Grain size analysis and total carbon content of augered sediment samples from Barter Island, Alaska

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What does this data set describe?

1. How might this data set be cited?
   Oberle, Ferdinand K.J., Johnson, Cordell D., Lorenson, Thomas D., Tan, Angela C., and Richmond, Bruce M., 20260424, Grain size analysis and total carbon content of augered sediment samples from Barter Island, Alaska: data release DOI:10.5066/P14FZKEF, U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, California.

   Online Links:

   • https://doi.org/10.5066/P14FZKEF

   Other_Citation_Details:

   Suggested Citation: Oberle, F.K.J., Johnson, C., Lorenson, T.D., Tan, A.C., Richmond, B.M., 2026, Grain size analysis and total carbon content of augered sediment samples from Barter Island, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P14FZKEF.

2. What geographic area does the data set cover?

   West_Bounding_Coordinate: -143.689379
   East_Bounding_Coordinate: -143.648714
   North_Bounding_Coordinate: 70.133852
   South_Bounding_Coordinate: 70.131969
   

3. What does it look like?

   https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/69e1403ab66b01441bb3aa46?name=Augering 2 BI052016.jpg&allowOpen=true (JPEG)

   Push core sediment collection with a remotely operated vehicle.

4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?

   Beginning_Date: 25-May-2016

   Ending_Date: 07-Sep-2019

   Currentness_Reference:

   Ground condition at time data were collected

5. What is the general form of this data set?

   Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: comma-delimited text
   

6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
   1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
      This is a Point data set. It contains the following vector data types (SDTS terminology):
      • Point (56)
   2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
      Horizontal positions are specified in geographic coordinates, that is, latitude and longitude. Latitudes are given to the nearest 0.0001. Longitudes are given to the nearest 0.0001. Latitude and longitude values are specified in Decimal degrees. The horizontal datum used is D_WGS_1984.
      The ellipsoid used is WGS_1984.
      The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378137.0.
      The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/298.257222101.
      
7. How does the data set describe geographic features?

   Barter_Island_GrainSize_and_Carbon.csv

   Comma-delimited file containing results from grain size and total carbon analysis of sediment samples at the latitude, longitude, and water depth of each sample location. The value -9999 indicates that data are not available. (Source: Producer defined)

   Sample_ID

   The sample ID for each sample (Source: Producer defined) Sample IDs for augered samples. Sample identifiers are formatted as BGM [Bear Gulch Main] or BI-X [Barter Island], where X represents the [borehole identification], followed by [depth in meters]. For example, BGM 1.0m is [Bearh Gulch Main at a depth of 1.0m]. Duplicate analyses are indicated by "duplicate" appended to the Sample ID.

   Subsample_Depth_Interval

   The subsample depth interval for each sample in meters (Source: producer defined) The sampling depth range measured in meters below the surface. For example, the value 4.5-4.6 indicates that a sediment sample was collected representing the sediment between 4.5-4.6 meters depth below the surface.

   Latitude Datum_WGS_1984

   Latitude at which sample was collected (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	70.13210000
   Maximum:	70.13341997
   Units:	decimal degrees
   Resolution:	.00000001

   Longitude Datum_WGS_1984

   Longitude at which sample was collected (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	-143.68689
   Maximum:	-143.65251
   Units:	decimal degrees
   Resolution:	.00001

   Date_Collected

   Date sediment samples were collected in field in month/day/year format. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	5/25/2016
   Maximum:	09/07/2019
   Units:	mm/dd/yyyy
   Resolution:	1

   -4.00phi_16mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than -4.00 phi, or 16 mm and less than the floor of the next largest diameter bin. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	.00
   Maximum:	36.59
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	.01

   -3.75phi_13.5mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than -3.75 phi, or 13.5 mm and less than the floor of the next largest diameter bin. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	.00
   Maximum:	.00
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	.01

   -3.50phi_11.2mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than -3.50 phi, or 11.2 mm and less than the floor of the next largest diameter bin. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	.00
   Maximum:	7.64
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	.01

   -3.25phi_9.51mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than -3.25 phi, or 9.51 mm and less than the floor of the next largest diameter bin. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	.00
   Maximum:	5.03
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	.01

   -3.00phi_8mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than -3.00 phi, or 8 mm and less than the floor of the next largest diameter bin. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	.00
   Maximum:	4.65
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	.01

