Survey of sites for the presence of the nonindigenous benthic foraminifera Trochammina hadai along the west coast of North America from 1930 to 2022

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Frequently anticipated questions:

What does this data set describe?
Who produced the data set?
Why was the data set created?
How was the data set created?
How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?
How can someone get a copy of the data set?
Who wrote the metadata?

What does this data set describe?

Title:

Survey of sites for the presence of the nonindigenous benthic foraminifera Trochammina hadai along the west coast of North America from 1930 to 2022

Abstract:

Results of a survey of samples collected from 1930 to 2022 along the west coast of the United States from Alaska to San Diego, California as well as Honolulu, Hawaii for the presence of the Asian nonindigenous benthic foraminifera Trochammina hadai.

Supplemental_Information:

How might this data set be cited?
McGann, Mary, Foxgrover, Amy C., Takesue, Renee K., Grossman, Eric E., Torresan, Michael E., Moreno, Melanie, Weakland, Sandra, Keaten, Rendy, Lewis, Roger, Anima, Roberto J., Fuller, Christopher C., Quinterno, Paula J., Cohen, Andrew N., Martin, Ruth A., Hines, Anson H., Wright, Cynthia A., Macdonald, Valerie, R., Mairi M. Best, Llanso, Roberto J., Brancato, Mary Sue, Penttila, Dan, Carlton, James T., Sloan, Doris, and Brunner, Charlotte A., 20241017, Survey of sites for the presence of the nonindigenous benthic foraminifera Trochammina hadai along the west coast of North America from 1930 to 2022: data release DOI:10.5066/P13KSOAC, U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, California.
Online Links:
- https://doi.org/10.5066/P13KSOAC
Other_Citation_Details:
Suggested Citation: McGann, M., Foxgrover, A.C., Takesue, R.K., Grossman, E.E., Torresan, M.E., Moreno, M., Weakland, S., Keaten, R., Lewis, R., Anima, R.J., Fuller, C.C., Quinterno, P.J., Cohen, A.N., Martin, R.A., Hines, A.H., Wright, C.A., Macdonald, V., Best, M.M.R., Llanso, R.J., Brancato, M.S., Penttila, D., Carlton, J.T., Sloan, D., and Brunner, C.A., 2024, Survey of sites for the presence of the nonindigenous benthic foraminifera Trochammina hadai along the west coast of North America from 1930 to 2022: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P13KSOAC.
What geographic area does the data set cover?
West_Bounding_Coordinate: -157.890781
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -117.087040
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 61.241667
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 19.699333
What does it look like?
Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?

Beginning_Date: 01-Jan-1930

Ending_Date: 21-May-2022

Currentness_Reference:

Ground condition at time data were collected.
What is the general form of this data set?
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: comma-separated values
How does the data set represent geographic features?
1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
  This is a Point data set. It contains the following vector data types (SDTS terminology):
  - Point (2404)
2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
  Horizontal positions are specified in geographic coordinates, that is, latitude and longitude. Latitudes are given to the nearest 0.000001. Longitudes are given to the nearest 0.000001. Latitude and longitude values are specified in Decimal degrees. The horizontal datum used is North American Datum of 1927.
  The ellipsoid used is Clarke 1866.
  The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378206.4.
  The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/294.978698214.

How does the data set describe geographic features?

A comma-separated values file with the first line being a header line.

Results of presence or absence data of the non-indigenous benthic foraminiferal species Trochammina hadai at sites along the west coast of North America. (Source: Producer defined.)

Country

Country in which the sample was obtained (Source: Producer defined.)

Value	Definition
United States	Country in which the sample was obtained
Canada	Country in which the sample was obtained

State_Province

State or Province in which the sample was obtained (Source: Producer defined.)

Value	Definition
Alaska	State in the United States in which the sample was obtained
British Columbia	Province in Canada in which the sample was obtained
California	State in the United States in which the sample was obtained
Hawaii	State in the United States in which the sample was obtained
Oregon	State in the United States in which the sample was obtained
Washington	State in the United States in which the sample was obtained

Collector

Name of the person who collected the sample (Source: Producer defined) List of names of those who collected samples

Collectors_Institution

Name of the institution of the person who collected the sample (Source: Producer defined) List of institutions to which those who collected samples are affiliated. NAN indicates the Collector's Institution was not specified.

