Central San Francisco Bay bathymetric change: 1855 to 1979

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Metadata:

Identification_Information
Data_Quality_Information
Spatial_Data_Organization_Information
Spatial_Reference_Information
Entity_and_Attribute_Information
Distribution_Information
Metadata_Reference_Information

Identification_Information:

Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Amy C. Foxgrover
Originator: Theresa A. Fregoso
Originator: Bruce E. Jaffe
Publication_Date: 20241004
Title: Central San Francisco Bay bathymetric change: 1855 to 1979
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: GeoTIFF
Series_Information:

Series_Name: data release
Issue_Identification: doi:10.5066/P13H35QB

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, CA
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P13H35QB
Online_Linkage:

https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/66760496d34e3cf50fef28ef

Larger_Work_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Amy C. Foxgrover
Originator: Theresa A. Fregoso
Originator: Bruce E. Jaffe
Publication_Date: 2024
Title:

Historical bathymetry and bathymetric change within San Francisco Bay, California: 1855 to 2005

Series_Information:

Series_Name: data release
Issue_Identification: doi:10.5066/P13H35QB

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, CA
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey

Other_Citation_Details:

Suggested Citation: Foxgrover, A.C., Fregoso, T.A., and Jaffe, B.E., 2024, Historical bathymetry and bathymetric change within San Francisco Bay, California: 1855 to 2005: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P13H35QB.

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P13H35QB
Online_Linkage:

https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/663ea8fdd34eaf9729f7b46d

Description:

Abstract:

This data release provides a series of four bathymetric change grids generated from historical bathymetric surveys collected in central San Francisco Bay, CA from the 1855 to 1979. The National Ocean Service (NOS) and its predecessor, the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey, collected hydrographic surveys in 1855, 1895, 1920, 1947, and 1979. Surface modeling software was used to generate bathymetric DEMs of each of these surveys. The bathymetric DEMs were then adjusted to account for gridding interpolation bias and changes in sea level through time. The adjusted DEMs for consecutive surveys were then differenced to reveal the amount of sediment erosion and deposition and changes from human activities (e.g., dredging, sand mining, and sediment placement) that occurred through time. These bathymetric change grids are provided here in GeoTIFF format with a horizontal resolution of 25 meters and can be used to quantify net sediment volume change and rates of change throughout the bay.

Purpose:

Analysis of historical bathymetric surveys enables us to reconstruct the surface of the bay floor through time and quantify spatial and temporal changes in deposition, erosion, and bathymetry over decadal timescales. These data provide insight on changes to San Francisco Bay in response to natural processes as well as anthropogenic activities and can inform numerous studies and applications such as sediment management practices, restoration projects, regional adaptation plans, contaminant transport research, and sea-level rise studies. These data are intended for science researchers, students, policy makers, and the general public. These data can be used with geographic information systems (GIS) or other software to identify changes in the depth of the bay floor through time. These data are not intended to be used for navigational purposes.

Supplemental_Information:

Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this Federal Geographic Data Committee-compliant metadata file is intended to document the data set in nonproprietary form, as well as in Esri format, this metadata file may include some Esri-specific terminology.

Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Range_of_Dates/Times:

Beginning_Date: 1855
Ending_Date: 1979

Currentness_Reference: ground condition at time data were collected

Status:

Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned

Spatial_Domain:

Bounding_Coordinates:

West_Bounding_Coordinate: -122.160318
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -122.546101
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 38.000784
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 37.721974

Keywords:

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: The National Map Collection Thesaurus
Theme_Keyword: Digital Elevation Model (DEM)

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus
Theme_Keyword: bathymetry
Theme_Keyword: topography
Theme_Keyword: geographic information systems
Theme_Keyword: geospatial datasets
Theme_Keyword: GPS measurement
Theme_Keyword: digital elevation models

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Data Categories for Marine Planning
Theme_Keyword: Bathymetry and Elevation

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Marine Realms Information Bank (MRIB) keywords
Theme_Keyword: geographic information systems (GIS)
Theme_Keyword: single-beam echo sounder
Theme_Keyword: topographic mapping
Theme_Keyword: Global Positioning System (GPS) observations

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
Theme_Keyword: elevation
Theme_Keyword: inlandWaters

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier
Theme_Keyword: USGS:66760496d34e3cf50fef28ef

Place:

Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Geographic Names Information System (GNIS)
Place_Keyword: San Francisco Bay
Place_Keyword: San Pablo Bay
Place_Keyword: Suisun Bay

Place:

Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Place_Keyword: Central San Francisco Bay
Place_Keyword: South San Francisco Bay

Access_Constraints: No access constraints
Use_Constraints:

USGS-authored or produced data and information are in the public domain from the U.S. Government and are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize and acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator(s) of the dataset and in products derived from these data. This information is not intended for navigation purposes.

