Global ferromanganese crust and abyssal ferromanganese nodule prospective occurrence regions

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Frequently anticipated questions:

What does this data set describe?

Title:
Global ferromanganese crust and abyssal ferromanganese nodule prospective occurrence regions
Abstract:
This data release is a polygon shapefile representing prospective occurrence regions of ferromanganese crusts and abyssal ferromanganese nodules on the seafloor throughout the global oceans. Polygons represent areas where oceanographic criteria, such as low sedimentation rate and moderate primary productivity, overlap with geologic criteria, including regions with appropriate seafloor morphology for each mineral type, such as seamounts and ridges or abyssal plains. The regions indicate where ferromanganese crusts and abyssal ferromanganese nodules are likely to occur but do not indicate whether minerals have been found in these regions, nor do they indicate the presence of a mineral deposit.
Supplemental_Information:
Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
Although this Federal Geographic Data Committee-compliant metadata file is intended to document the dataset in nonproprietary form, as well as in Esri format, this metadata file may include some Esri-specific terminology.
  1. How might this data set be cited?
    Fregoso, Theresa A., Au, Manda V., Mizell, Kira, Hein, James, and Gartman, Amy, 20240924, Global ferromanganese crust and abyssal ferromanganese nodule prospective occurrence regions: data release DOI:10.5066/P13R3J6J, U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, CA.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details:
    Suggested Citation: Fregoso, T.A., Au, M.V., Mizell, K., Hein. J., and Gartman, A., 2024, Global ferromanganese crust and abyssal ferromanganese nodule prospective occurrence regions: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi:10.5066/P13R3J6J.
  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?
    West_Bounding_Coordinate: -180.000000
    East_Bounding_Coordinate: 180.000000
    North_Bounding_Coordinate: 85.03045368200003
    South_Bounding_Coordinate: -64.056409
  3. What does it look like?
    https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/65b15547d34e36a39044a928?name=Global_Prospective_Regions.png &allowOpen=true (PNG)
    Map showing the locations of prospective regions of global marine minerals.
  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?
    Calendar_Date: 05-Sep-2024
    Currentness_Reference:
    publication date
  5. What is the general form of this data set?
    Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data
  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
    1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
      This is a Vector data set. It contains the following vector data types (SDTS terminology):
      • GT-polygon composed of chains (134)
    2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
      Horizontal positions are specified in geographic coordinates, that is, latitude and longitude. Latitudes are given to the nearest 0.00001. Longitudes are given to the nearest 0.00001. Latitude and longitude values are specified in Decimal degrees. The horizontal datum used is D_WGS_1984.
      The ellipsoid used is WGS_1984.
      The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378137.0.
      The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/298.257223563.
  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?
    Global_Prospective_Ferromanganese_Regions_WGS84
    Regions of potential marine minerals in the global oceans (Source: Producer defined)
    FID
    Internal feature number (Source: Esri) Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.
    Shape
    Feature geometry (Source: Esri) Coordinates defining the features.
    Poly_Num
    Polygon ID of region (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:1
    Maximum:13 4
    Units:Sequential numbers that will serve as the identification number for each region.
    Resolution:1
    Ocean
    Undersea marine area where prospective region occurs. (Source: Producer defined)
    ValueDefinition
    Arctic OceanGeographic names of world oceans
    Indian OceanGeographic names of world oceans
    North Atlantic OceanGeographic names of world oceans
    North Pacific OceanGeographic names of world oceans
    South Atlantic OceanGeographic names of world oceans
    South Pacific OceanGeographic names of world oceans
    Southern OceanGeographic names of world oceans
    Pro_Type
    type of prospective region (Source: Producer defined)
    ValueDefinition
    Geographic names of world oceansCrust
    Geographic names of world oceansNodule
    Geographic names of world oceansCrust and Nodule
    Shape_Leng
    Perimeter of feature in internal units. (Source: ESRI)
    Range of values
    Minimum:1.792261
    Maximum:264.419982
    Units:Area in Km2
    Resolution:0.00001
    Shape_Area
    Area of feature in internal units squared. (Source: ESRI)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.160711
    Maximum:727.45171
    Units:Area in Km2
    Resolution:0.00001
    Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
    Polygon shapefile showing potential areas of Ferromanganese in the global oceans, labeled by polygon number and grouped by crust, nodule, or both.
    Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:
    The entity and attribute information were generated by the individual and/or agency identified as the originator of the data set. Please review the rest of the metadata record for additional details and information.