   -2.75phi_6.73mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than -2.75 phi, or 6.73 mm and less than the floor of the next largest diameter bin. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	.00
   Maximum:	6.76
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	.01

   -2.50phi_5.66mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than -2.50 phi, or 5.66 mm and less than the floor of the next largest diameter bin. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	.00
   Maximum:	3.28
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	.01

   -2.25phi_4.76mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than -2.25 phi, or 4.76 mm and less than the floor of the next largest diameter bin. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	.00
   Maximum:	4.36
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	.01

   -2.00phi_4mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than -2.00 phi, or 4 mm and less than the floor of the next largest diameter bin. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	.00
   Maximum:	4.92
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	.01

   -1.75phi_3.36mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than -1.75 phi, or 3.36 mm and less than the floor of the next largest diameter bin. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	.00
   Maximum:	4.95
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	.01

   -1.50phi_2.83mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than -1.50 phi, or 2.83 mm and less than the floor of the next largest diameter bin. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	.00
   Maximum:	1.82
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	.01

   -1.25phi_2.38mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than -1.25 phi, or 2.38 mm and less than the floor of the next largest diameter bin. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	.00
   Maximum:	1.70
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	.01

   -1.00phi_2mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than -1.00 phi, or 2 mm and less than the floor of the next largest diameter bin. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	.00
   Maximum:	1.31
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	.01

   -0.75phi_1.68mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than -0.75 phi, or 1.68 mm and less than the floor of the next largest diameter bin. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	.00
   Maximum:	1.12
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	.01

   -0.50phi_1.41mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than -0.50 phi, or 1.41 mm and less than the floor of the next largest diameter bin. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	.00
   Maximum:	1.30
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	.01

   -0.25phi_1.19mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than -0.25 phi, or 1.19 mm and less than the floor of the next largest diameter bin. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	.00
   Maximum:	1.49
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	.01

   0.00phi_1mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than 0.00 phi, or 1 mm and less than the floor of the next largest diameter bin. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	.00
   Maximum:	2.76
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	.01

   0.25phi_0.8409mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than 0.25 phi, or 0.8409 mm and less than the floor of the next largest diameter bin. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	.00
   Maximum:	4.86
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	.01

   0.50phi_0.7071mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than 0.50 phi, or 0.7071 mm and less than the floor of the next largest diameter bin. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	.00
   Maximum:	7.16
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	.01

   0.75phi_0.5946mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than 0.75 phi, or 0.5946 mm and less than the floor of the next largest diameter bin. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	.00
   Maximum:	9.22
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	.01

   1.00phi_0.5mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than 1.00 phi, or 0.5 mm and less than the floor of the next largest diameter bin. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	.00
   Maximum:	10.27
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	.01

   1.25phi_0.4204mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than 1.25 phi, or 0.4204 mm and less than the floor of the next largest diameter bin. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	.00
   Maximum:	9.54
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	.01

   1.50phi_0.3536mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than 1.50 phi, or 0.3536 mm and less than the floor of the next largest diameter bin. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	.00
   Maximum:	10.04
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	.01

   1.75phi_0.2973mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than 1.75 phi, or 0.2973 mm and less than the floor of the next largest diameter bin. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	.00
   Maximum:	10.73
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	.01

   2.00phi_0.25mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than 2.00 phi, or 0.25 mm and less than the floor of the next largest diameter bin. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	.00
   Maximum:	9.96
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	.01

   2.25phi_0.2102mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than 2.25 phi, or 0.2102 mm and less than the floor of the next largest diameter bin. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	.01
   Maximum:	8.72
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	.01

   2.50phi_0.1768mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than 2.50 phi, or 0.1768 mm and less than the floor of the next largest diameter bin. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	.02
   Maximum:	8.37
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	.01

   2.75phi_0.1487mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than 2.75 phi, or 0.1487 mm and less than the floor of the next largest diameter bin. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	.06
   Maximum:	8.95
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	.01

   3.00phi_0.125mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than 3.00 phi, or 0.125 mm and less than the floor of the next largest diameter bin. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	.12
   Maximum:	8.66
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	.01

   3.25phi_0.1051mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than 3.25 phi, or 0.1051 mm and less than the floor of the next largest diameter bin. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	.14
   Maximum:	7.99
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	.01

