Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) version 5.1.2 transects with short-term rate calculations for the northwest coast of Alaska (Cape Prince of Wales to Kotlik River)

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Metadata:

Identification_Information:
Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Ann E. Gibbs
Originator: Alexander G. Snyder
Originator: Nora M. Nieminski
Publication_Date: 20260102
Title:
Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) version 5.1.2 transects with short-term rate calculations for the northwest coast of Alaska (Cape Prince of Wales to Kotlik River)
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data (polyline)
Series_Information:
Series_Name: data release
Issue_Identification: 10.5066/P1RYHDR7
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place:
U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P1RYHDR7
Larger_Work_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Ann E. Gibbs
Originator: Alexander G. Snyder
Originator: Nora M. Nieminski
Publication_Date: 2026
Title:
National assessment of shoreline change: A GIS compilation of vector shorelines (1949 to 2015) and associated shoreline change data for the west coast of Alaska, Cape Prince of Wales to Kotlik River
Series_Information:
Series_Name: data release
Issue_Identification: 10.5066/P1RYHDR7
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, CA
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
Other_Citation_Details:
Suggested Citation: Gibbs, A.E., Snyder, A.G., Nieminski, N.M., 2026, National assessment of shoreline change: A GIS compilation of vector shorelines (1949 – 2015) and associated shoreline change data for the west coast of Alaska, Cape Prince of Wales to Kotlik River: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P1RYHDR7.
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P1RYHDR7
Description:
Abstract:
This dataset consists of short-term (less than 40 years) shoreline change rates for the west coast of Alaska between Cape Prince of Wales and the Kotlik River. Rate calculations were computed within a GIS using the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) version 5.1.2, an ArcGIS extension developed by the U.S. Geological Survey. Short-term rates of shoreline change were calculated using an end-point method based on available shoreline data between 1980 and 2015. A reference baseline was used as the originating point for the orthogonal transects cast by the DSAS software. The transects intersect each shoreline establishing measurement points, which are then used to calculate long-term rates.
Purpose:
Coastal erosion is a persistent process along most open-ocean shores of the United States and affects both developed and natural coastlines. Along the coast of Alaska, coastal erosion is widespread and threatens communities, infrastructure, and coastal habitat. As the coast changes, there are many ways that change can affect coastal communities, habitats, and the physical characteristics of the coast including beach erosion, shoreline retreat, land loss, and damage to infrastructure. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is responsible for conducting research on coastal change hazards, understanding the processes that cause coastal change, and developing models to forecast future change. To understand and adapt to shoreline change, accurate information regarding the past and present configurations of the shoreline is essential, and a comprehensive, nationally consistent analysis of shoreline movement is needed. To meet this national need, the USGS is conducting an analysis of historical shoreline changes along open-ocean coasts of the United States and parts of the Great Lakes. This dataset is one in a series of regionally focused reports on historical shoreline change. As more data are gathered, periodic updates are made, which provide information that can be used in multidisciplinary assessments of coastal change hazards.
Supplemental_Information:
Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys or the U.S. Government. Although this Federal Geographic Data Committee-compliant metadata file is intended to document the dataset in nonproprietary form, as well as in Esri format, this metadata file may include some Esri-specific terminology.
Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 1980
Ending_Date: 2015
Currentness_Reference: ground condition
Status:
Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned
Spatial_Domain:
Bounding_Coordinates:
West_Bounding_Coordinate: -168.0948
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -160.4740
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 65.5317
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 62.9810
Keywords:
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
Theme_Keyword: oceans
Theme_Keyword: environment
Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Data Categories for Marine Planning
Theme_Keyword: Distributions
Theme_Keyword: Physical/Chemical Features
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus
Theme_Keyword: coastal processes
Theme_Keyword: geospatial datasets
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Marine Realms Information Bank (MRIB) keywords
Theme_Keyword: shoreline accretion
Theme_Keyword: shoreline erosion
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey
Theme_Keyword: USGS
Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program
Theme_Keyword: CMHRP
Theme_Keyword: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
Theme_Keyword: PCMSC
Theme_Keyword: Shoreline
Theme_Keyword: Shoreline change
Theme_Keyword: Digital Shoreline Analysis System
Theme_Keyword: DSAS
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier
Theme_Keyword: USGS:68bf6e91d4be023bd943d3e8
Place:
Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Geographic Names Information System (GNIS)
Place_Keyword: State of Alaska
Place_Keyword: Bering Sea
Place_Keyword: Norton Sound
Place_Keyword: Brevig Mission
Place_Keyword: Teller
Place_Keyword: Nome
Place_Keyword: Golovin
Place_Keyword: Shaktoolik
Place_Keyword: Unalakleet
Place_Keyword: Stebbins
Place_Keyword: Saint Michael
Place:
Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Place_Keyword: United States of America
Place_Keyword: Alaska
Access_Constraints: No access constraints
Use_Constraints:
USGS-authored or produced data and information are in the public domain from the U.S. Government and are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. These data are marked with a Creative Common CC BY 4.0 License, and users must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. Please recognize and acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey and the Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys as the originators of the dataset and in products derived from these data.
Point_of_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization:
U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
Contact_Person: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 2885 Mission Street
City: Santa Cruz
State_or_Province: CA
Postal_Code: 95060
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-427-4747
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pcmsc_data@usgs.gov
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Emily A. Himmelstoss
Originator: Rachel E. Henderson
Originator: Meredith G. Kratzmann
Originator: Amy S. Farris
Publication_Date: 2021
Title: Digital Shoreline Analysis System (version 5.1) User Guide
Other_Citation_Details:
Himmelstoss, E.A., Henderson, R.E., Kratzmann, M.G., and Farris, A.S., 2021, Digital Shoreline Analysis System (version 5.1) User Guide: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021-1091.