Who produced the data set?

  1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
    • Theresa A. Fregoso
    • Manda V. Au
    • Kira Mizell
    • James Hein
    • Amy Gartman
  2. Who also contributed to the data set?
  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
    U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
    Attn: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator
    2885 Mission Street
    Santa Cruz, CA

    831-427-4747 (voice)
    pcmsc_data@usgs.gov

Why was the data set created?

This work was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS ) Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program through the USGS Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, and in part by the U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management through Interagency Agreement M19PG00021 with the USGS. These shapefiles were created as part of the USGS effort to understand geologic and oceanographic processes that lead to the formation of marine minerals and where marine mineral resources occur. An area designated here as prospective does not mean that the region hosts marine minerals, and it does not indicate that the marine minerals occurring in that region will be economically viable. Regions not meeting the criteria for prospective designation are not included here. These regional outlines are intended to provide baseline information regarding where marine minerals are likely to occur throughout the global ocean, for use by scientists, resource managers, and the general public. The data can be used with geographic information systems (GIS) software for research purposes.

How was the data set created?

  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
    IMLGS (source 1 of 10)
    Curators of Marine and Lacustrine Geological Samples Consortium, 1977, Index to Marine and Lacustrine Geological Samples (IMLGS): National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NOAA], National Centers for Environmental Information, online.

    Online Links:

    Type_of_Source_Media: digital resource
    Source_Contribution: Sample data used to identify locations of marine minerals.
    ODP (source 2 of 10)
    Program, Ocean Drilling, 2003, Ocean Drilling Program: Consortium for Ocean Leadership, online.

    Online Links:

    Type_of_Source_Media: Digital Resource
    Source_Contribution: Sample data used to identify locations of marine minerals.
    IODP (source 3 of 10)
    International Ocean Discovery Program, 2024, Integrated Ocean Drilling Program: Science Support Office at Scripps Institution of Oceanography, online.

    Online Links:

    Type_of_Source_Media: Digital Resource
    Source_Contribution: Sample data used to identify locations of marine minerals.
    DSDP (source 4 of 10)
    Scripps Institution of Oceanography, and Foundation, National Science, 1984, Deep Sea Drilling Project: Texas A&M University Digital Library, online.

    Online Links:

    Type_of_Source_Media: scanned paper resources
    Source_Contribution: Sample data used to identify locations of marine minerals.
    GEBCO (source 5 of 10)
    General Bathymetric Compilation Group, 2020, General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans (GEBCO) 2020 grid - continuous terrain model of the global oceans and land: British Oceanographic Data Centre, online.

    Online Links:

    Type_of_Source_Media: Digital Resources
    Source_Contribution:
    Used in conjunction with other data to determine possible locations of marine minerals.
    Chloro (source 6 of 10)
    NASA Ocean Biology (OB.DAAC), 2014, Mean annual sea surface chlorophyll-a concentration for the period 2009-2013 (composite dataset created by UNEP-WCMC). Data obtained from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Aqua Ocean Colour website (NASA OB.DAAC, Greenbelt, MD, USA). Accessed 28/11/2014.: Cambridge (UK UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre, online.

    Online Links:

    Type_of_Source_Media: Digital Resources
    Source_Contribution:
    Used in conjunction with other data to determine possible locations of marine minerals.
    Seafloor seds (source 7 of 10)
    Dutkiewicz, Adriana, Muller, R. Dietmar, O'Callaghan, Simon, and Jonasson, Hjortur, 2015, Census of seafloor sediments in the world's ocean: Geology, online.

    Online Links:

    Type_of_Source_Media: Digital Resources
    Source_Contribution:
    Used in conjunction with other data to determine possible locations of marine minerals.
    sed thick (source 8 of 10)
    Straume, E.O., Gaina, C., Medvedev, S., Hochmuth, K., Gohl, K., Whittaker, J.M., Fattah, R. Abdul, Doornenbal, J.C., and Hopper, J.R., 2019, GlobSed: Updated Total Sediment Thickness in the World's Oceans: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, online.

