Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Amy C. Foxgrover Originator: Theresa A. Fregoso Originator: Bruce E. Jaffe Publication_Date: 20241004 Title: Central San Francisco Bay bathymetry: 1855 to 1979 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: GeoTIFF Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: doi:10.5066/P13H35QB Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, CA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: doi:10.5066/P13H35QB Online_Linkage: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/66760468d34e3cf50fef28ec Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Amy C. Foxgrover Originator: Theresa A. Fregoso Originator: Bruce E. Jaffe Publication_Date: 2024 Title: Historical bathymetry and bathymetric change within San Francisco Bay, California: 1855 to 2005 Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: doi:10.5066/P13H35QB Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, CA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Other_Citation_Details: Suggested Citation: Foxgrover, A.C., Fregoso, T.A., and Jaffe, B.E., 2024, Historical bathymetry and bathymetric change within San Francisco Bay, California: 1855 to 2005: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P13H35QB. Online_Linkage: doi:10.5066/P13H35QB Online_Linkage: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/663ea8fdd34eaf9729f7b46d Description: Abstract: This data release provides a series of five bathymetric digital elevation models (DEMs) of central San Francisco Bay, CA generated from single-beam hydrographic surveys collected from 1855 to 1979. The DEMs were constructed based upon historical United States Coast and Geodetic Survey and National Ocean Service (NOS) surveys collected in 1855, 1895, 1920, 1947, and 1979. Depth soundings from the pre-1930s surveys were manually digitized and georeferenced while the later surveys were obtained in digital format, and all information compiled into a geographic information system (GIS). Using surface modeling software, the soundings from each survey were supplemented with hand-drawn contours and shorelines obtained from topographic sheets to generate bathymetric DEMs at a horizontal resolution of 25 m. The bathymetric DEMs are provided in GeoTIFF format, vertically referenced to the Mean Lower Low Water (MLLW) tidal epoch referenced at the time of data collection. Purpose: Analysis of historical bathymetric surveys enables us to reconstruct the surface of the bay floor through time and quantify spatial and temporal changes in deposition, erosion, and bathymetry over decadal timescales. These data provide insight on changes to San Francisco Bay in response to natural processes as well as anthropogenic activities and can inform numerous studies and applications such as sediment management practices, restoration projects, regional adaptation plans, contaminant transport research, and sea-level rise studies. These data are intended for science researchers, students, policy makers, and the general public. These data can be used with geographic information systems (GIS) or other software to identify changes in the depth of the bay floor through time. These data are not intended to be used for navigational purposes. Supplemental_Information: Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this Federal Geographic Data Committee-compliant metadata file is intended to document the data set in nonproprietary form, as well as in Esri format, this metadata file may include some Esri-specific terminology. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 1855 Ending_Date: 1979 Currentness_Reference: ground condition at time data were collected Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -122.160318 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -122.546101 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 38.000784 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 37.721974 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: The National Map Collection Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: Digital Elevation Model (DEM) Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: bathymetry Theme_Keyword: topography Theme_Keyword: geographic information systems Theme_Keyword: geospatial datasets Theme_Keyword: GPS measurement Theme_Keyword: digital elevation models Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Data Categories for Marine Planning Theme_Keyword: Bathymetry and Elevation Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Marine Realms Information Bank (MRIB) keywords Theme_Keyword: geographic information systems (GIS) Theme_Keyword: single-beam echo sounder Theme_Keyword: topographic mapping Theme_Keyword: Global Positioning System (GPS) observations Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: elevation Theme_Keyword: inlandWaters Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier Theme_Keyword: USGS:66760468d34e3cf50fef28ec Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) Place_Keyword: San Francisco Bay Place_Keyword: San Pablo Bay Place_Keyword: Suisun Bay Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: Central San Francisco Bay Place_Keyword: South San Francisco Bay Access_Constraints: No access constraints Use_Constraints: USGS-authored or produced data and information are in the public domain from the U.S. Government and are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize and acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator(s) of the dataset and in products derived from these data. This information is not intended for navigation purposes. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Person: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 2885 Mission Street City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95060 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-427-4747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pcmsc_data@usgs.gov Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/66760468d34e3cf50fef28ec?name=CB_bathy_map_1855.png&allowOpen=true Browse_Graphic_File_Description: Sample map of 1855 Central Bay bathymetry. Browse_Graphic_File_Type: PNG Native_Data_Set_Environment: Microsoft Version 6.2 (Build 9200); Esri ArcGIS 10.8.1.14362(Build 9270) Service Pack N/A (Build N/A) Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Theresa A. Fregoso Originator: Amy C. Foxgrover Originator: Bruce E. Jaffe Publication_Date: 2008 Title: Sediment deposition, erosion, and bathymetric change in central San Francisco Bay: 1855-1979 Other_Citation_Details: Fregoso, T.A., Foxgrover, A.C., and Jaffe, B.E., 2008, Sediment deposition, erosion, and bathymetric change in central San Francisco Bay: 1855-1979: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008–1312, 41 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081312. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081312 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) Publication_Date: 2022 Title: IHO standards for hydrographic surveys (6th ed.) Other_Citation_Details: reference on hydrographic survey standards provided for added interest to users of these data Online_Linkage: https://iho.int/uploads/user/pubs/standards/s-44/S-44_Edition_6.1.0.pdf Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc (Esri) Publication_Date: 2024 Title: Topo to Raster help page Online_Linkage: https://desktop.arcgis.com/en/arcmap/latest/tools/3d-analyst-toolbox/topo-to-raster.htm Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: No formal attribute accuracy tests were conducted. Logical_Consistency_Report: No formal logical consistency tests were conducted. Completeness_Report: Data set is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Data are as accurate as source data used. No further tests were conducted, and no claims are made to positional accuracy. Vertical_Positional_Accuracy: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Data are as accurate as source data used. No further tests were conducted, and no claims are made to vertical accuracy. Lineage: Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Publication_Date: 2024 Title: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) Bathymetric Data Viewer website Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: xyz, tif Publication_Information: Publication_Place: online Publisher: NOAA / NESDIS / NCEI / Maps / Seafloor Mapping Online_Linkage: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/maps/bathymetry/ Type_of_Source_Media: Digital Resources Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 1853 Ending_Date: 1983 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: NOAAbathy Source_Contribution: NOAA NOS single-beam surveys. 1850s to 1920s surveys available as images of NOS smooth sheets, 1930s to 1980s as digital sounding data. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Publication_Date: 2024 Title: NOAA Shoreline Data Explorer website Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Raster Digital Dataset Publication_Information: Publication_Place: online Publisher: NOAA / NOS Online_Linkage: https://nsde.ngs.noaa.gov/ Type_of_Source_Media: Digital Resources Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 1850 Ending_Date: 1985 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: NOSshore Source_Contribution: NOS Topographic Sheets (T-sheets) used to delineate mean high water (MHW) shorelines used for DEM extent boundary. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: San Francisco Estuary Institute Publication_Date: 1998 Title: San Francisco Estuary Institute EcoAtlas Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: shapefile Publication_Information: Publication_Place: compact disc Publisher: SFEI Type_of_Source_Media: Digital Resources Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 1850 Ending_Date: 1998 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: SFEIshore Source_Contribution: Historical and modern baylands GIS shapefiles used to supplement shorelines extracted from T-sheets, as needed. Process_Step: Process_Description: All processes and methods used for developing the 1855, 1895, 1920, 1947, 1979 bathymetric DEMs are outlined in Fregoso and others (2008); please refer to that for more information beyond the summary in this document Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Fregoso and others (2008) Process_Date: 2006 Process_Step: Process_Description: Hydrographic sounding data downloaded for all time periods. Pre-1930s surveys were obtained as images of H-sheets that were geoferenced to NAD83 and the soundings manually digitized. Post-1930 soundings were downloaded in digital format (NOAA, 2024). The study area is covered by a compilation of hydrographic surveys that were generally conducted over the span of a few years. The year displayed with the DEMs provided is the year in which the majority of the study area was surveyed. However, the compilation of surveys covering the entire study area can span many years and end users are encouraged to view the original H-sheets and descriptive reports provided by NOAA (2024) for additional details. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: NOAAbathy Process_Date: 2006 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: soundings and contours Process_Step: Process_Description: Shorelines were obtained from T-sheets and assigned a spatially variable elevation value of MHW derived from nearby tide stations, ranging from 1.52 to 2.1 m (Fregoso and others, 2008). The 1979 shoreline was modified based upon EcoAtlas data (San Francisco Estuary Institute, 1998). Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: NOSshore Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: SFEIshore Process_Date: 2006 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: shorelines Process_Step: Process_Description: Bathymetric contours were digitized from H-sheets or hand drawn as needed to help define the general morphology of the bay floor and to constrain the gridding algorithm. To ensure realistic nearshore morphology, in areas where soundings were not collected within close proximity to the shoreline, an additional contour was added parallel to the shoreline, 20 m within the bay and assigned an approximate elevation of mean tide level (MTL). Supplementary contours were manually added to the 1850's tidal flats where the original sounding values have been omitted from the H-sheets. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: NOAAbathy Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: NOSshore Process_Date: 2006 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: contours Process_Step: Process_Description: For each time period, soundings were combined with bathymetric contours and shoreline shapefiles and interpolated into continuous surface models with horizontal resolution of 25 m using ArcInfo's TopoGrid module (now Topo To Raster, Esri, 2024). Bathymetry in tributary channels less than 3-cells wide were excluded because they could not be accurately modeled at the given resolution. Z-values are in meters relative to the MLLW tidal epoch referenced at the time of survey collection. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: NOAAbathy Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: shorelines Process_Date: 2007 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: TopoGrid DEMs Process_Step: Process_Description: An estimate of grid interpolation bias was estimated for each time period by comparing the value of each individual sounding to the cell value of the bathymetric grid at that specific location. Each bathymetric DEM was then adjusted to correct for interpolation bias by deepening the raster surface by the mean values presented in Table 6 of Fregoso and others (2008). Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: TopoGrid DEMs Process_Date: 2007 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: BIAS ADJ DEM Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster Raster_Object_Information: Raster_Object_Type: pixel Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Planar: Grid_Coordinate_System: Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator Universal_Transverse_Mercator: UTM_Zone_Number: 10 Transverse_Mercator: Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.9996 Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -123.0 Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.0 False_Easting: 500000.0 False_Northing: 0.0 Planar_Coordinate_Information: Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: row and column Coordinate_Representation: Abscissa_Resolution: 25 Ordinate_Resolution: 25 Planar_Distance_Units: Meter Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: D North American 1983 Ellipsoid_Name: GRS_1980 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.0 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257222101 Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition: Altitude_System_Definition: Altitude_Datum_Name: Mean Lower Low Water (MLLW) Altitude_Resolution: 0.01 Altitude_Distance_Units: meters Altitude_Encoding_Method: Explicit elevation coordinate included with horizontal coordinates Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: floating point Entity_Type_Definition: Interpolation bias-corrected DEM with elevation in meters, relative to the MLLW tidal epoch referenced at the time of survey collection. Positive values represent elevations above MLLW and negative represent values below. Cells with values of -3.4028231e+38 indicate No Data. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute: Attribute_Label: Value Attribute_Definition: Elevation relative to MLLW (m) Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -114.56 Range_Domain_Maximum: 2.65 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.01 Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: Interpolation bias-corrected DEM with elevation in meters, relative to the MLLW tidal epoch referenced at the time of survey collection. Since no previously established tidal epoch was available for the 1850s surveys, we have assumed that these surveys were referenced to MLLW during the months in which these surveys were collected. Positive values represent elevations above MLLW and negative represent values below. Cells with values of -3.4028231e+38 indicate No Data. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: The entity and attribute information were generated by the individual and/or agency identified as the originator of the data set. Please review the rest of the metadata record for additional details and information. Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302 City: Denver State_or_Province: CO Postal_Code: 80225 Country: US Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1-888-275-8747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: sciencebase@usgs.gov Resource_Description: Files (CB_1855bathy_MLLW_m.zip, CB_1895bathy_MLLW_m.zip, CB_1920bathy_MLLW_m.zip, CB_1947bathy_MLLW_m.zip, CB_1979bathy_MLLW_m.zip) contain bathymetric GeoTIFFs and associated TIFF world files (.tfw) for the time period indicated. Distribution_Liability: Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: GeoTIFF Format_Version_Number: ArcGIS 10.8.1 Format_Information_Content: Zip file contains a GeoTIFF of the 1855 bathymetric DEM with associated TIFF world file (.tfw). File_Decompression_Technique: Data can be unpacked using WinZip, or other zip decompression software. Transfer_Size: 2.0 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/66760468d34e3cf50fef28ec?name=CB_1855bathy_MLLW_m.zip Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/66760468d34e3cf50fef28ec Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P13H35QB Access_Instructions: Data can be downloaded using the Network_Resource_Name links. The first link is a direct link to download the zipped file of bathymetry data. The second link points to a landing page containing the full series of central Bay bathymetric grids. The third link points to the landing page for the entire San Francisco Bay data series. Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: GeoTIFF Format_Version_Number: ArcGIS 10.8.1 Format_Information_Content: Zip file contains a GeoTIFF of the 1895 bathymetric DEM with associated TIFFworld file (.tfw). File_Decompression_Technique: Data can be unpacked using WinZip, or other zip decompression software. Transfer_Size: 2.0 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/66760468d34e3cf50fef28ec?name=CB_1895bathy_MLLW_m.zip Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/66760468d34e3cf50fef28ec Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P13H35QB Access_Instructions: Data can be downloaded using the Network_Resource_Name links. The first link is a direct link to download the zipped file of bathymetry data. The second link points to a landing page containing the full series of central Bay bathymetric grids. The third link points to the landing page for the entire San Francisco Bay data series. Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: GeoTIFF Format_Version_Number: ArcGIS 10.8.1 Format_Information_Content: Zip file contains a GeoTIFF of the 1920 bathymetric DEM with associated TIFF world file (.tfw). File_Decompression_Technique: Data can be unpacked using WinZip, or other zip decompression software. Transfer_Size: 1.6 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/66760468d34e3cf50fef28ec?name=CB_1920bathy_MLLW_m.zip Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/66760468d34e3cf50fef28ec Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P13H35QB Access_Instructions: Data can be downloaded using the Network_Resource_Name links. The first link is a direct link to download the zipped file of bathymetry data. The second link points to a landing page containing the full series of central Bay bathymetric grids. The third link points to the landing page for the entire San Francisco Bay data series. Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: GeoTIFF Format_Version_Number: ArcGIS 10.8.1 Format_Information_Content: Zip file contains a GeoTIFF of the 1947 bathymetric DEM with associated TIFF world file (.tfw). File_Decompression_Technique: Data can be unpacked using WinZip, or other zip decompression software. Transfer_Size: 1.7 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/66760468d34e3cf50fef28ec?name=CB_1947bathy_MLLW_m.zip Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/66760468d34e3cf50fef28ec Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P13H35QB Access_Instructions: Data can be downloaded using the Network_Resource_Name links. The first link is a direct link to download the zipped file of bathymetry data. The second link points to a landing page containing the full series of central Bay bathymetric grids. The third link points to the landing page for the entire San Francisco Bay data series. Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: GeoTIFF Format_Version_Number: ArcGIS 10.8.1 Format_Information_Content: Zip file contains a GeoTIFF of the 1979 bathymetric DEM with associated TIFF world file (.tfw). File_Decompression_Technique: Data can be unpacked using WinZip, or other zip decompression software. Transfer_Size: 1.7 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/66760468d34e3cf50fef28ec?name=CB_1979bathy_MLLW_m.zip Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/66760468d34e3cf50fef28ec Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P13H35QB Access_Instructions: Data can be downloaded using the Network_Resource_Name links. The first link is a direct link to download the zipped file of bathymetry data. The second link points to a landing page containing the full series of central Bay bathymetric grids. The third link points to the landing page for the entire San Francisco Bay data series. Fees: None Technical_Prerequisites: These data can be viewed with GIS software such as ArcGIS, QGIS, or Global Mapper. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20241004 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Person: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 2885 Mission Street City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95060 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-427-4747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pcmsc_data@usgs.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998