USGS_Field_Activity_Number

Name of the field activity (Source: Producer defined.) Unique alphanumeric identifier for a U.S. Geological Survey field activity, in F-F-FF-FF or FFFF-FFF-FF format. The F-F-FF-FF format (e.g., F-5-89-PW) represents the ship used for sampling (e.g., F equals Farnella), the number of the cruise by that ship in the year (e.g., 5 equals fifth cruise), the year of the cruise (e.g., 89 equals 1989), and an abbreviation of the geographic location of the cruise (e.g., PW equals Prince William Sound, Alaska). The FFFF-FFF-FF format (e.g., 1997-609-FA or 2000-606-DD) represents the year of the field activity (e.g., FFFF equals 1997), the number assigned to the field activity (FFF equals 609), and the last two digits (FF) representing a USGS field activity (FA) or donated data (DD) (i.e., samples). NAN indicates no USGS Field Activity Number was assigned.

Sample_ID

Name of the sample (Source: Producer defined) Unique alphanumeric identifier for the sample.

Sample_Type

Type of sample collected. NAN indicates no sampling device was recorded. (Source: Produce defined)

Value	Definition
Gravity Core	Gravity Core indicates the sample was collected with a gravity corer from a vessel.
Vibracore	Vibracore indicates the sample was collected with a vibracorer from a vessel.
Push core	Push core indicates the sample was collected with a push corer from a vessel.
Box Core	Box Core indicates the sample was collected with a box core from a vessel.
Core	Core indicates the sample was collected with an unspecified type of core from a vessel.
Ponar Grab	Ponar Grab indicates the sample was collected with a ponar grab from a vessel.
Petite Ponar Grab	Petite Ponar Grab indicates the sample was collected with a petite ponar grab from a vessel.
Smith-MacIntyre Grab	Smith-MacIntyre Grab indicates the sample was collected with a Smith-MacIntyre grab from a vessel.
Emery Grab	Emery Grab indicates the sample was collected with an Emery grab from a vessel.
Van Veen Grab	Van Veen Grab indicates the sample was collected with a Van Veen grab from a vessel.
Modified van Veen Grab	Modified van Veen Grab indicates the sample was collected with a modified van Veen grab from a vessel.
Grab	Grab indicates the sample was collected with an unspecified grab from a vessel.
Snapper Sampler	Snapper Sampler indicates the sample was collected with a Snapper Sampler from a vessel.
Shipek Sampler	Shipek Sampler indicates the sample was collected with a Shipek Sampler from a vessel.
Clamshell Dredge	Clamshell Dredge indicates the sample was collected with a clamshell dredge from a vessel.
Peterson Dredge	Peterson Dredge indicates the sample was collected with a Peterson dredge from a vessel.
Dredge	Dredge indicates the sample was collected with an unspecified dredge from a vessel.
Davis (Hand) Corer	Davis (Hand) Corer indicates the sample was collected with a Davis hand corer.
Hand Auger	Hand Auger indicates the sample was collected with a hand auger.
Hand Corer	Hand Corer indicates the sample was collected with an unspecified hand corer.
Hand Sample	Hand Sample indicates the sample was collected with a spoon from a dock or shoreline.

Sample_Location

Generalized geographic location (Source: Producer defined.) List of site geographic locations. NAN indicates no location of the sample site was recorded.

Description_of_Site

Name of the station. (Source: Producer defined) More precise description of sample location. NAN indicates no precise description of the site was recorded.

Initial_date_of_sampling

Date when sampling commenced. NAN indicates no initial sampling date was recorded. (Source: Producer defined.)

Range of values
Minimum:	1930-01-01
Maximum:	2022-05-21
Units:	YYYY-MM-DD

Final_date_of_sampling

Date when sampling concluded. NAN indicates no final sampling date was recorded. (Source: Producer defined.)

Range of values
Minimum:	1930-12-31
Maximum:	2022-05-21
Units:	YYYY-MM-DD

Latitude

Latitude of the sample location. 9999 indicates no latitude was recorded. (Source: Producer defined.)

Range of values
Minimum:	19.699333
Maximum:	61.241667
Units:	decimal degrees
Resolution:	0.000001

Longitude

Longitude of the sample location. 9999 indicates no longitude was recorded. (Source: Producer defined.)

Range of values
Minimum:	-157.890781
Maximum:	-117.087040
Units:	decimal degree
Resolution:	0.000001

Water_Depth_m

Water depth in meters at which the sample was collected. 9999 indicates no water depth was recorded. (Source: Producer defined.)

Range of values
Minimum:	0.0
Maximum:	1023.0
Units:	meters
Resolution:	0.1

Trochammina_hadai_present

Presence or absence of Trochammina hadai in the sample (Source: Producer defined.)

