X-ray diffraction data for the 0-2 cm horizons of marine sediment cores and a mineral concretion near waste barrels in the San Pedro Basin of the Southern California Borderland

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Frequently anticipated questions:

What does this data set describe?

Title:
X-ray diffraction data for the 0-2 cm horizons of marine sediment cores and a mineral concretion near waste barrels in the San Pedro Basin of the Southern California Borderland
Abstract:
Marine sediment push cores and one mineral concretion were collected near waste barrels in the San Pedro Basin of the Southern California Borderland in the Pacific Ocean using a remotely operated vehicle during the Schmidt Ocean Institute research cruise FK210726 onboard the R/V Falkor in 2021. Dried sediment samples of the 0-2 centimeter horizon of the cores and the mineral concretion were prepared at the USGS Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center for powder x-ray diffraction analyses, and x-ray diffraction scan data are provided here. Location information (latitude, longitude, depth) for each sample are provided in each Attribute Definition of this metadata file. The x-ray diffraction work was funded by the U.S Geological Survey Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center and ship time was funded by NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration and Research (grant number NA19OAR110305).
Supplemental_Information:
Additional information about the field activities from which these data were derived is available online at:
https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2021-637-FA
Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
  1. How might this data set be cited?
    Mizell, Kira, and Shapiro, Isabelle M., 20250618, X-ray diffraction data for the 0-2 cm horizons of marine sediment cores and a mineral concretion near waste barrels in the San Pedro Basin of the Southern California Borderland: data release DOI: 10.5066/P1PZ48WA, U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, California.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details:
    Suggested Citation: Mizell, K. and Shapiro, I.M., 2025, X-ray diffraction data for the 0-2 cm horizons of marine sediment cores and a mineral concretion near waste barrels in the San Pedro Basin of the Southern California Borderland: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P1PZ48WA.
  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?
    West_Bounding_Coordinate: -122.112342
    East_Bounding_Coordinate: -117.200932
    North_Bounding_Coordinate: 33.761558
    South_Bounding_Coordinate: 32.248276
  3. What does it look like?
  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?
    Beginning_Date: 26-Jul-2021
    Ending_Date: 15-Feb-2025
    Currentness_Reference:
    ground condition at the time data were collected
  5. What is the general form of this data set?
    Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: comma-delimited text
  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
    1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
      This is a Point data set. It contains the following vector data types (SDTS terminology):
      • Point (3823)
    2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
      Horizontal positions are specified in geographic coordinates, that is, latitude and longitude. Latitudes are given to the nearest 0.00000001. Longitudes are given to the nearest 0.0000001. Latitude and longitude values are specified in Decimal degrees. The horizontal datum used is D_WGS_1984.
      The ellipsoid used is WGS_1984.
      The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378137.0.
      The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/298.257222356.
  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?
    FK210726_SCB_barrel_sediment_XRD_data.csv
    Comma-delimited file containing results from x-ray diffraction analyses of the 0-2 cm horizon of marine sediment core samples and one mineral concretion. Location information for the samples are included in each Attribute Definition of this metadata file and not the data table. The header for each column of diffraction data is a sample name. The sediment sample names follow the scheme of SCB, indicating Southern California Borderland, followed by a hyphen, followed by the push core ID and sediment horizon ID, which is represented by a combination of numbers and letters. The mineral concretion sample is simply labeled as such. (Source: Producer defined)
    Position_2theta
    The two-theta angle at which the x-ray diffractometer measured the X-ray diffraction of the powdered sample (Source: instrument defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:5.0084
    Maximum:69.9824
    Units:degrees
    Resolution:0.0001
    SCB-274bA
    X-ray diffraction intensity value at the two-theta angle listed in the corresponding row in the Position attribute. The location for sample SCB-274bA is 33.57358835, -118.4360591 and 900.61 m water depth. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:17.4747
    Maximum:879.738
    Units:counts
    Resolution:0.0001
    SCB-290cA
    X-ray diffraction intensity value at the two-theta angle listed in the corresponding row in the Position attribute. The location for sample SCB-290cA is 33.56600101, -118.4242769 and 901.13 m water depth. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:16.5936
    Maximum:922.0925
    Units:counts
    Resolution:0.0001
    SCB-292bA
    X-ray diffraction intensity value at the two-theta angle listed in the corresponding row in the Position attribute. The location for sample SCB-292bA is 33.56605059, -118.4242526 and 901.02 m water depth. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:19.5928
    Maximum:733.6876
    Units:counts
    Resolution:0.0001
    SCB-298cA
    X-ray diffraction intensity value at the two-theta angle listed in the corresponding row in the Position attribute. The location for sample SCB-298cA is 33.56610603, -118.425657 and 901.29 m water depth. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:20.4561
    Maximum:779.6876
    Units:counts
    Resolution:0.0001
    SCB-300bA
    X-ray diffraction intensity value at the two-theta angle listed in the corresponding row in the Position attribute. The location for sample SCB-300bA is 33.56610595, -118.425668 and 901.28 m water depth. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:18.8807
    Maximum:736.5314
    Units:counts
    Resolution:0.0001
    SCB-308cA
    X-ray diffraction intensity value at the two-theta angle listed in the corresponding row in the Position attribute. The location for sample SCB-308cA is 33.56608822, -118.4269999 and 901.41 m water depth. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:15.2360
    Maximum:903.9075
    Units:counts
    Resolution:0.0001
    SCB-310bA
    X-ray diffraction intensity value at the two-theta angle listed in the corresponding row in the Position attribute. The location for sample SCB-310bA is 33.56608617, -118.4269759 and 901.4 m water depth. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:20.6746
    Maximum:746.6000
    Units:counts
    Resolution:0.0001
    Barrel_3S_Mineral_Concretion
    X-ray diffraction intensity value at the two-theta angle listed in the corresponding row in the Position attribute. The location for sample Barrel_3S_Mineral_Concretion is 33.56608617, -118.4269759 and 901.4 m water depth. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:21.3740
    Maximum:1421.6797
    Units:counts
    Resolution:0.0001
    Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: The first line of the csv file is a header line.
    Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: U.S. Geological Survey

Who produced the data set?