   3.50phi_0.088388mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than 3.50 phi, or 0.088388 mm and less than the floor of the next largest diameter bin. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	.21
   Maximum:	7.45
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	.01

   3.75phi_0.074325mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than 3.75 phi, or 0.074325 mm and less than the floor of the next largest diameter bin. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	.40
   Maximum:	7.87
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	.01

   4.00phi_0.0625mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than 4.00 phi, or 0.0625 mm and less than the floor of the next largest diameter bin. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	.39
   Maximum:	7.27
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	.01

   4.25phi_0.052556mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than 4.25 phi, or 0.052556 mm and less than the floor of the next largest diameter bin. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	.18
   Maximum:	5.87
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	.01

   4.50phi_0.044194mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than 4.50 phi, or 0.044194 mm and less than the floor of the next largest diameter bin. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	.09
   Maximum:	4.60
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	.01

   4.75phi_0.037163mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than 4.75 phi, or 0.037163 mm and less than the floor of the next largest diameter bin. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	.06
   Maximum:	4.38
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	.01

   5.00phi_0.03125mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than 5.00 phi, or 0.03125 mm and less than the floor of the next largest diameter bin. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	.07
   Maximum:	4.20
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	.01

   5.25phi_0.026278mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than 5.25 phi, or 0.026278 mm and less than the floor of the next largest diameter bin. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	.17
   Maximum:	4.15
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	.01

   5.50phi_0.022097mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than 5.50 phi, or 0.022097 mm and less than the floor of the next largest diameter bin. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	.45
   Maximum:	4.43
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	.01

   5.75phi_0.018581mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than 5.75 phi, or 0.018581 mm and less than the floor of the next largest diameter bin. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	.41
   Maximum:	4.61
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	.01

   6.00phi_0.015625mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than 6.00 phi, or 0.015625 mm and less than the floor of the next largest diameter bin. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	.40
   Maximum:	4.89
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	.01

   6.25phi_0.013139mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than 6.25 phi, or 0.013139 mm and less than the floor of the next largest diameter bin. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	.44
   Maximum:	5.37
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	.01

   6.50phi_0.011049mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than 6.50 phi, or 0.011049 mm and less than the floor of the next largest diameter bin. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0.49
   Maximum:	5.64
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	.01

   6.75phi_0.009291mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than 6.75 phi, or 0.009291 mm. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	.52
   Maximum:	5.65
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	.01

   7.00phi_0.007813mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than 7.00 phi, or 0.007813 mm and less than the floor of the next largest diameter bin. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	.54
   Maximum:	5.47
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	.01

   7.25phi_0.00657mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than 7.25 phi, or 0.00657 mm and less than the floor of the next largest diameter bin. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	.53
   Maximum:	5.20
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	.01

   7.50phi_0.005524mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than 7.50 phi, or 0.005524 mm and less than the floor of the next largest diameter bin. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	.50
   Maximum:	5.15
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	.01

   7.75phi_0.004645mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than 7.75 phi, or 0.004645 mm and less than the floor of the next largest diameter bin. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	.46
   Maximum:	4.92
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	.01

   8.00phi_0.003906mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than 8.00 phi, or 0.003906 mm and less than the floor of the next largest diameter bin. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	.42
   Maximum:	4.81
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	.01

   8.25phi_0.003285mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than 8.25 phi, or 0.003285 mm and less than the floor of the next largest diameter bin. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	.39
   Maximum:	4.62
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	.01

   8.50phi_0.002762mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than 8.50 phi, or 0.002762 mm and less than the floor of the next largest diameter bin. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0.34
   Maximum:	4.25
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	.01

   8.75phi_0.002323mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than 8.75 phi, or 0.002323 mm and less than the floor of the next largest diameter bin. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	.32
   Maximum:	3.97
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	.01

   9.00phi_0.001953mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than 9.00 phi, or 0.001953 mm and less than the floor of the next largest diameter bin. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	.31
   Maximum:	3.69
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	.01

   9.25phi_0.001642mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than 9.25 phi, or 0.001642 mm and less than the floor of the next largest diameter bin. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	.30
   Maximum:	3.41
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	.01

