Isabelle M. Shapiro Kira Mizell James Hein Amy Gartman 20260122 comma-delimited text data release doi:10.5066/P13VZZEY Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, California U.S. Geological Survey https://doi.org/10.5066/P13VZZEY Isabelle M. Shapiro Kira Mizell James R. Hein Amy Gartman 2026 data release DOI:10.5066/P13VZZEY Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, CA U.S. Geological Survey Suggested Citation: Shapiro, I.M., Mizell, K., Hein, J.R., and Gartman, A., 2026, Geochemistry and x-ray diffraction data for hydrothermal manganese oxide rocks from the Samoa hotspot region in the South Pacific Ocean collected during research expedition KM0506: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P13VZZEY. https://doi.org/10.5066/P13VZZEY Hydrothermal manganese oxide rocks were collected via dredge from the Tulaga Seamount, the flank of Ofu Island, and from Soso seamount in the Samoa hotspot region offshore American Samoa during the KM0506 cruise aboard the R/V Kilo Moana in April of 2005. Rocks were subsampled at USGS and analyzed for mineralogy by x-ray diffraction. Powder x-ray diffraction data for the hydrothermal samples are provided here. Location information (longitude, latitude, and depth) for each sample is included in each Attribute Definition of this metadata file as well is in the co-released geochemistry data table. We acknowledge the National Science Foundation for funding cruise KM0506 during which these rocks were collected (Grant OCE-0351437). These data serve to expand the knowledge and statistics for deep ocean seabed mineral occurrences and their composition throughout the global ocean. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. 20050404 20250403 Date that the samples were collected through last process step was completed Complete None planned -170.24 -169.434 -13.768 -14.392 ISO 19115 Topic Category oceans geoscientificInformation Data Categories for Marine Planning Nonliving Resources Material Resources Mineral Resources Physical/Chemical Features USGS Thesaurus dredge sampling X-ray diffraction metallic mineral resources marine geology Marine Realms Information Bank (MRIB) keywords mineralogy mineral resources marine geology None U.S. Geological Survey USGS Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program CMHRP Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center PCMSC Global Ocean Mineral Resources mineralogical analysis USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:680ab34cd4be0258eebab6ba Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) Pacific Ocean Territory of American Samoa Ofu Island No access constraints USGS-authored or produced data and information are in the public domain from the U.S. Government and are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize and acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator of the dataset and in products derived from these data. U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center PCMSC Science Data Coordinator mailing and physical

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Santa Cruz CA 95060 831-427-4747 pcmsc_data@usgs.gov Mac OS Ventura 13.7.4, Microsoft Excel 16.95.4 for Mac X-ray diffraction data were tested for accuracy by intermittently analyzing a powdered quartz reference sample to verify the one hundred intensity peak at 26.6 degree two-theta. When the quartz peak was in the proper position, we infer that other measured peak positions in the sample are accurate. Peak intensities are considered semiquantitative since no quantitative standards were analyzed for this dataset. No formal logical accuracy tests were conducted. Dataset is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details. A formal accuracy assessment of the horizontal positional information in the dataset has not been conducted. The horizontal accuracy was determined with the ship's GPS navigation, which is accurate to less than 5 m. The singular value for water depth for each sample was calculated from shipboard dredge log records to account for ship-based depth soundings, the length of dredge wire out, movement by the ship, approximate seamount slope, and multiple bites of the dredge along each dredge track in order to maximize location accuracy. A formal accuracy assessment of the vertical positional information in the dataset has not been conducted. Rock samples were collected via dredge on R/V Kilo Moana from Samoa hotspot region and shipped to USGS scientists by mail after returning to shore. 20050405 At the USGS Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Marine Minerals Lab, bulk portions, individual layers, or other parts of rock samples were subsampled using a ceramic knife and then ground using an agate mortar and pestle to approximately 75 micrometer fineness. 20060201 Powdered samples were backloaded and tamped into sample holders and run in a Panalytical X Pert3 x-ray diffractometer (XRD; https://www.malvernpanalytical.com/) with CuK-alpha radiation and graphite monochromator. Measurements were taken with a step size of 0.02 degrees two-theta between 5 degrees and 70 degrees two-theta and power of 40 kilovolts and 45 milliamps. 