Value	Definition
yes	Presence of Trochammina hadai is indicted by a yes.
no	Absence of Trochammina hadai is indicated by a no.

Notes

Additional information about the sample. NAN indicates no notes are available. (Source: Producer defined.) Any more information about the sample that might be useful to the user.

Related_Publication

Author and date of publication in which the sample is referenced. NAN indicates no related publications are available. (Source: Producer defined.) Publication that refers to the sample. In San Francisco Bay, CA, those publications include McDonald and Diediker (1930), Conomos (1963), Means (1965), Slater (1965), Gram (1966), Quinterno (1968), Locke (1971), Connor (1975), Wagner (1978), Arnal and others (1980), McGann (1995, 2008, 2014, 2018), McGann and Sloan (1999), and McGann and others (2013, 2019, 2023). In Tomales Bay, CA, the publications are McCormick and others (1994) and Anima and others (2008). In Padilla Bay, WA, the publication is McGann and others (2012). In Puget Sound, the publication is Martin and others (2013). Off Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada, the publication is McGann and Holzmann (2024). In Alaska, the publication is McGann and others (2019).

Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:

The first line of the comma-separated values file is a header line.

Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: U.S. Geological Survey

Who produced the data set?

Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
- Mary McGann
- Amy C. Foxgrover
- Renee K. Takesue
- Eric E. Grossman
- Michael E. Torresan
- Melanie Moreno
- Sandra Weakland
- Rendy Keaten
- Roger Lewis
- Roberto J. Anima
- Christopher C. Fuller
- Paula J. Quinterno
- Andrew N. Cohen
- Ruth A. Martin
- Anson H. Hines
- Cynthia A. Wright
- Valerie Macdonald
- Mairi M. R. Best
- Roberto J. Llanso
- Mary Sue Brancato
- Dan Penttila
- James T. Carlton
- Doris Sloan
- Charlotte A. Brunner
Who also contributed to the data set?
To whom should users address questions about the data?

U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center

Attn: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator

2885 Mission Street
Santa Cruz, CA

650-329-4979 (voice)

pcmsc_data@usgs.gov

Why was the data set created?

In 1995 we identified the nonindigenous benthic foraminifera Trochammina hadai, a common protozoan species in Asian estuaries, in core-top sediments that were collected in 1993 from south San Francisco Bay, CA (McGann, 1995). Following this discovery, we undertook a systematic re-examination of foraminiferal studies, cores, and recent sediment samples acquired between 1930 and 2010 from that bay, as well as along the west coast of North America from Alaska to the U.S.-Mexico border and Hawaii to determine its current range as of 2022.

How was the data set created?

From what previous works were the data drawn?
How were the data generated, processed, and modified?

Date: 2022 (process 1 of 1)
Surface and core sediment samples were analyzed for benthic foraminifera. These sediment samples were wet-sieved through stacked 0.063 mm, 0.150 mm, and 1.0 mm screens to remove the silt and clay-sized fractions (less than 0.063 mm). Sediment remaining on each screen was transferred to filter paper, air-dried, and then recombined with the other size fractions. Foraminifera were extracted from the greater than 0.063 mm to 1.0 mm fractions. Each sample was split with the aid of a microsplitter into an aliquot containing at least 300 benthic foraminifers. While viewing under a microscope, specimens were removed from the matrix with a small, moistened picking brush, and placed on pre-glued microfaunal slides. All specimens were picked, including the nonindigenous species Trochammina hadai, identified using the nomenclature registered in the World Foraminiferal Database, and tabulated. If the sample contained less than 300 foraminifera, all that were present were picked. The foraminiferal slides and residues of this study are on file at the U.S. Geological Survey, Santa Cruz, California.
What similar or related data should the user be aware of?
McDonald, J.A., and Diediker, P.L., 1930, A preliminary report on the foraminifera of San Francisco Bay, California.

Other_Citation_Details:
McDonald, J.A., and Diediker, P.L., 1930, A preliminary report on the foraminifera of San Francisco Bay, California: Micropaleontology Bulletin, v. 2, no. 2, p. 33-37.

Conomos, T.J., 1963, Geologic aspects of the recent sediments of south San Francisco Bay.

Other_Citation_Details:
Conomos, T.J., 1963, Geologic aspects of the recent sediments of south San Francisco Bay: San Jose, California, San Jose State College, M.S. thesis, 118 p.

Means, K.D., 1965, Sediments and foraminifera of Richardson Bay, California..