   9.50phi_0.001381mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than 9.50 phi, or 0.001381 mm and less than the floor of the next largest diameter bin. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	.30
   Maximum:	3.32
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	.01

   9.75phi_0.001161mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than 9.75 phi, or 0.001161 mm and less than the floor of the next largest diameter bin. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	.29
   Maximum:	3.27
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	.01

   9.99phi_0.000983mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than 9.99 phi, or 0.000983 mm and less than the floor of the next largest diameter bin. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	.26
   Maximum:	3.04
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	.01

   10.25phi_0.000821mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than 10.25 phi, or 0.000821 mm and less than the floor of the next largest diameter bin. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	.24
   Maximum:	2.97
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	.01

   10.50phi_0.000691mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than 10.50 phi, or 0.000691 mm and less than the floor of the next largest diameter bin. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	.19
   Maximum:	2.50
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	.01

   10.75phi_0.000581mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than 10.75 phi, or 0.000581 mm and less than the floor of the next largest diameter bin. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	.16
   Maximum:	2.03
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	.01

   10.99phi_0.000492mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than 10.99 phi, or 0.000492 mm and less than the floor of the next largest diameter bin. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	.11
   Maximum:	1.42
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	.01

   11.25phi_0.000411mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than 11.25 phi, or 0.000411 mm and less than the floor of the next largest diameter bin. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	.06
   Maximum:	.81
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	.01

   11.48phi_0.00035mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than 11.48 phi, or 0.00035 mm and less than the floor of the next largest diameter bin. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	.01
   Maximum:	.19
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	.01

   12.02phi_0.000241mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than 12.02 phi, or 0.000241 mm and less than the floor of the next largest diameter bin. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	.00
   Maximum:	.00
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	.01

   13.02phi_0.00012mm

   Weight percent of sample with grain diameter greater than 13.02 phi, or 0.00012 mm and less than the floor of the next largest diameter bin. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	.00
   Maximum:	.00
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	.01

   Percent_Gravel

   Percent of sample greater than 2 mm (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	.00
   Maximum:	47.94
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	.01

   Percent_Sand

   Percent of sample less than 2 mm and greater than 63 microns (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	1.70
   Maximum:	80.26
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	.01

   Percent_Silt

   Percent of sample less than 63 microns and greater than 4 microns (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	7.68
   Maximum:	67.62
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	.01

   Percent_Clay

   Percent of sample less than 4 microns (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	3.29
   Maximum:	38.46
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	.01

   Percent_Mud

   Percent of sample less than 63 microns (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	10.97
   Maximum:	98.30
   Units:	percent
   Resolution:	.01

   Total_carbon_percent

   Average value of duplicate analyses of total carbon content (TC). The value -9999 indicates that data are not available. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	.17
   Maximum:	25.42
   Units:	weight percent
   Resolution:	.01

   Total_organic_carbon_percent

   Average value of duplicate analyses of total organic carbon content (TOC). The value -9999 indicates that data are not available. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	.01
   Maximum:	25.42
   Units:	weight percent
   Resolution:	.01

   Total_inorganic_carbon_percent

   Average value of duplicate analyses of total inorganic carbon content (TIC). The value -9999 indicates that data are not available. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	.00
   Maximum:	1.66
   Units:	weight percent
   Resolution:	.01

   Calcium_carbonate_percent

   Calcium carbonate calculated as percent total inorganic carbon * 8.333. The value -9999 indicates that data are not available. (Source: producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	.00
   Maximum:	13.82
   Units:	weight percent
   Resolution:	.01

   Mean_Grain_Size_in_millimeter

   mean grain size in millimeter (Source: Producer defined)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0.0061
   Maximum:	1.1396
   Units:	millimeter
   Resolution:	0.0001

   Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:

   The data table is formatted in a single comma-separated values file Barter_Island_GrainSize_and_Carbon.csv. The first line of the csv file is a header line.

   Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: U.S. Geological Survey
   

Who produced the data set?

1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
   • Ferdinand K.J. Oberle
   • Cordell D. Johnson
   • Thomas D. Lorenson
   • Angela C. Tan
   • Bruce M. Richmond
2. Who also contributed to the data set?
   Work was funded by the U.S. Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Hazards Program.
3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
   U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center

   Attn: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator

   2885 Mission Street

   Santa Cruz, CA
   

   831-427-4747 (voice)

   pcmsc_data@usgs.gov

Why was the data set created?