Point_of_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization:

U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center

Contact_Person: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 2885 Mission Street
City: Santa Cruz
State_or_Province: CA
Postal_Code: 95060

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-427-4747
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pcmsc_data@usgs.gov

Browse_Graphic:

Browse_Graphic_File_Name:

https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/66760496d34e3cf50fef28ef?name=CB_chg_map_1855_1895.png&allowOpen=true

Browse_Graphic_File_Description: Sample map of central Bay bathymetric change from 1855 to 1895.
Browse_Graphic_File_Type: PNG

Native_Data_Set_Environment:

Microsoft Version 6.2 (Build 9200); Esri ArcGIS 10.8.1.14362(Build 9270) Service Pack N/A (Build N/A)

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Theresa A. Fregoso
Originator: Amy C. Foxgrover
Originator: Bruce E. Jaffe
Publication_Date: 2008
Title:

Sediment deposition, erosion, and bathymetric change in central San Francisco Bay: 1855-1979

Other_Citation_Details:

Fregoso, T.A., Foxgrover, A.C., and Jaffe, B.E., 2008, Sediment deposition, erosion, and bathymetric change in central San Francisco Bay: 1855-1979: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008–1312, 41 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081312.

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081312

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: International Hydrographic Organization (IHO)
Publication_Date: 2022
Title: IHO standards for hydrographic surveys (6th ed.)
Other_Citation_Details:

reference on hydrographic survey standards provided for added interest to users of these data

Online_Linkage:

https://iho.int/uploads/user/pubs/standards/s-44/S-44_Edition_6.1.0.pdf

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc (Esri)
Publication_Date: 2024
Title: Topo to Raster help page
Online_Linkage:

https://desktop.arcgis.com/en/arcmap/latest/tools/3d-analyst-toolbox/topo-to-raster.htm

Data_Quality_Information:

Attribute_Accuracy:

Attribute_Accuracy_Report: No formal attribute accuracy tests were conducted.

Logical_Consistency_Report: No formal logical consistency tests were conducted.
Completeness_Report:

Data set is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details.

Positional_Accuracy:

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:

Data are as accurate as source data used. No further tests were conducted, and no claims are made to positional accuracy.

Vertical_Positional_Accuracy:

Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report:

Data are as accurate as source data used. No further tests were conducted, and no claims are made to vertical accuracy.

Lineage:

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
Publication_Date: 2024
Title:

NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) Bathymetric Data Viewer website

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: xyz, tif
Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: online
Publisher: NOAA / NESDIS / NCEI / Maps / Seafloor Mapping

Online_Linkage: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/maps/bathymetry/

Type_of_Source_Media: Digital Resources
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Range_of_Dates/Times:

Beginning_Date: 1853
Ending_Date: 1983

Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: NOAAbathy
Source_Contribution:

NOAA NOS single-beam surveys. 1850s to 1920s surveys available as images of NOS smooth sheets, 1930s to 1980s as digital sounding data.

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
Publication_Date: 2024
Title: NOAA Shoreline Data Explorer website
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Raster Digital Dataset
Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: online
Publisher: NOAA / NOS

Online_Linkage: https://nsde.ngs.noaa.gov/

Type_of_Source_Media: Digital Resources
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Range_of_Dates/Times:

Beginning_Date: 1850
Ending_Date: 1985

Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: NOSshore
Source_Contribution:

NOS Topographic Sheets (T-sheets) to extract mean high water (MHW) shorelines used as DEM extent boundary.

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: San Francisco Estuary Institute
Publication_Date: 1998
Title: San Francisco Estuary Institute EcoAtlas
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: shapefile
Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: compact disc
Publisher: SFEI

Type_of_Source_Media: Digital Resources
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Range_of_Dates/Times:

Beginning_Date: 1850
Ending_Date: 1998

Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: SFEIshore
Source_Contribution:

Historical and modern baylands GIS shapefiles used to supplement shorelines extracted from T-sheets, as needed.

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

All processes and methods used for developing the 1855, 1895, 1920, 1947, 1979 bathymetric DEMs are outlined in Fregoso and others (2008); please refer to that for more information beyond the summary in this document

Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Fregoso and others (2008)
Process_Date: 2006

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

Hydrographic sounding data downloaded for all time periods. Pre-1930s surveys were obtained as images of H-sheets that were geoferenced to NAD83 and the soundings manually digitized. Post-1930 soundings were downloaded in digital format (NOAA, 2024). The study area is covered by a compilation of hydrographic surveys that were generally conducted over the span of a few years. The year displayed with the DEMs provided is the year in which the majority of the study area was surveyed. However, the compilation of surveys covering the entire study area can span many years and end users are encouraged to view the original H-sheets and descriptive reports provided by NOAA (2024) for additional details.

Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: NOAAbathy
Process_Date: 2006
Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: soundings and contours

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

Shorelines were obtained from T-sheets and assigned a spatially variable elevation value of MHW derived from nearby tide stations, ranging from 1.52 to 2.1 m (Fregoso and others, 2008). The 1979 shoreline was modified based upon EcoAtlas data (San Francisco Estuary Institute, 1998).

Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: NOSshore
Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: SFEIshore
Process_Date: 2006
Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: shorelines

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

Bathymetric contours were digitized from H-sheets or hand drawn as needed to help define the general morphology of the bay floor and to constrain the gridding algorithm. To ensure realistic nearshore morphology, in areas where soundings were not collected within close proximity to the shoreline, an additional contour was added parallel to the shoreline, 20 m within the bay and assigned an approximate elevation of mean tide level (MTL). Supplementary contours were manually added to the 1850's tidal flats where the original sounding values have been omitted from the H-sheets.

Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: NOAAbathy
Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: NOSshore
Process_Date: 2006
Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: contours

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

For each time period, soundings were combined with bathymetric contours and shoreline shapefiles and interpolated into continuous surface models with horizontal resolution of 25 m using ArcInfo's TopoGrid module (now Topo To Raster, Esri, 2024). Bathymetry in tributary channels less than 3-cells wide were excluded because they could not be accurately modeled at the given resolution. Z-values are in meters relative to the MLLW tidal epoch referenced at the time of survey collection.

Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: NOAAbathy
Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: shorelines
Process_Date: 2007
Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: TopoGrid DEMs

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

An estimate of grid interpolation bias was estimated for each time period by comparing the value of each individual sounding to the cell value of the bathymetric grid at that specific location. Each bathymetric DEM was then adjusted to correct for interpolation bias by deepening the raster surface by the mean values presented in Table 6 of Fregoso and others (2008).

Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: TopoGrid DEMs
Process_Date: 2007
Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: BIAS ADJ DEM

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

The last step, prior to generating change grids, was to adjust all of the DEMs to a common vertical datum to account for changing survey datums associated with fluctuations in sea level over the 124-year span of the surveys. All surveys were adjusted to the 1983-2001 tidal epoch, by adjusting the 1855 survey by -15.9 cm, the 1895 survey by -17.1 cm, the 1920 by -14.9, the 1947 by -11.3 cm and the 1979 survey by -7.0 cm. A negative adjustment (or a deepening of bathymetry) accounts for an increase in the height of the reference tidal datum over time. Neglecting this adjustment, would make the later survey appear deeper than an identical sounding at the same location from the earlier survey, thereby falsely exaggerating the impression of erosion over time.

Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: TopoGrid DEMs
Process_Date: 2007
Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: MLLW ADJ DEMs

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

Grids of sediment deposition and erosion amounts between consecutive time periods were generated by taking the above, adjusted DEMs and subtracting latter DEM from the earlier DEM. Z-values are in meters, and positive values represent sediment deposition and negative, sediment erosion.

Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: MLLW ADJ DEMs
Process_Date: 2007
Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: Change DEM

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

Minor edits were made to the citation links in this metadata file. No data were changed. (mau@usgs.gov)

Process_Date: 20241114

Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:

Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster
Raster_Object_Information:

Raster_Object_Type: pixel

Spatial_Reference_Information:

Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:

Planar:

Grid_Coordinate_System:

Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator
Universal_Transverse_Mercator:

UTM_Zone_Number: 10
Transverse_Mercator:

Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.9996
Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -123.0
Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.0
False_Easting: 500000.0
False_Northing: 0.0

Planar_Coordinate_Information:

Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: row and column
Coordinate_Representation:

Abscissa_Resolution: 25
Ordinate_Resolution: 25

Planar_Distance_Units: Meter

Geodetic_Model:

Horizontal_Datum_Name: D North American 1983
Ellipsoid_Name: GRS_1980
Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.0
Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257222101

Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition:

Altitude_System_Definition:

Altitude_Datum_Name: N/A, relative vertical change
Altitude_Resolution: 0.01
Altitude_Distance_Units: meters
Altitude_Encoding_Method: Attribute values

Entity_and_Attribute_Information:

Detailed_Description:

Entity_Type:

Entity_Type_Label: floating point
Entity_Type_Definition:

GeoTIFF of bathymetric change for the specified time period. Z-value in meters, positive values represent sediment deposition and negative represent sediment erosion. Cells with values of -3.4028231e+38 indicate No Data.

Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Producer defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Value
Attribute_Definition: Bathymetric change (m)
Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: -29.44
Range_Domain_Maximum: 26.09
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters
Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.01

Overview_Description:

Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:

Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:

The entity and attribute information were generated by the individual and/or agency identified as the originator of the data set. Please review the rest of the metadata record for additional details and information.

Distribution_Information:

Distributor:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302
City: Denver
State_or_Province: CO
Postal_Code: 80225
Country: US

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1-888-275-8747
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: sciencebase@usgs.gov

Resource_Description:

Files (CB_chg_1855_1895_m.zip, CB_chg_1895_1920_m.zip, CB_chg_1920_1947_m.zip, CB_chg_1947_1979_m.zip) contain bathymetric change grids in GeoTIFF format for the time period indicated.

Distribution_Liability:

Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty.

Standard_Order_Process:

Digital_Form:

Digital_Transfer_Information:

Format_Name: GeoTIFF
Format_Version_Number: ArcGIS 10.8.1
Format_Information_Content:

Zip file contains a GeoTIFF of the 1855 to 1895 bathymetric change grid and associated TIFF world file (.tfw)

File_Decompression_Technique:

Data can be unpacked using WinZip, or other zip decompression software.

Transfer_Size: 0.9

Digital_Transfer_Option:

Online_Option:

Computer_Contact_Information:

Network_Address:

Network_Resource_Name:

https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/66760496d34e3cf50fef28ef?name=CB_chg_1855_1895_m.zip

Network_Resource_Name:

https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/66760496d34e3cf50fef28ef

Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P13H35QB

Access_Instructions:

Data can be downloaded using the Network_Resource_Name links. The first link is a direct link to download the zipped file of bathymetry data. The second link points to a landing page for bathymetric change grids derived from these DEMs. The third link points to the landing page for the entire San Francisco Bay data series.

Digital_Form:

Digital_Transfer_Information:

Format_Name: GeoTIFF
Format_Version_Number: ArcGIS 10.8.1
Format_Information_Content:

Zip file contains a GeoTIFF of the 1895 to 1920 bathymetric change grid and associated TIFF world file (.tfw)

File_Decompression_Technique:

Data can be unpacked using WinZip, or other zip decompression software.

Transfer_Size: 0.8

Digital_Transfer_Option:

Online_Option:

Computer_Contact_Information:

Network_Address:

Network_Resource_Name:

https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/66760496d34e3cf50fef28ef?name=CB_chg_1895_1920_m.zip

Network_Resource_Name:

https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/66760496d34e3cf50fef28ef

Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P13H35QB

Access_Instructions:

Digital_Form:

Digital_Transfer_Information:

Format_Name: GeoTIFF
Format_Version_Number: ArcGIS 10.8.1
Format_Information_Content:

Zip file contains a GeoTIFF of the 1920 to 1947 bathymetric change grid and associated TIFF world file (.tfw)

File_Decompression_Technique:

Data can be unpacked using WinZip, or other zip decompression software.

Transfer_Size: 0.7

Digital_Transfer_Option:

Online_Option:

Computer_Contact_Information:

Network_Address:

Network_Resource_Name:

https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/66760496d34e3cf50fef28ef?name=CB_chg_1920_1947_m.zip

Network_Resource_Name:

https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/66760496d34e3cf50fef28ef

Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P13H35QB

Access_Instructions:

Digital_Form:

Digital_Transfer_Information:

Format_Name: GeoTIFF
Format_Version_Number: ArcGIS 10.8.1
Format_Information_Content:

Zip file contains a GeoTIFF of the 1947 to 1979 bathymetric change grid and associated TIFF world file (.tfw)

File_Decompression_Technique:

Data can be unpacked using WinZip, or other zip decompression software.

Transfer_Size: 0.8

Digital_Transfer_Option:

Online_Option:

Computer_Contact_Information:

Network_Address:

Network_Resource_Name:

https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/66760496d34e3cf50fef28ef?name=CB_chg_1947_1979_m.zip

Network_Resource_Name:

https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/66760496d34e3cf50fef28ef

Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P13H35QB

Access_Instructions:

Fees: None

Technical_Prerequisites:

These data can be viewed with GIS software such as ArcGIS, QGIS, or Global Mapper.

Metadata_Reference_Information:

Metadata_Date: 20241114
Metadata_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization:

U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center

Contact_Person: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 2885 Mission Street
City: Santa Cruz
State_or_Province: CA
Postal_Code: 95060

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-427-4747
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pcmsc_data@usgs.gov

Metadata_Standard_Name: Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998

This page is <https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/catalog/pcmsc/DataReleases/ScienceBase/DR_P13H35QB/CentralBay_BathyChange_metadata.html>