and [Ca2+] divided by the aragonite solubility product (Ksp) assuming the concentration of calcium, [Ca2+] is proportional to the salinity, and the carbonate concentration, [CO32-] was calculated from TCO2, pH, and the values of K1 and K2 for carbonic acid. Attribute_Definition_Source: Calculated with measured salinity, temperature, nutrients, total alkalinity, and pH data using an Excel Workbook Macro translation of the original CO2SYS program (Lewis 1998) Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.52 Range_Domain_Maximum: 3.40 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: ratio Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.01 Attribute: Attribute_Label: pCO2 Attribute_Definition: partial pressure of carbon dioxide (CO2) Attribute_Definition_Source: Calculated with measured salinity, temperature, nutrients, total alkalinity, and pH data using an Excel Workbook Macro translation of the original CO2SYS program (Lewis 1998). Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 332 Range_Domain_Maximum: 3502 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: parts per million (ppm; dry at 1 atm) Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Nitrate delta-N-15 Attribute_Definition: delta-N-15 is a measure of the ratio of stable isotopes nitrogen-15:nitrogen-14 in nitrate, reported in parts per thousand (per mil). Empty cells in the spreadsheet are common, as 15N:14N was not calculated for every sample. Attribute_Definition_Source: standard reporting value in isotope chemistry Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 47.73 Range_Domain_Maximum: 74.40 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: parts per thousand (per mil) Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.01 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Nitrate delta-O-18 Attribute_Definition: delta-O-18 is a measure of the ratio of stable isotopes oxygen-18:nitrogen-16 in nitrate, reported in parts per thousand (per mil). Empty cells in the spreadsheet are common, as 18O:16O was not calculated for every sample. Attribute_Definition_Source: standard reporting value in isotope chemistry Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 6.50 Range_Domain_Maximum: 23.15 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: parts per thousand (per mil) Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.01 Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: The first line of the csv file is a header line. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: U.S. Geological Survey Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302 City: Denver State_or_Province: CO Postal_Code: 80225 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1-888-275-8747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: sciencebase@usgs.gov Resource_Description: These data are available in .csv format contained in a single file. Distribution_Liability: Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: comma-delimited text Format_Version_Number: Excel 14.3.9 Format_Specification: .csv Format_Information_Content: File contains table in .csv format File_Decompression_Technique: No compression applied Transfer_Size: 0.01792 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/58f79f97e4b0b7ea5451f415 Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/F7X34VPV Access_Instructions: Data can be downloaded via the Internet Fees: None. Technical_Prerequisites: These data can be viewed with Microsoft Excel or any text reader Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20201019 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Person: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 2885 Mission Street City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95060-5792 Country: US Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-427-4747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pcmsc_data@usgs.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998