Hope L. Ianiri Pamela L. Campbell Nancy G. Prouty 20250218 comma-delimited text data release DOI:10.5066/P13XVXQC Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, California U.S. Geological Survey https://doi.org/10.5066/P13XVXQC Hope L. Ianiri Nancy G. Prouty Pamela L. Campbell Amy Gartman Katlin B. Adamczyk Jaycee J. Favela 2025 data release DOI:10.5066/P13XVXQC Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, CA U.S. Geological Survey Suggested Citation: Ianiri, H.L., Prouty, N.G., Campbell, P.L., Gartman, A., Adamczyk, K.B., and Favela, J.J., 2025, Sedimentary organic geochemistry data from Escanaba Trough, off the coast of northern California, collected May-June 2022: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P13XVXQC. https://doi.org/10.5066/P13XVXQC Lipid biomarkers, including n-alkanes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and sterols, were measured on sediments from the Escanaba Trough, a hydrothermal spreading center off the coast of Northern CA. Data were obtained to assess organic carbon storage, reactivity, and cycling within sediments of the Escanaba Trough, a hydrothermal spreading center which contains critical minerals. This work aids our understanding of the geochemistry of marine mineral host sediments and hydrothermal vent processes throughout the global ocean. Additional information about the field activity or activities from which these data were derived is available online at: https:// https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2022-621-FA Escanaba Trough: Exploring the Seafloor and Oceanic Footprints is an interagency effort involving the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the U.S. Geological Survey, and the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management. Funding is acknowledged from NOAA Ocean Exploration via its Ocean Exploration Fiscal Year 2019 Funding Opportunity and through the National Oceanographic Partnership Program (NOPP), from the USGS Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Enhanced Funding Opportunities, and from the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management through Interagency Agreement M19PG00021 with the United States Geological Survey. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. 20220531 20220611 Ground condition at time data were collected. Complete None planned -127.53618710 -127.44714953 41.08222461 40.69569198 ISO 19115 Topic Category environment oceans geoscientificInformation Data Categories for Marine Planning Nonliving resources Mineral resources Physical/Chemical features Substrate USGS Thesaurus push coring subsampling geochemistry marine geology gas chromatography mass spectroscopy biomarkers Marine Realms Information Bank (MRIB) keywords petroleum resources carbon cycle seep and vent ecosystems chemical analysis sediment geochemistry None U.S. Geological Survey USGS Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program CMHRP Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center PCMSC USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:6696dc47d34ecb78f609f726 Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) Pacific Ocean NGA GEOnet Names Server (GNS) Escanaba Trough No access constraints USGS-authored or produced data and information are in the public domain from the U.S. Government and are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize and acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator(s) of the dataset and in products derived from these data. U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center PCMSC Science Data Coordinator mailing and physical

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Santa Cruz CA 95060 831-427-4747 pcmsc_data@usgs.gov Geochemical data are tabulated in comma separated variable (CSV) format. Hope L. Ianiri Pamela L. Campbell Amy Gartman Nancy G. Prouty 2025 Ianiri, H.L., Campbell, P., Gartman, A., and Prouty, N.G., 2025, Characterizing sedimentary organic carbon in a hydrothermal spreading center, the Escanaba Trough: Chemical Geology, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2025.122679. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2025.122679 J. L. Morton Robert A. Zierenberg Carol A. Reiss 1994 Morton, J.L., Zierenberg, R.A., Reiss, C.A., 1994. Geologic, hydrothermal, and biologic studies at Escanaba Trough: an introduction, in: Geologic, Hydrothermal, and Biologic Studies at Escanaba Trough, Gorda Ridge, Offshore Northern California. U.S. Geological Survey. David. A. Clague Robert A. Zierenberg Jennifer B. Paduan David W. Caress Brian L. Cousens Brian M. Dreyer Alice S. Davis James McClain Stephanie L. Ross 2022 Clague, D.A., Zierenberg, R.A., Paduan, J.B., Caress, D.W., Cousens, B.L., Dreyer, B.M., Davis, A.S., McClain, J., Ross, S.L., 2022. Emplacement and impacts of lava flows and intrusions on the sediment-buried Escanaba Segment of the Gorda mid-ocean ridge. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 432, 107701. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0377027322002323 E. G. Bligh E. J. Dyer 1959 Bligh E. G., Dyer E. J., 1959. A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification. Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology, 37 (8). https://doi.org/10.1139/o59-099 Nancy G. Prouty Pamela L. Campbell Hilary G. Close Jennifer F. Biddle Sabrina Beckmann 2020 Prouty N. G., Campbell P. L., Close H. G., Biddle J. F., Beckmann S., 2020. Molecular indicators of methane metabolisms at cold seeps along the United States Atlantic Margin. Chemical Geology, 543, 119603. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S000925412030142X Surrogate standards and an internal standard were used for validation, recoveries, and quantification of biomarker concentrations. No formal logical accuracy tests were conducted. Dataset is considered complete for the information presented as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details. The horizontal accuracy for each sample was obtained from the ROV's Ultra Short Baseline Positioning System (USBL) navigation after calibration to the CASIUS (Calibration of Attitude Sensors In USBL Systems) calibration system. Accuracy for this depth is approximately 10- 20 m. The vertical accuracy was determined using multiple DVLs (Doppler Velocity Loggers) on the ROV, which are accurate to less than 1 m. SEDIMENT COLLECTION. Samples were collected aboard the R/V Thomas Thompson via push coring using the ROV Jason. Once recovered shipboard, pore waters were extracted via rhizon samplers, cores were subsectioned into one to five cm slices, the exterior sediment which was in contact with the core liner was removed, and remaining sediment was stored frozen in pre-combusted glass jars. 20220611 SEDIMENT BIOMARKER CONCENTRATIONS (N-ALKANES, PAHS AND STEROLS): The biomarker composition of sediment samples was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC MS) at the USGS Organic Geochemistry laboratory in Santa Cruz, California. The samples were extracted using a modified version of the method presented in Bligh and Dyer (1959). Two bed volumes of hexanes were added to each sample and samples were mixed, sonicated for 15 minutes (min), then centrifuged for five min at 2000 revolutions per min. The supernatant was piped to a combusted Turbovap flask. This process was repeated two more times with hexanes and three times with 9:1 DCM:MeOH, combining the supernatant from each sample. Prior to extraction, internal standards were added (5-alpha-androstane and 5-alpha-androstan-3-beta-ol). The lipid extracts were passed though glass funnels containing sodium sulfate to remove excess water, followed by separation into compound classes by silica gel column chromatography (silica gel 60) as described in Prouty and others (2020). The following fractions were eluted: F1: alkanes (100 percent hexane eluant); F2: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (50 percent hexane, 50 percent toluene eluant); F3a: alcohols and sterols (20 percent ethyl acetate, 80 percent hexane eluant); F3b: fatty acids and glycosidic polar lipids (40 percent ethyl acetate, 60 percent hexane); F4: phosphatic polar lipids (100 percent methanol eluant). F3a was converted to trimethylsiloxyl derivatives by addition of bis (trimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA with 10 percent TMCS) and pyridine, then heated at 70 degrees Celsius for 1 h prior to GC MS analysis. Extracts were analyzed by splitless injection onto an Agilent 8890 gas chromatograph interfaced to an Agilent 7000D triple quad mass spectrometer. To measure n-alkanes, the gas chromatograph oven program began at 90 degrees Celsius for 5 min, increased to 240 degrees Celsius at a rate of 4 degrees Celsius/min, held for 5 min, then increased to a final temperature of 300 degrees Celsius at a rate of 10 degrees Celsius/min and held for 18 min. To measure PAHs, the oven program begam at 90 degrees Celsius, held for 5 min, increased to 240 degrees Celsius at a rate of 8 degrees Celsius/min, held for 5 min, then increased to a final temperature of 300 degrees Celsius at a rate of 8 degrees Celsius/min which was held for 18 min. To measure sterols, the oven program began at 100 degrees Celsius, held for 4 min, and increased to a final temperature of 315 degrees Celsius at 4 degrees Celsius/min, which was held for 5 min. The capillary column (Agilent DB-5MS: 30 m length x 0.25 mm interior diameter with a 0.025 micron phase thickness) was directly interfaced to the ion source of the mass spectrometer. Hexane instrument blanks, extraction blanks, and procedural sample duplicates were run and analyzed every 10 samples. Compound identification was through individual standard spectra, published reference spectra, and by relative retention times/elution order. Concentrations of individual lipids were determined based on peak area in relation to internal and external standards. 