How was the data set created?

1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?

   Date: 07-Sep-2019 (process 1 of 6)

   Sediment samples were collected from permafrost coastal bluff locations from Barter Island, Alaska using a Skidril GD16EF 2-cycle gas-powered hammer drill fitted with an AMS 5/8 inch threaded flighted auger kit. Samples were obtained at 0.5 m intervals from the surface to a maximum depth of 8 meters or less. Sediment auger sampling locations were recorded using a handheld Garmin GPSMAP 76CS receiver using differential correction.

   Date: 06-Oct-2019 (process 2 of 6)

   In the USGS Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center (PCMSC) Core Preparation and Analysis Laboratory, subsamples were collected from the field samples. Person who carried out this activity:
   

   Ferdinand Oberle

   USGS

   Research Geologist

   2885 Mission Street

   Santa Cruz, CA
   

   831-460-7589 (voice)

   foberle@usgs.gov

   Date: 08-Oct-2019 (process 3 of 6)

   Grain-size analysis was conducted by the USGS Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center (PCMSC) Sediment Lab Suite and Carbon Analysis Laboratory using a Beckman Coulter LS 13 320 particle size analyzer with an aqueous liquid module attachment. PCMSC procedures are modified from those described in Carver (1971) and Folk (1974, 1980). 5-50 grams of sediment was sub-sampled and at least 10 milliliters of 30 percent hydrogen peroxide was added to oxidize overnight to remove organics. The samples were then heated to 250 degrees Celsius to drive off excess hydrogen peroxide. Next, samples were placed in an ultrasonic bath to help disperse silt and clay (mud) from sand and larger-sized particles. Samples were then rinsed twice in deionized water with centrifugation to remove soluble ions. Subsequently, the samples were wet sieved with 1 millimeter and 0.063 millimeter sieves to segregate the combined gravel and coarse sand fraction (greater than 1 millimeter), sand (1 millimeter to 0.063 millimeter), and mud (less than 0.063 millimeter). The coarse sand + gravel fractions were then dried, dry sieved at 1/4phi intervals and weighed (Carver, 1971). The sand fraction was dried and weighed. The mud fraction was collected in a 1 liter graduated cylinder, 5 milliliters of at least 10 percent sodium hexametaphosphate (dispersant) was added, and deionized water was added to bring the total the volume to 1 liter. The mud + dispersant solution sat overnight to ensure complete dispersion and to observe if flocculation occurred. Subsequently, a 20 milliliter aliquot was extracted from the graduated cylinder and dried to obtain the mud fraction weight normalized to a 1-liter basis. The mud and sand fractions were analyzed separately via the Beckman Coulter LS 13 320 with the aqueous liquid module attachment. All size fraction data were compiled and converted by the PCMSC Sediment Lab Suite and Carbon Analysis Laboratory pcSDSZ program version 1.71 (Penscil, 2015) to a grain-size distribution at 1/4phi size intervals on a weight percent basis. pcSDSZ also calculated interpolated sizes and graphical statistics on a percent coarser basis (Folk and Ward, 1957; Folk, 1966; Folk, 1974, 1980; Inman, 1952; Trask, 1930, 1932) and moment measures (Collias and others, 1963; Jaquet and Vernet, 1976; Folk 1980). Person who carried out this activity:
   

   Angela Tan

   USGS

   Physical Scientist

   2885 Mission Street

   Santa Cruz, CA
   

   831-460-7409 (voice)

   atan@usgs.gov

   Date: 08-Oct-2019 (process 4 of 6)

   Grain sizes at select cumulative percentage values (D) were calculated by the USGS Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center (PCMSC) Sediment Lab Suite and Carbon Analysis Laboratory software pcSDSZ version 1.71 on a percent coarser basis, which summed from coarse to fine bins. D values were interpolated between phi bins bracketing the specified D value. Grain sizes were converted into units of millimeters (mm) using the formula mm=reciprocal of 2(exponent)phi or (phi=-log2(mm)). Interpolated grain sizes at D5, D10, D16, D25, D50, D75, D84, D90, and D95 are reported in phi and millimeter units. Person who carried out this activity:
   