20060215 Results from the diffraction analyses were combined into a comma-delimited text values document (KM0506_hydorthemal_Mn_XRD_data.csv). 20250403 Point Point 3350 0.001 0.001 Decimal degrees D_WGS_1984 WGS_1984 6378137.0 298.257222101 KM0506_hydorthemal_Mn_XRD_data.csv Comma-delimited file containing results from x-ray diffraction analyses of hydrothermal manganese oxide rocks. Location information for the samples are included in each Attribute Definition of this metadata file. The header for each column of diffraction data is a sample name, which follows the scheme of dredge number, followed by a dash, followed by the rock number and subsample letter. Producer defined Pos_2theta The two-theta angle at which the x-ray diffractometer measured the X-ray diffraction of the powdered sample instrument defined 4.01 70.99 degrees 0.01 107-24A X-ray diffraction intensity value at the two-theta angle listed in the corresponding row in the Position attribute. The location for sample 107-24A is 14.201 S, 169.434 W, and 2489 m water depth. The layer interval is 0-4 mm. producer defined 64 1197.16 counts 0.01 107-24B X-ray diffraction intensity value at the two-theta angle listed in the corresponding row in the Position attribute. The location for sample 107-24B is 14.201 S, 169.434 W, and 2489 m water depth. The layer interval is 4-5 mm. producer defined 86.49 1797.76 counts 0.01 107-24C X-ray diffraction intensity value at the two-theta angle listed in the corresponding row in the Position attribute. The location for sample 107-24C is 14.201 S, 169.434 W, and 2489 m water depth. The layer interval is 5-9 mm. producer defined 68.89 1608.01 counts 0.01 107-24D X-ray diffraction intensity value at the two-theta angle listed in the corresponding row in the Position attribute. The location for sample 107-24D is 14.201 S, 169.434 W, and 2489 m water depth. The layer interval is 9-14 mm. producer defined 94.09 1892.25 counts 0.01 107-25A X-ray diffraction intensity value at the two-theta angle listed in the corresponding row in the Position attribute. The location for sample 107-25A is 14.201 S, 169.434 W, and 2489 m water depth. The layer depth interval is 0-22 mm. producer defined 62.41 2070.25 counts 0.01 107-25B X-ray diffraction intensity value at the two-theta angle listed in the corresponding row in the Position attribute. The location for sample 107-25B is 14.201 S, 169.434 W, and 2489 m water depth. The layer depth interval is 3-11 mm. producer defined 88.36 6288.49 counts 0.01 107-25C X-ray diffraction intensity value at the two-theta angle listed in the corresponding row in the Position attribute. The location for sample 107-25C is 14.201 S, 169.434 W, and 2489 m water depth. The layer depth interval is 1-3 mm and 3-11 mm. producer defined 70.56 2034.01 counts 0.01 109-12A X-ray diffraction intensity value at the two-theta angle listed in the corresponding row in the Position attribute. The location for sample 109-12A is 14.392 S, 170.017 W, and 2695 m water depth. The layer depth interval is 0-20 mm. producer defined 54.76 1211.04 counts 0.01 109-12B X-ray diffraction intensity value at the two-theta angle listed in the corresponding row in the Position attribute. The location for sample 109-12B is 14.392 S, 170.017 W, and 2695 m water depth. The layer depth interval is 20-40 mm. producer defined 79.21 1789.29 counts 0.01 109-12C X-ray diffraction intensity value at the two-theta angle listed in the corresponding row in the Position attribute. The location for sample 109-12C is 14.392 S, 170.017 W, and 2695 m water depth. The layer depth interval is 40-48 mm. producer defined 57.76 1814.76 counts 0.01 109-12D X-ray diffraction intensity value at the two-theta angle listed in the corresponding row in the Position attribute. The location for sample 109-12D is 14.392 S, 170.017 W, and 2695 m water depth. The layer depth interval is 40-48 mm. producer defined 39.69 1608.01 counts 0.01 109-13A X-ray diffraction intensity value at the two-theta angle listed in the corresponding row in the Position attribute. The location for sample 109-13A is 14.392 S, 170.017 W, and 2695 m water depth. This is a scrape sample, which was collected by scraping manganese coating from various sections of the rock. producer defined 59.29 1849.00 counts 0.01 109-13B X-ray diffraction intensity value at the two-theta angle listed in the corresponding row in the Position attribute. The location for sample 109-13B is 14.392 S, 170.017 W, and 2695 m water depth. This is a scrape sample, which was collected by scraping manganese coating from various sections of the rock. producer defined 65.61 1451.61 counts 0.01 109-14A X-ray diffraction intensity value at the two-theta angle listed in the corresponding row in the Position attribute. The location for sample 109-14A is 14.392 S, 170.017 W, and 2695 m water depth. The layer depth interval is 0-2 mm. producer defined 70.56 1722.25 counts 0.01 109-14B X-ray diffraction intensity value at the two-theta angle listed in the corresponding row in the Position attribute. The location for sample 109-14B is 14.392 S, 170.017 W, and 2695 m water depth. The layer depth interval is 2-10 mm. producer defined 88.36 2070.25 counts 0.01 109-14C X-ray diffraction intensity value at the two-theta angle