Other_Citation_Details:
Means, K.D., 1965, Sediments and foraminifera of Richardson Bay, California: Los Angeles, California, University of Southern California, M.A. thesis, 80 p.

Slater, R.A., 1965, Sedimentary environments in Suisun Bay, California..

Other_Citation_Details:
Slater, R.A., 1965, Sedimentary environments in Suisun Bay, California: Los Angeles, California, University of Southern California, M.A. thesis, 104 pp.

Gram, R., 1966, The marine geology of the Recent sediments of central San Francisco Bay..

Other_Citation_Details:
Gram, R., 1966, The marine geology of the Recent sediments of central San Francisco Bay: San Jose, California, San Jose State College, M.S. thesis, 132 p.

Quinterno, P.J., 1968, Distribution of recent foraminifera in central and south San Francisco Bay..

Other_Citation_Details:
Quinterno, P.J., 1968, Distribution of recent foraminifera in central and south San Francisco Bay: San Jose, California, San Jose State College, M.S. thesis, 83 p.

Locke, J.L., 1971, Sedimentation and foraminiferal aspects of the recent sediments of San Pablo Bay..

Other_Citation_Details:
Locke, J.L., 1971, Sedimentation and foraminiferal aspects of the recent sediments of San Pablo Bay: San Jose, California, San Jose State College, M.S. thesis, 100 p.

Connor, C.L., 1975, Holocene sedimentation history of Richardson Bay, California..

Other_Citation_Details:
Connor, C.L., 1975, Holocene sedimentation history of Richardson Bay, California: Stanford, California, Stanford University, M.S. thesis, 112 p.

Wagner, D.B., 1978, Environmental history of central San Francisco Bay with emphasis on foraminiferal paleontology and clay mineralogy..

Other_Citation_Details:
Wagner, D.B., 1978, Environmental history of central San Francisco Bay with emphasis on foraminiferal paleontology and clay mineralogy: Berkeley, California, University of California, Ph.D. Dissertation, 274 p.

Arnal, R.E., Quinterno, P.J., Conomos, T.J., and Gram, R., 1980, Trends in the distribution of recent foraminifera in San Francisco Bay..

Other_Citation_Details:
Arnal, R.E., Quinterno, P.J., Conomos, T.J., Gram, R., 1980, Trends in the distribution of recent foraminifera in San Francisco Bay, in: Sliter, W.V., ed., Studies in Marine Micropaleontology and Paleoecology: Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research Special Publication 19, p. 17-39.
Quinterno, P.J., and Carkin, B., 1991, Benthic foraminifers from Prince William Sound, Alaska - one year after the Exxon Valdez oil spill..
Online Links:
- https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr91631
Other_Citation_Details:
Quinterno, P.J., and Carkin, B.A., 1991, Benthic foraminifers from Prince William Sound, Alaska - one year after the Exxon Valdez oil spill, in Carlson, P.R., ed., Sediment of Prince William Sound, beach to deep fjord floor, a year after the Exxon Valdez oil spill: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 91-631, p. 31-68.

McCormick, J.M., Severin, K.P., and Lipps, J.H., 1994, Summer and winter distribution of foraminifera in Tomales Bay, northern California..

Other_Citation_Details:
McCormick, J.M., Severin, K.P., and Lipps, J.H., 1994, Summer and winter distribution of foraminifera in Tomales Bay, northern California: Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research Special Publication 32, p. 69-101.

USGS, BRD, CERC, and University, Texas A&M, 1998, Fate of disposal material and polluted sediment, offshore Honolulu..

Other_Citation_Details:
USGS, BRD, CERC, and Texas A&M University, 1998, Fate of disposal material and polluted sediment, offshore Honolulu (Coastal and Marine Geology Program), in Final report on survey of sediment toxicity in the vicinity of Honolulu Hawaii, 18 p. with 9 attachments.

McGann, M., 1995, 3500-year B.P. record of climatic change in estuarine deposits of south San Francisco Bay, California..