  1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
    • Kira Mizell
    • Isabelle M. Shapiro
  2. Who also contributed to the data set?
  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
    U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
    Attn: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator
    2885 Mission Street
    Santa Cruz, CA

    831-427-4747 (voice)
    pcmsc_data@usgs.gov

Why was the data set created?

These data serve to expand the knowledge of seafloor sediments offshore Southern California in regions where waste dumping has occurred.

How was the data set created?

  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
    FK210726 cruise data (source 1 of 1)
    Levin, Lisa, 2021, Event Logs from ROV SuBastian Dives conducted during R/V Falkor expedition FK210726 (2021).

    Online Links:

    Type_of_Source_Media: Marine Geoscience Data System
    Source_Contribution: Latitude, longitude, and depth information for FK210726 samples
  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?
    Date: 05-Aug-2021 (process 1 of 7)
    Push core samples and one mineral concretion sample were collected near waste barrels in San Pedro Basin of the Southern California Borderland in the Pacific Ocean onboard the R/V Falkor between July 26, 2021, and August 5, 2021, during the FK210726 research expedition. Push cores and the mineral concretion were recovered by the manipulator arm of ROV SubBastian.
    Date: 05-Aug-2021 (process 2 of 7)
    On board ship, sediment cores were extruded and sliced into four 2 cm depth horizons. Aliquots of the 0-2 cm horizon were homogenized with alcohol-sterilized spatula and frozen at -20 degrees Celcius in Whirlpakÿbag.
    Date: 05-Aug-2021 (process 3 of 7)
    On board ship, the mineral concretion was recovered from the ROV and stored in a plastic bag at room temperature.
    Date: 15-Jun-2024 (process 4 of 7)
    At Scripps Institution of Oceanography, approximately 2 grams of the frozen 0-2 cm horizon sediment aliquots were thawed in a sterile petri dish and air-dried overnight in a sterile flow hood. The sediment was then homogenized with mortar and pestle and shipped to the USGS Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center at ambient temperature. Person who carried out this activity:
    Johanna Gutleben
    Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego
    postdoctoral researcher
    Kaplan Lab, Room 201, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0209
    San Diego, CA

    858-534-7322 (voice)
    jgutleben@ucsd.edu
    Date: 10-Oct-2021 (process 5 of 7)
    At the USGS Marine Minerals Lab, the mineral concretion was rinsed with deionized water, air-dried overnight in a flow hood in a watch glass, and ground with a mortar and pestle to approximately 75 micrometer fineness.
    Date: 19-Mar-2025 (process 6 of 7)
    At the USGS Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Marine Minerals Lab powdered sediment and mineral concretion samples were backloaded and tamped into sample holders and run in a Panalytical X Pert3 x-ray diffractometer (XRD; https://www.malvernpanalytical.com/) with Cu K-alpha radiation and graphite monochromator. XRD scans were collected using the following parameters: step size of 0.017 degrees two-theta between 5 and 70 degrees two-theta, power of 40 kilovolt and 45 milliampere, scan rate of 60 seconds per step, a sample holder rotational speed of 0.03 degrees per second, and averaged triplicate scans at three different stage wobble angles (-1, 0, and 1 degree).
    Date: 06-Mar-2025 (process 7 of 7)
    X-ray diffraction scan data were combined into a comma-delimited text values document (FK210726_SCB_barrel_sediment_XRD_data.csv). Data sources used in this process:
    • FK210726 cruise data
  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

  1. How well have the observations been checked?
    X-ray diffraction data were tested for accuracy by intermittently analyzing a powdered quartz reference sample to verify the one hundred intensity peak at 26.6 degree two-theta. When the quartz peak was in the proper position, we infer that other measured peak positions in the sample are accurate. Peak intensities are considered semiquantitative since no quantitative standards were analyzed for this dataset.
  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
    A formal accuracy assessment of the horizontal positional information in the dataset has not been conducted. The horizontal accuracy was determined with the ship's GPS navigation, which is accurate to less than 5 m.
  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
    A formal accuracy assessment of the vertical positional information in the dataset has not been conducted.
  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
    Dataset is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details.
  5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
    No formal logical accuracy tests were conducted.

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
Access_Constraints No access constraints
Use_Constraints USGS-authored or produced data and information are in the public domain from the U.S. Government and are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize and acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator of the dataset and in products derived from these data.
  1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)
    U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase
    Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302
    Denver, CO

    1-888-275-8747 (voice)
    sciencebase@usgs.gov
  2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set? These data are available in .csv format contained in a single file.
  3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
    Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty.
  4. How can I download or order the data?
  5. What hardware or software do I need in order to use the data set?
    These data can be viewed with Microsoft Excel or any text reader.

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:
Last modified: 18-Jun-2025
Metadata author:
U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
Attn: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator
2885 Mission Street
Santa Cruz, CA

831-427-4747 (voice)
pcmsc_data@usgs.gov
Metadata standard:
Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)
This page is <https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/catalog/pcmsc/DataReleases/ScienceBase/DR_P1PZ48WA/FK210726_SCB_barrel_sediment_XRD_metadata.faq.html>
Generated by mp version 2.9.51 on Fri Jun 20 15:48:25 2025