   Angela Tan

   USGS

   Physical Scientist

   2885 Mission Street

   Santa Cruz, CA
   

   831-460-7409 (voice)

   atan@usgs.gov

   Date: 08-Oct-2019 (process 5 of 6)

   Total carbon and total inorganic carbon of bulk sediment were determined coulometrically (UIC, Inc.) at the USGS Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center (PCMSC) Sediment Lab Suite and Carbon Analysis Laboratory. Samples were run in duplicate. Coulometer performance was verified relative to a calcium carbonate reference material. Total organic carbon content (TOC) was calculated as the difference between total carbon and total inorganic carbon. Calcium carbonate was calculated as percent TIC * 8.333. Person who carried out this activity:
   

   Angela Tan

   USGS

   Physical Scientist

   2885 Mission Street

   Santa Cruz, CA
   

   831-460-7409 (voice)

   atan@usgs.gov

   Date: 15-Apr-2026 (process 6 of 6)

   Results from all analyses and core location information were combined into a single comma-delimited text value document (Barter_Island_GrainSize_and_Carbon.csv). Person who carried out this activity:
   

   Ferdinand K.J. Oberle

   USGS

   Research Geologist

   2885 Mission Street

   Santa Cruz, CA
   

   831-460-7589 (voice)

   foberle@usgs.gov

3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?
   Beckman-Coulter, 2011, Instructions for Use: LS 13 320 Laser Diffraction Particle Size Analyzer.

   Online Links:

   • https://www.beckmancoulter.com/wsrportal/techdocs?docname=b05577ab.pdf

   Other_Citation_Details:

   Beckman-Coulter, 2011, Instructions for Use: LS 13 320 Laser Diffraction Particle Size Analyzer: Brea, Calif., Beckman-Coulter, 246 p.

   Carver, Robert E., 1971, Procedures in Sedimentary Petrology.

   Online Links:

   • https://tamug-ir.tdl.org/handle/1969.3/21450

   Other_Citation_Details:

   Carver, R.E., 1971, Procedures in Sedimentary Petrology: Wiley Interscience, New York: 49-94.

   Collias, E. E., Rona, M. R., McManus, D. A., and Creager, J. S., 1963, Machine Processing of Geological Data.

   Online Links:

   • https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/AD0423746.pdf

   Other_Citation_Details:

   Collias, E.E., Rona, M.R., McManus, D.A., and Creager, J.S., 1963, Machine processing of geological data: Department of Oceanography, University of Washington, Technical Report No. 87, 119 p.

   Folk, Robert Louis, 1974, Petrology of Sedimentary Rocks.

   Online Links:

   • https://tamug-ir.tdl.org/handle/1969.3/21435

   Other_Citation_Details:

   Folk, R.L., 1974, Petrology of Sedimentary Rocks: Hemphill Publishing Co., Austin, TX, 182 p.

   Folk, Robert Louis, 1980, Petrology of Sedimentary Rocks.

   Online Links:

   • https://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/bitstream/handle/2152/22930/folkpetrology.pdf?sequence=3

   Other_Citation_Details:

   Folk, R.L., 1980, Petrology of Sedimentary Rocks: Hemphill Publishing Co., Austin, TX, 184 p.

   Folk, Robert Louis, 1966, A review of grain-size parameters.

   Online Links:

   • https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.1966.tb01572.x

   Other_Citation_Details:

   Folk, R.L.,1966, A review of grain-size parameters: Sedimentology, 6, 73-93.

   Folk, Robert Louis, and Ward, William C., 1957, Brazos River bar; a study in the significance of grain size parameters.

   Online Links:

   • https://doi.org/10.1306/74D70646-2B21-11D7-8648000102C1865D

   Other_Citation_Details:

   Folk, R.L., and Ward, W.C., 1957, Brazos River bar; a study in the significance of grain size parameters: Journal of Sedimentary Research, 27, 3-26.

   Inman, Douglas Lamar, 1952, Measures for describing the size distribution of sediments.

   Online Links:

   • https://doi.org/10.1306/D42694DB-2B26-11D7-8648000102C1865D

   Other_Citation_Details:

   Inman, D.L., 1952, Measures for describing the size distribution of sediments: Journal of Sedimentary Research, 22, 125-145.

   Jaquet, J.M., and Vernet, J.P., 1976, Moment and graphic size parameters in sediments of Lake Geneva (Switzerland).