Other_Citation_Details:
McGann, M., 1995, 3500-year B.P. record of climatic change in estuarine deposits of south San Francisco Bay, California, in Sangin's, E.M., Andersen, D.W., and Buising, A.V., eds., Recent geologic studies in the San Francisco Bay area: Pacific Section, Society of Sedimentary Geology (SEPM), v. 76, p. 225-236.
McGann, M., and Sloan, D., 1999, Benthic foraminifers in the Regional Monitoring Program's San Francisco Estuary samples, in 1997 Annual Report for the Regional Monitoring Program for Trace Substances in the San Francisco Estuary.
Online Links:
- https://www.sfei.org/sites/default/files/biblio_files/1997_RMP_Annual_Report.pdf
Other_Citation_Details:
McGann, M., and Sloan, D., 1999, Benthic foraminifers in the Regional Monitoring Program's San Francisco Estuary samples, in 1997 Annual Report for the Regional Monitoring Program for Trace Substances in the San Francisco Estuary: San Francisco Estuary Institute, Richmond, CA p. 249-258.
McGann, M., 2008, High-resolution foraminiferal, isotopic, and trace element records from Holocene estuarine deposits of San Francisco Bay, California..
Online Links:
- https://doi.org/10.2112/08A-0003.1
Other_Citation_Details:
McGann, M., 2008, High-resolution foraminiferal, isotopic, and trace element records from Holocene estuarine deposits of San Francisco Bay, California: Journal of Coastal Research, v. 24, no. 5, p. 1092-1109.
Anima, R.L., Chin, J.L., Finlayson, D.P., McGann, M.L., and Wong, F.L., 2008, Interferometric sidescan mapping, sediment and foraminiferal analyses: a new look at Tomales Bay, California..
Online Links:
- https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1237
Other_Citation_Details:
Anima, R.L., Chin, J.L., Finlayson, D.P., McGann, M.L., and Wong, F.L., 2008, Interferometric sidescan mapping, sediment and foraminiferal analyses: a new look at Tomales Bay, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1237, 33 p.
McGann, M., Grossman, E.E., Takesue, R.K., Penttila, D., Walsh, J.P., and Corbett, R., 2012, Arrival and expansion of the invasive foraminifera Trochammina hadai Uchio in Padilla Bay, Washington..
Online Links:
- https://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.3955/046.086.0102
Other_Citation_Details:
McGann, M., Grossman, E.E., Takesue, R.K. Penttila, D., Walsh, J.P., and Corbett R., 2012, Arrival and expansion of the invasive foraminifera Trochammina hadai Uchio in Padilla Bay, Washington: Northwest Science, v. 86, no. 1, p. 9-26.
McGann, M., Erikson, L., Wan, E., C. Powell, II, and Maddocks, R.F., 2013, Distribution of biologic, anthropogenic, and volcanic constituents as a proxy for sediment transport in the San Francisco Bay Coastal System..
Online Links:
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2013.05.006
Other_Citation_Details:
McGann, M., Erikson, L., Wan, E., Powell, C., II, and Maddocks, R.F., 2013, Distribution of biologic, anthropogenic, and volcanic constituents as a proxy for sediment transport in the San Francisco Bay Coastal System: Marine Geology, v. 345, p. 113-142.
Martin, R.A., Nesbitt, E.A., and Martin, D.E., 2013, Distribution of foraminifera in Puget Sound, Western Washington, U.S.A..
Online Links:
- https://doi.org/10.2113/gsjfr.43.3.291
Other_Citation_Details:
Martin, R.A., Nesbitt, E.A., and Martin, D.E., 2013, Distribution of foraminifera in Puget Sound, Western Washington, U.S.A.: Journal of Foraminiferal Research, v. 43, no. 3, p. 291-304.
McGann, M., 2014, Earliest record of the invasive Foraminifera Trochammina hadai in San Francisco Bay, California, USA..
Online Links:
- https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755267214000888
Other_Citation_Details:
McGann, M., 2014, Earliest record of the invasive Foraminifera Trochammina hadai in San Francisco Bay, California, USA: Marine Biodiversity Records, 7(e94), p. 1-7.
McGann, M., 2018, Initial dispersal (1986-1987) of the invasive foraminifera Trochammina hadai Uchio in San Francisco Bay, California, USA..
Online Links:
- https://www.jstor.org/stable/26759096
Other_Citation_Details:
McGann, M., 2018, Initial dispersal (1986-1987) of the invasive foraminifera Trochammina hadai Uchio in San Francisco Bay, California, USA: Micropaleontology, v. 64, p. 365-378.
McGann, M., Ruiz, G.M., Hines, A.H., and Smith, G., 2019, A ship's ballasting history as an indicator of foraminiferal invasion potential - an example from Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA..
Online Links:
- https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/cushmanfoundation/jfr/article-pdf/49/4/434/4855343/i0096-1191-49-4-434.pdf
Other_Citation_Details:
McGann, M., Ruiz, G.M., Hines, A.H., and Smith G., 2019, A ship's ballasting history as an indicator of foraminiferal invasion potential - an example from Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA: Journal of Foraminiferal Research, v. 49, p. 434-455.
McGann, M., Starratt, S.W., Reidy, L., Lorenson, T.D., Phillips, R.L., and Kneeshaw, T.A., 2023, Radiocarbon measurements, census counts of benthic foraminifera, diatoms, and palynomorphs, and geochemistry from core 721-1 obtained in 2002 off San Francisquito Creek in South San Francisco Bay..
Online Links:
- https://doi.org/10.5066/P9QQT6KZ.
Other_Citation_Details:
McGann, M., Starratt, S.W., Reidy, L., Lorenson, T.D., Phillips, R.L., and Kneeshaw, T.A., 2023. Radiocarbon measurements, census counts of benthic foraminifera, diatoms, and palynomorphs, and geochemistry from core 721-1 obtained in 2002 off San Francisquito Creek in South San Francisco Bay: U.S. Geological Survey Data Release.
McGann, M., and Holzmann, M., 2024, First occurrence of the invasive Asian foraminifera Ammonia confertitesta in the northeastern Pacific Ocean: Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada..
Online Links:
- htpps://doi.org/10.47894/mpal.70.2.02
Other_Citation_Details:
McGann, M., and Holzmann, M., 2024, First occurrence of the invasive Asian foraminifera Ammonia confertitesta in the northeastern Pacific Ocean: Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada: Micropaleontology, v. 70, p. 115-127.

