Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Robert T. McCall Originator: Curt D. Storlazzi Originator: Floortje E. Roelvink Originator: Stuart G. Pearson Originator: Roel de Goede Originator: Jose A.A. Antolinez Publication_Date: 20240925 Title: BEWARE2 database: A meta-process model to assess wave-driven flooding hazards on morphologically diverse, coral reef-lined coasts Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: NetCDF Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/P16VX5EP Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, California Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Other_Citation_Details: Suggested Citation: McCall, R.T., Storlazzi, C.D., Roelvink, F.E., Pearson, S.G., de Goede, R., Antolinez, J., 2024, BEWARE2 database: A meta-process model to assess wave-driven flooding hazards on morphologically diverse, coral reef-lined coasts: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P16VX5EP. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P16VX5EP Online_Linkage: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/66c4c1fcd34e03388288f885 Description: Abstract: This dataset contains the reef profiles and resulting hydrodynamic outputs of the "Broad-range Estimator of Wave Attack in Reef Environments" (BEWARE-2) meta-process modeling system. A process-based, wave-resolving hydrodynamic model (XBeach Non-Hydrostatic+, "XBNH+") was used to create a large synthetic database for use in BEWARE-2, relating incident hydrodynamics and coral reef geomorphology to coastal flooding hazards on reef-lined coasts. Building on previous work, BEWARE-2 improves system understanding of reef hydrodynamics by examining the intrinsic reef and extrinsic forcing factors controlling runup and flooding on reef-lined coasts. We developed this meta-process model using a training dataset of hydrodynamics and wave runup computed by XBNH+ for 440 combinations of water level, wave height, and wave period on 195 morphologically diverse representative reef profiles. In validation, the BEWARE-2 modeling system produced runup results that had a root-mean square error of 0.63 m and bias of 0.26 m, relative to runup of 0.17 to 20.9 m simulated by XBNH+ for a large range of oceanographic forcing conditions and for a diverse reef morphologies. This relatively accurate solution is provided by the BEWARE-2 modeling system 4 to 5 orders of magnitude faster than the full, process-based hydrodynamic model and could therefore be integrated in large-scale early-warning systems for tropical, reef-lined coasts, as well as used for large-scale flood risk assessments. These data accompany the following publication: McCall, R.T., Storlazzi, C.D., Roelvink, F.E., Pearson, S.G., de Goede, R., Antolinez, J., 2024, Rapid simulation of wave runup on morphologically-diverse, reef-lined coasts with the BEWARE-2 meta-process model: Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2024-28. Purpose: Low-lying tropical coasts fronted by coral reefs are threatened by the effects of climate change, sea-level rise, and flooding caused by waves. However, the reefs on these coasts differ widely in their shape, size, and physical characteristics; the wave and water level conditions affecting these coastlines also vary in space and time. These factors make it difficult to predict flooding caused by waves along coral reef-lined coasts. We created a system ("BEWARE-2") that estimates how combinations of different wave, water level, and reef morphologies can lead to coastal flooding. This tool tells us what information is needed to make good predictions of flooding. BEWARE-2 can be used to make short-term predictions of flooding in early warning systems, or long-term predictions of how climate change will affect wave-driven flooding on coral reef-lined coasts. Supplemental_Information: Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2024 Currentness_Reference: publication date Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -180.00000000 East_Bounding_Coordinate: 180.00000000 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 90.00000000 South_Bounding_Coordinate: -90.00000000 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation Theme_Keyword: oceans Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Data Categories for Marine Planning Theme_Keyword: water column features Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: hazards Theme_Keyword: coastal processes Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Marine Realms Information Bank (MRIB) Keywords Theme_Keyword: coral reefs Theme_Keyword: reef Theme_Keyword: waves Theme_Keyword: flooding Theme_Keyword: coastal processes Theme_Keyword: numerical modeling Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: water level Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey Theme_Keyword: USGS Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Geology Program Theme_Keyword: CMGP Theme_Keyword: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Theme_Keyword: PCMSC Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier Theme_Keyword: USGS:66c4c1fcd34e03388288f885 Access_Constraints: No access constraints Use_Constraints: USGS-authored or produced data and information are in the public domain from the U.S. Government and are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize and acknowledge Deltares, the U.S. Geological Survey, and TU Delft as the originators of the dataset and in products derived from these data. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 2885 Mission Street City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95060 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-427-4747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pcmsc_data@usgs.gov Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Robert T. McCall Originator: Curt D. Storlazzi Originator: Floortje E. Roelvink Originator: Stuart G. Pearson Originator: Roel de Goede Originator: Jose A.A. Antolinez Publication_Date: 2024 Title: Rapid simulation of wave runup on morphologically-diverse, reef-lined coasts with the BEWARE-2 meta-process model Issue: Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2024-28 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Gottingen, Germany Publisher: Copernicus GmbH Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2024-28 Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: In validation, the BEWARE-2 modeling system produced runup results that had a root-mean square error of 0.63 m and bias of 0.26 m, relative to runup of 0.17 to 20.9 m simulated by XBNH+ for a large range of oceanographic forcing conditions and for a diverse reef morphologies. See McCall and others (2024) for an in-depth discussion of accuracy. Logical_Consistency_Report: No formal logical accuracy tests were conducted. See McCall and others (2024) for additional information. Completeness_Report: Dataset is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: No formal positional accuracy tests were conducted, nor are they applicable Vertical_Positional_Accuracy: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: No formal positional accuracy tests were conducted, nor are they applicable Lineage: Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: S. G. Pearson Originator: C. D. Storlazzi Originator: A. R. van Dongeren Originator: M. F. S. Tissier Originator: A. J. H. M. Reniers Publication_Date: 2017 Title: A Bayesian-Based System to Assess Wave-Driven Flooding Hazards on Coral Reef-Lined Coasts Publication_Information: Publication_Place: online Publisher: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JC013204 Type_of_Source_Media: journal article Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2017 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Pearson and others, 2017 Source_Contribution: reef profiles and some hydrodynamic response data Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: F. Scott Originator: J. A. A. Antolinez Originator: R. T. McCall1 Originator: C. D. Storlazzi Originator: A. Reniers4 Originator: S. G. Pearson Publication_Date: 2020 Title: Hydro-Morphological Characterization of Coral Reefs for Wave Runup Prediction Publication_Information: Publication_Place: online Publisher: Frontiers in Marine Science Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.00361 Type_of_Source_Media: journal article Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2020 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Scott and others, 2020 Source_Contribution: reef profiles and some hydrodynamic response data Process_Step: Process_Description: The following steps were used in development of the model. For an in-depth discussion of processing, see McCall and others (2024). 1. Selection of representative reef profiles (RRPs) for development of the BEWARE-2 dataset. 2. Simulate nearshore hydrodynamics on the RRPs for varying ocean forcing conditions using the validated process-based wave and water level XBeach Non-Hydrostatic+ ("XBHN+") model to create a synthetic database of wave runup response for each RRP. 3. Develop a meta-process model using the BEWARE-2 dataset to mimic the wave runup predictions of the XBNH+ numerical model. 4. Validate the BEWARE-2 meta-process model by comparing predictions to numerical model results for a broad range of real-world reef profiles. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Pearson and others, 2017 Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Scott and others, 2020 Process_Date: 2024 Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Indirect_Spatial_Reference: Data were generated within a numerical model scheme. The model results presented are not for a particular geographic area. Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: NetCDF files are self-contained, and attribute information may be found in the header of the file itself. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: The entity and attribute information was generated by the individual and/or agency identified as the originator of the data set. Please review the rest of the metadata record for additional details and information. Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address: Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302 City: Denver State_or_Province: CO Postal_Code: 80225 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1-888-275-8747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: sciencebase@usgs.gov Resource_Description: Downloadable data in NetCDF format. Distribution_Liability: Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: NetCDF Format_Version_Number: 1.0 Format_Information_Content: NetCDF file contains BEWARE-2 RRP and wave runup database. File_Decompression_Technique: No compression applied Transfer_Size: 5.42 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P16VX5EP Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/66c4c1fcd34e03388288f885 Access_Instructions: Data can be downloaded using the Network_Resource_Name links. The first link is a direct link to download the zipped file of data and metadata. The second link points to a landing page with metadata and data. Fees: None. Technical_Prerequisites: These data can be viewed with any software that reads netCDF files (such as Mathworks MATLAB, Python, Panoply). Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20240925 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Person: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 2885 Mission Street City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95060 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-427-4747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pcmsc_data@usgs.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998