    Online Links:

    Type_of_Source_Media: Digital Resources
    Source_Contribution:
    Used in conjunction with other data to determine possible locations of marine minerals.
    MEDUSA (source 9 of 10)
    Yool, A., Popova, E.E., and Anderson, T.R., 2013, MEDUSA-2.0: an intermediate complexity biogeochemical model of the marine carbon cycle for climate change and ocean acidification studies: Geosci. Model Dev, online.

    Online Links:

    Type_of_Source_Media: Digital Resources
    Source_Contribution:
    Used in conjunction with other data to determine possible locations of marine minerals.
    NOAA DEM (source 10 of 10)
    NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, 2024, Digital Elevation Models Global Mosaic (Color Shaded Relief): NOAA, online.

    Online Links:

    Type_of_Source_Media: Digital Resources
    Source_Contribution:
    Used in conjunction with other data to determine possible locations of marine minerals.
  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?
    Date: 2022 (process 1 of 4)
    Global-scale oceanographic and geologic spatial datasets were compiled and visually overlaid to determine regions meeting all the known criteria for ferromanganese crust formation (hard rock substrate on seamounts, low sedimentation rate), and abyssal ferromanganese nodule formation (flat and sediment-covered basins, low sedimentation rate, low to moderate primary productivity, depths below the carbonate compensation depth, seafloor lithology). Data sources used in this process:
    • GEBCO
    • Chloro
    • Seafloor seds
    • sed thick
    • MEDUSA
    Data sources produced in this process:
    • Surface
    Date: 2022 (process 2 of 4)
    Marine geologic samples were compiled to cross references with areas identified in initial step. Data sources used in this process:
    • IMLGS
    • ODP
    • IODP
    • DSDP
    Data sources produced in this process:
    • Samples
    Date: 2022 (process 3 of 4)
    Regions that met all the formation criteria for ferromanganese crusts, and separately, ferromanganese nodules, and contained confirmed crust and nodule samples, were outlined by hand to create prospective region shapes. Data sources used in this process:
    • Surface
    • Samples
    Data sources produced in this process:
    • Maps
    Date: 2024 (process 4 of 4)
    Prospective region shapes were converted to a set of shapefiles in ArcGIS software for each region type, crust, nodule or both for use in applications such as maps, modeling, or other. Shapefiles are determined at basin scale and as a result some shapefiles include features above the sea surface to which source datasets were not applied. Areas were further refined using the highest resolution available bathymetric data based on the geomorphology of the seafloor. Data sources used in this process:
    • Maps
    • NOAA DEM
  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

  1. How well have the observations been checked?
    No formal attribute accuracy tests were conducted.
  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
    A formal accuracy assessment of the horizontal positional information in the data set has not been conducted. Locations are based on consideration of global scale maps showing overlapping criteria listed in process steps.
  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
    Data set is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details. Prospective indicates that a region is consistent with the geologic and oceanographic criteria required to potentially host marine minerals. This does not mean that a region hosts marine minerals, and it does not indicate that the marine minerals occurring in that region will be economically viable. Regions not meeting the criteria for prospective designation are not included here. These regional outlines are intended to provide baseline information regarding where marine minerals may occur.
  5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
    No additional checks for consistency were performed on this data.

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
Access_Constraints None
Use_Constraints USGS-authored or produced data and information are in the public domain from the U.S. Government and are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize and acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator(s) of the dataset and in products derived from these data. This information is not intended for navigation purposes.
  1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)
    U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase
    Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302
    Denver, CO

    1-888-275-8747 (voice)
    sciencebase@usgs.gov
  2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set? These data are available in shapefile format (Global_Prospective_Ferromanganese_regions_WGS84.shp and associated files) contained in a single zip file (Global_Prospective_Ferromanganese_regions_WGS84.shp.zip) accompanied by CSDGM FGDC-compliant metadata and browse graphic.
  3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
    Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty.
  4. How can I download or order the data?
  5. What hardware or software do I need in order to use the data set?
    data can be viewed with most GIS software packages.

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:
Last modified: 24-Sep-2024
Metadata author:
U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
Attn: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator
2885 Mission Street
Santa Cruz, CA

831-427-4747 (voice)
pcmsc_data@usgs.gov
Metadata standard:
Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)
This page is <https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/catalog/pcmsc/DataReleases/ScienceBase/DR_P13R3J6J/Global_Propsective_Ferromanganese_Regions.faq.html>
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