   Online Links:

   • https://doi.org/10.1306/212F6F46-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D

   Other_Citation_Details:

   Jaquet J.M., and Vernet J.P., 1976, Moment and graphic size parameters in sediments of Lake Geneva (Switzerland): Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 46, 305-312.

   Inc., Penscil, 2015, pcSDSZ: Sediment Size Analysis Software for Windows Operation Manual Version 2.00, prepared for USGS Coastal and Marine Geology.

   Other_Citation_Details:

   Penscil Inc., 2015, pcSDSZ: Sediment Size Analysis Software for Windows Operation Manual Version 2.00, prepared for USGS Coastal and Marine Geology. Unpublished document.

   Trask, Parker D., 1930, Mechanical analyses of sediments by centrifuge.

   Online Links:

   • https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.25.6.581

   Other_Citation_Details:

   Trask, P.D., 1930, Mechanical analyses of sediments by centrifuge: Economic Geology, 25, p. 581-599.

   Trask, Parker D., 1932, Origin and environment of source sediments of petroleum.

   Online Links:

   • https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-the-marine-biological-association-of-the-united-kingdom/article/abs/origin-and-environment-of-source-sediments-of-petroleum-by-d-trask-parker-assisted-by-harold-e-hammar-and-c-c-wu-gulf-publishing-co-houston-texas-323-pp-1932/E4212BACC9A798808CC166A1DE4CF691#article

   Other_Citation_Details:

   Trask, P. D., 1932, Origin and environment of source sediments of petroleum: Gulf Publishing Company, Houston, Texas. 323 p.

   Inc., UIC, 2022, Operation Manual Model CM5017 CO2 Coulometer.

   Other_Citation_Details:

   UIC Inc., Operation Manual Model CM5017 CO2 Coulometer, Joliet, IL, 2.0, 28-30.

   Inc., UIC, 2022, Operation Manual Model CM5200 Autosampler Furnace.

   Other_Citation_Details:

   UIC Inc., Operation Manual Model CM5200 Autosampler Furnace, Joliet, IL, 2.4, 13 p.

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

1. How well have the observations been checked?
   For grain-size analyses, annual service tests and daily calibrations with reference standards ensured that the Beckman Coulter LS 13 320 operated within specifications (Beckman-Coulter, 2011). Each sample was analyzed three times by the instrument and the data were averaged. In addition, a lab procedural duplicate was run with each batch of samples to ensure consistency and values were within 15 percent. For total carbon and total inorganic carbon analyses, duplicates were run for each sample and the results were averaged. PCMSC ensured that the instrument was within specifications by running blanks and pure, reagent-grade calcium carbonate standard before and after every 10 samples. A lab procedural duplicate was run with each batch of samples to ensure consistency and values were within 15 percent. The value -9999 indicates that data are not available.
2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
   Point locations were collected with a handheld Garmin GPSMAP 76CS receiver using differential correction. According to manufacturer specifications, positional accuracy with differential correction is typically 3 to 5 meters at 95 percent confidence using United States Coast Guard differential correction, and less than 3 meters at 95 percent confidence using Wide Area Augmentation System correction.
3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
   No formal positional accuracy tests were conducted. Sampling depth below the ground surface was determined by summing the inserted lengths of the auger drill bit and the successive extension rods advanced during ground penetration.
4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
   Dataset is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details.
5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
   Data values are within the expected value range.

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)
   
   U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase

   Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302

   Denver, CO
   

   1-888-275-8747 (voice)

   sciencebase@usgs.gov
2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set? These data are available in .csv format contained in a single file accompanied by CSDGM FGDC-compliant metadata.
3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
   Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty.
4. How can I download or order the data?
   • Availability in digital form:

     Data format:	File contains table in .csv format in format comma-delimited text (version Microsoft Excel 16.16.17 for Mac) Size: 0.02129
     Network links:	https://doi.org/10.5066/P14FZKEF

   • Cost to order the data: None.

5. What hardware or software do I need in order to use the data set?
   These data can be viewed with Microsoft Excel or any text reader.

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:

Last modified: 24-Apr-2026

Metadata author:

U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center

Attn: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator

2885 Mission Street

Santa Cruz, CA

831-427-4747 (voice)

pcmsc_data@usgs.gov

Metadata standard:

Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)