20230525 point point 12 0.00000001 0.0000001 Decimal degrees D_WGS_1984 WGS84 6378137.0000 298.2572 EscanabaTrough_lipids.csv Table of lipid biomarker data. producer defined Cruise_ID Lists the alphanumeric cruise identifier for the expedition during which the sample was collected. producer defined TN403 Cruise identification affiliated with Field Activity 2022-621-FA producer defined Sample_ID Name of sample producer defined The sample names include a dive number (J2, denoting Jason2, followed by a number), push core number (PC, denoting push core, followed by a number) and the sediment depth horizon (X-Y). Latitude Latitude of sample in decimal degrees producer defined 40.69572818 41.08224004 decimal degrees 0.00000001 Longitude Longitude of sample in decimal degrees producer defined -127.5282233 -127.4470967 decimal degrees 0.0000001 Water_depth_m Water depth in meters at which the sample was collected. producer defined 3223 3235 meters 1 Location Location where the sample was collected producer defined Central Hill Text descriptor of sampling site as defined in the literature Morton and others (1994), Clague and others (2022) Edifice Rex East Text descriptor of sampling site as defined in the literature Morton and others (1994), Clague and others (2022) SESCA S3A Text descriptor of sampling site as defined in the literature Morton and others (1994), Clague and others (2022) sediment_depth_top_cm top depth of core subsample. Ex: a sediment core slice from 0-1 cm would have a top depth of 0 centimeters and a bottom depth of 1 centimeter. producer defined 0 18 centimeters 1 sediment_depth_bottom_cm bottom depth of core subsample. Ex: a sediment core slice from 0-1 cm would have a top depth of 0 centimeters and a bottom depth of 1 centimeter. producer defined 1 20 centimeters 1 C15_nalkane_ug_gOC Concentration of pentadecane (C15 n-alkane). -9999 indicates peak below detection limit. producer defined 0.5 25.5 micrograms per gram organic carbon. 0.1 C16_nalkane_ug_gOC Concentration of hexadecane (C16 n-alkane). -9999 indicates peak below detection limit. producer defined 0.6 53.2 micrograms per gram organic carbon. 0.1 C17_nalkane_ug_gOC Concentration of heptadecane (C17 n-alkane). producer defined 0.9 88.6 micrograms per gram organic carbon. 0.1 C18_nalkane_ug_gOC Concentration of octadecane (C18 n-alkane). producer defined 1.6 106.8 micrograms per gram organic carbon. 0.1 C19_nalkane_ug_gOC Concentration of nonadecane (C19 n-alkane). producer defined 2.3 116.3 micrograms per gram organic carbon. 0.1 C20_nalkane_ug_gOC Concentration of eicosane (C20 n-alkane). producer defined 3.4 149.3 micrograms per gram organic carbon. 0.1 C21_nalkane_ug_gOC Concentration of heneicosane (C21 n-alkane). producer defined 4.1 150.8 micrograms per gram organic carbon. 0.1 C22_nalkane_ug_gOC Concentration of docosane (C22 n-alkane). producer defined 4.9 183.1 micrograms per gram organic carbon. 0.1 C23_nalkane_ug_gOC Concentration of tricosane (C23 n-alkane). producer defined 5.4 168.4 micrograms per gram organic carbon. 0.1 C24_nalkane_ug_gOC Concentration of tetracosane (C24 n-alkane). producer defined 4.9 199.8 micrograms per gram organic carbon. 0.1 C25_nalkane_ug_gOC Concentration of pentacosane (C25 n-alkane). producer defined 6.1 157.8 micrograms per gram organic carbon. 0.01 C26_nalkane_ug_gOC Concentration of hexacosane (C26 n-alkane). producer defined 5.6 184.5 micrograms per gram organic carbon. 0.01 C27_nalkane_ug_gOC Concentration of heptacosane (C27 n-alkane). producer defined 7.9 177.7 micrograms per gram organic carbon. 0.1 C28_nalkane_ug_gOC Concentration of octacosane (C28 n-alkane). producer defined 5.5 200.4 micrograms per gram organic carbon. 0.1 C29_nalkane_ug_gOC Concentration of nonacosane (C29 n-alkane). producer defined 9.6 199.3 micrograms per gram organic carbon. 0.1 C30_nalkane_ug_gOC Concentration of triacontane (C30 n-alkane). producer defined 4.4 252.1 micrograms per gram organic carbon. 0.1 C31_nalkane_ug_gOC Concentration of hentriacontane (C31 n-alkane). producer defined 7.2 228.8 micrograms per gram organic carbon. 0.1 C32_nalkane_ug_gOC Concentration of dotriacontane (C32 n-alkane). producer defined 2.6 224.8 micrograms per gram organic carbon. 0.1 C33_nalkane_ug_gOC Concentration of tritriacontane (C33 n-alkane). producer defined 6.9 197.5 micrograms per gram organic carbon. 0.1 C34_nalkane_ug_gOC Concentration of tetratriacontane (C34 n-alkane). producer defined 2.7 181.4 micrograms per gram organic carbon. 