listed in the corresponding row in the Position attribute. The location for sample 109-14C is 14.392 S, 170.017 W, and 2695 m water depth. The layer depth interval is 10-45 mm. producer defined 62.41 1640.25 counts 0.01 109-15A X-ray diffraction intensity value at the two-theta angle listed in the corresponding row in the Position attribute. The location for sample 109-15A is 14.392 S, 170.017 W, and 2695 m water depth. The layer depth interval is 0-3 mm. producer defined 53.29 1840.41 counts 0.01 109-15B X-ray diffraction intensity value at the two-theta angle listed in the corresponding row in the Position attribute. The location for sample 109-15B is 14.392 S, 170.017 W, and 2695 m water depth. The layer depth interval is 3-43 mm. producer defined 43.56 1451.61 counts 0.01 109-15C X-ray diffraction intensity value at the two-theta angle listed in the corresponding row in the Position attribute. The location for sample 109-15C is 14.392 S, 170.017 W, and 2695 m water depth. The layer depth interval is 43-70 mm. producer defined 54.76 1513.21 counts 0.01 109-16A X-ray diffraction intensity value at the two-theta angle listed in the corresponding row in the Position attribute. The location for sample 109-16A is 14.392 S, 170.017 W, and 2695 m water depth. The layer depth interval is 0-1 mm. producer defined 59.29 1849.00 counts 0.01 109-16B X-ray diffraction intensity value at the two-theta angle listed in the corresponding row in the Position attribute. The location for sample 109-16B is 14.392 S, 170.017 W, and 2695 m water depth. The layer depth interval is 1-20 mm. producer defined 30.25 1444.00 counts 0.01 109-16C X-ray diffraction intensity value at the two-theta angle listed in the corresponding row in the Position attribute. The location for sample 109-16C is 14.392 S, 170.017 W, and 2695 m water depth. The layer depth interval is 20-35 mm. producer defined 62.41 2034.01 counts 0.01 109-17A X-ray diffraction intensity value at the two-theta angle listed in the corresponding row in the Position attribute. The location for sample 109-17A is 14.392 S, 170.017 W, and 2695 m water depth. The layer depth interval is 0-1 mm. producer defined 77.44 2025.00 counts 0.01 109-17B X-ray diffraction intensity value at the two-theta angle listed in the corresponding row in the Position attribute. The location for sample 109-17B is 14.392 S, 170.017 W, and 2695 m water depth. The layer depth interval is 1-20 mm. producer defined 62.41 1656.49 counts 0.01 109-17C X-ray diffraction intensity value at the two-theta angle listed in the corresponding row in the Position attribute. The location for sample 109-17C is 14.392 S, 170.017 W, and 2695 m water depth. The layer depth interval is 20-55 mm. producer defined 54.76 1149.21 counts 0.01 109-17D X-ray diffraction intensity value at the two-theta angle listed in the corresponding row in the Position attribute. The location for sample 109-17D is 14.392 S, 170.017 W, and 2695 m water depth. The layer depth interval is 55-75 mm. producer defined 59.29 1918.44 counts 0.01 109-18A X-ray diffraction intensity value at the two-theta angle listed in the corresponding row in the Position attribute. The location for sample 109-18A is 14.392 S, 170.017 W, and 2695 m water depth. The layer depth interval is 0-25 mm. producer defined 43.56 1747.24 counts 0.01 109-18B X-ray diffraction intensity value at the two-theta angle listed in the corresponding row in the Position attribute. The location for sample 109-18B is 14.392 S, 170.017 W, and 2695 m water depth. The layer depth interval is 25-55 mm. producer defined 40.96 1747.24 counts 0.01 110-35A X-ray diffraction intensity value at the two-theta angle listed in the corresponding row in the Position attribute. The location for sample 110-35A is 13.768 S, 170.24 W, and 1588 m water depth. This is a vein sample, which is a subsample of material within a rock sample. producer defined 70.56 1789.29 counts 0.01 110-35B X-ray diffraction intensity value at the two-theta angle listed in the corresponding row in the Position attribute. The location for sample 110-35B is 13.768 S, 170.24 W, and 1588 m water depth. This is a sample of a green altered rock. producer defined 44.89 1705.69 counts 0.01 The first line of the csv file is a header line. U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center PCMSC Science Data Coordinator mailing and physical

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Santa Cruz CA 95060 831-427-4747 pcmsc_data@usgs.gov These data are available in .csv format contained in a single file. Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. comma-delimited text Microsoft Excel 16.16.17 for Mac File contains table in .csv format No compression applied 0.6979 https://doi.org/10.5066/P13VZZEY Data can be downloaded using the Network_Resource_Name link and selecting the specific Child Items title page. None. These data can be viewed with Microsoft Excel or any text reader. 20260122 U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center PCMSC Science Data Coordinator mailing and physical

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Santa Cruz CA 95060 831-427-4747 pcmsc_data@usgs.gov Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998