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

How well have the observations been checked?
Microscopes are operationally checked every year to assure optics are aligned and visual acuity can be maximized during sorting and identifications. Specimen identifications were compared to reference material (actual specimens and published monographs) to ensure identifications were accurate. Specimen enumeration (counts)or tabulations of presence and absence were checked with original laboratory bench sorting sheets to assure numbers were correct, and the sorting and data entry into spreadsheets was rechecked at least once.
How accurate are the geographic locations?
A formal accuracy assessment of the horizontal positional information in the data set has not been conducted. The horizontal accuracy was determined with a Leica GPS for R/V Polaris cruises 1983-611-DD, 1986-602-DD, and P-1-87-SF, a Garmin ProNav GPS 100 for R/V David Johnston cruises 1993-602-DD and J-1-98-SF, and a Garmin 4212 GPS for R/V Parke Snavely cruises S-7-10-SF and S-8-10-SF. The horizontal accuracy for the 1997-1999 Washington State Department of Ecology PSAMP samples was determined using a Trimble NT300D GPS with 2-meter accuracy. The horizontal accuracy was not specified for the other sites.
How accurate are the heights or depths?
A formal accuracy assessment of the vertical positional information in the data set has not been conducted. Depth was determined using a Garmin GPSMAP with depth sounder for R/V Polaris cruises 1983-611-DD, 1986-602-DD, and P-1-87-SF, and a Furuno FCV585 depth sounder for R/V David Johnston and R/V Parke Snavely cruises 1993-602-DD, J-1-98-SF, S-7-10-SF, and S-8-10-SF. The vertical accuracy was not specified for the other sites.
Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
Dataset is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the metadata for each part of this data release carefully for additional details.
How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
Data were checked for logical consistency by the laboratory staff before release to confirm that numerical values were not outside a reasonable range for a particular field.

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?

Access_Constraints	No access constraints
Use_Constraints	USGS-authored or produced data and information are in the public domain from the U.S. Government and are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution.

Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)

U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase

Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302
Denver, CO

1-888-275-8747 (voice)

sciencebase@usgs.gov
What's the catalog number I need to order this data set? These data are available in a comma-delimited text file (T_hadai_US_west_coast_sites.csv) which contains results from a survey of sites for the presence of the nonindigenous benthic foraminifera Trochammina hadai along the west coast of North America from 1930 to 2022.
What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty.

How can I download or order the data?

Availability in digital form:

Data format:	.csv file in format comma-separated values (version Microsoft Excel 16.85 for Mac) Size: 0.770
Network links:	https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/664e545dd34e702fe87458f7 https://doi.org/10.5066/P13KSOAC

Cost to order the data: None.

What hardware or software do I need in order to use the data set?
These data can be viewed with any text editor software.

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:: Last modified: 17-Oct-2024
Metadata author:: U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center

Attn: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator

2885 Mission Street
Santa Cruz, CA

831-427-4747 (voice)

pcmsc_data@usgs.gov
Metadata standard:: Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)

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