0.1 C35_nalkane_ug_gOC Concentration of pentatriacontane (C35 n-alkane). producer defined 1.6 108.0 micrograms per gram organic carbon. 0.1 C36_nalkane_ug_gOC Concentration of hexatriacontane (C36 n-alkane). -9999 indicates peak below detection limit. producer defined 1.4 169.7 micrograms per gram organic carbon. 0.1 C37_nalkane_ug_gOC Concentration of heptatriacontane (C37 n-alkane). -9999 indicates peak below detection limit. producer defined 2.1 238.1 micrograms per gram organic carbon. 0.1 phytane_ug_gOC Concentration of phytane. producer defined 0.8 90.4 micrograms per gram organic carbon. 0.1 pristane_ug_gOC Concentration of pristane. producer defined 1.0 81.8 micrograms per gram organic carbon. 0.1 anthracene_ug_gOC Concentration of anthracene. -9999 indicates peak below detection limit. producer defined 1.5 3.4 micrograms per gram organic carbon. 0.1 benz(a)anthracene_ug_gOC Concentration of benz(a)anthracene. -9999 indicates peak below detection limit. producer defined 3.8 395.9 micrograms per gram organic carbon. 0.1 benzo(a)pyrene_ug_gOC Concentration of benzo(a)pyrene. -9999 indicates peak below detection limit. producer defined 6.1 288.5 micrograms per gram organic carbon. 0.1 benzo(b)fluoranthene_ug_gOC Concentration of benzo(b)fluoranthene. -9999 indicates peak below detection limit. producer defined 1.9 153.7 micrograms per gram organic carbon. 0.1 benzo(g,h,i)perylene_ug_gOC Concentration of benzo(g,h,i)perylene. producer defined 6.2 1888.9 micrograms per gram organic carbon. 0.1 benzo(k)fluoranthene_ug_gOC Concentration of benzo(k)fluoranthene. producer defined 5.8 924.6 micrograms per gram organic carbon. 0.1 chrysene_ug_gOC Concentration of chrysene. -9999 indicates peak below detection limit. producer defined 2.2 6.0 micrograms per gram organic carbon. 0.1 dibenz(a,h)anthracene_ug_gOC Concentration of dibenz(a,h)anthracene. -9999 indicates peak below detection limit. producer defined 6.6 9.2 micrograms per gram organic carbon. 0.1 fluoranthrene_ug_gOC Concentration of fluoranthrene. -9999 indicates peak below detection limit. producer defined 2.9 373.1 micrograms per gram organic carbon. 0.1 fluorene_ug_gOC Concentration of fluorene. -9999 indicates peak below detection limit. producer defined 2.9 119.6 micrograms per gram organic carbon. 0.1 indeno(1,2,3-c,d)pyrene_ug_gOC Concentration of indeno(1,2,3-c,d)pyrene. producer defined 6.2 968.0 micrograms per gram organic carbon. 0.1 naphthalene_ug_gOC Concentration of naphthalene. -9999 indicates peak below detection limit. producer defined -9999 -9999 micrograms per gram organic carbon. phenanthrene_ug_gOC Concentration of phenanthrene. producer defined 3.9 589.8 micrograms per gram organic carbon. 0.1 pyrene_ug_gOC Concentration of pyrene. producer defined 4.3 2591.3 micrograms per gram organic carbon. 0.1 cholesterol_ug_gOC Concentration of cholesterol. producer defined 3.0 120.3 micrograms per gram organic carbon. 0.1 brassicasterol_ug_gOC Concentration of brassicasterol. -9999 indicates peak below detection limit. producer defined 0.2 5.0 micrograms per gram organic carbon. 0.1 campesterol_ug_gOC Concentration of campesterol. -9999 indicates peak below detection limit. producer defined 0.4 3.0 micrograms per gram organic carbon. 0.1 stigmasterol_ug_gOC Concentration of stigmasterol. -9999 indicates peak below detection limit. producer defined 0.3 4.1 micrograms per gram organic carbon. 0.1 beta-sitosterol_ug_gOC Concentration of beta-sitosterol. producer defined 0.8 6.4 micrograms per gram organic carbon. 0.1 The first line of the csv file is a header line. U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase mailing and physical

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Denver CO 80225 1-888-275-8747 sciencebase@usgs.gov These data are available in a single csv file (EscanabaTrough_lipids.csv). Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. comma-delimited text Microsoft Excel Version 2308 Build 16731.20716 Click-to-Run csv file No compression applied 0.0472 https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/6696dc47d34ecb78f609f726 https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/6696dc47d34ecb78f609f726 https://doi.org/10.5066/P13XVXQC Data and metadata can be downloaded using the Network_Resource_Name links. The first link is a direct link to download a zipped file of data and metadata. The second link points to a landing page with metadata and data. The third link points to the landing page for the entire data release. None. These data can be viewed with Microsoft Excel or any text reading software. 20250218 U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center PCMSC Science Data Coordinator mailing and physical

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Santa Cruz CA 95060 831-427-4747 pcmsc_data@usgs.gov Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998