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211091
Online_Linkage:
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Emily A. Himmelstoss
Originator: Amy S. Farris
Originator: Rachel E. Henderson
Originator: Meredith G. Kratzmann
Originator: Ayhan Ergul
Originator: Ouya Zhang
Originator: Jessica L. Zichichi
Originator: E. Robert Thieler
Publication_Date: 2018
Title:
Digital Shoreline Analysis System (version 5.1): U.S. Geological Survey Software
Other_Citation_Details:
Current software at time of use was 5.1. The second link directs to the DSAS project page.
Online_Linkage: https://code.usgs.gov/cch/dsas/-/tree/v5.1?ref_type=tags
Online_Linkage:
Data_Quality_Information:
Attribute_Accuracy:
Attribute_Accuracy_Report:
The attributes of this dataset are based on the field requirements of the Digital Shoreline Analysis System and were automatically generated by the software during the generation of the transect layer or during the calculation of shoreline change rates performed by the software. ShoreType attributes were added after rate calculations. The data have been quality checked.
Logical_Consistency_Report:
These data were generated using DSAS version 5.1.2. The transects automatically generated by the software were visually inspected along with the shoreline data prior to rate calculations. Sometimes transect positions were manually edited within a standard ArcMap edit session to adjust the position at which an individual transect intersected the shorelines to better represent an orthogonal position to the general trend of the coast over time.
Completeness_Report:
This dataset contains the transects automatically generated by the DSAS software application that were used to calculate shoreline change rates along sections of the west coast of Alaska, between Cape Prince of Wales and the Kotlik River, where shoreline position data were available. Additional transects may have been generated but did not intersect the shoreline dates specified.
Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:
The transect serves as a reference point along which measurements are calculated by the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) software. It does not correspond to any real-world feature.
Lineage:
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: U.S. Geological Survey
Publication_Date: 2025
Title:
Midshore baselines for the northwest coast of Alaska (Cape Prince of Wales to Kotlik River) generated to calculate shoreline change rates
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: shapefile
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: online
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P1RYHDR7
Type_of_Source_Media: Digital Resources
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 2025
Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: DSAS baselines
Source_Contribution:
DSAS baselines used for calculation of shoreline change rates, available from this same data release..
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: U.S. Geological Survey
Publication_Date: 2025
Title:
Shorelines from 1949 to 2015 for the northwest coast of Alaska (Cape Prince of Wales to Kotlik River) used in shoreline change analysis
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: shapefile
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: online
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P1RYHDR7
Type_of_Source_Media: Digital Resources
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 1949
Ending_Date: 2015
Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: DSAS shoreline
Source_Contribution:
DSAS shoreline file used for calculation of shoreline change rates, available from this same data release.
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Transect features were generated using DSAS v5.1.2 in ArcMap v10.8.1. Parameters Used: Baseline Layer=NorthwestAK_baselines, Baseline ID Field=ID, baseline placement=midshore, Baseline Orientation=Land is to the LEFT, Search Distance From Baseline=variable, Transect Spacing=50 meters, Smoothing Distance=500 meters. For additional details on these parameters, please see the DSAS help file distributed with the DSAS software.
Process_Date: 2024
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Some transects were manually edited to ensure they intersected all shorelines and were as close to perpendicular as possible.
Process_Date: 2024
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Rate calculations performed using DSAS v5.1.2 in ArcMap v10.8.1 on selected shoreline features. Parameters Used: Shoreline Layer= NorthwestAK_Shorelines, Shoreline Date Field=DATE_, Shoreline Uncertainty Field=UNCY, Default Data Accuracy=0 meters, Intersection Parameters=Seaward Intersection, Statistics to Calculate = [Shoreline Change Envelope (SCE)], [Net Shoreline Movement (NSM)], [End-point Rate (EPR)], Confidence Interval=90 percent, producing rates and intersect points.
Process_Date: 2025
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
The transect feature class was exported from a personal geodatabase to a shapefile in ArcCatalog v10.8.1 by performing a right-mouse click on the data layer > export > to shapefile (single).
Process_Date: 2025
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
BestRate, BestUNCY, and RateType fields were added to the shapefile. BestRate was calculated as EPR where ShrCount=2 and LRR where ShrCount=3. BestUNCY was calculated as EPRUncy where ShrCount=2 and LCI90 where ShrCount=3.RateType was calculated as EPR where ShrCount=2 and LRR where ShrCount=3.
Process_Date: 2025
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
The exported shoreline shapefile was reprojected in Esri's ArcGIS Pro v3.4.3 > Data Management Tools > Projections and Transformations > Project. Parameters: input projection = NAD 1983 UTM Zone 3N; output projection = geographic coordinates (WGS84); transformation = WGS_1984_(ITRF00)_To_NAD_1983.
Process_Date: 2025
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
The exported and edited transect shapefile was projected in Esri's ArcGIS Pro v3.4.3 ) > Data Management Tools > Projections and Transformations > Feature > Project. Parameters: input projection – NAD 1983 UTM Zone 3N); output projection - geographic coordinates (WGS84); transformation = WGS_1984_(ITRF00)_To_NAD_1983.
Process_Date: 2025
Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:
Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector
Point_and_Vector_Object_Information:
SDTS_Terms_Description:
SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: String
Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 16431
Spatial_Reference_Information:
Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
Geographic:
Latitude_Resolution: 0.0000001
Longitude_Resolution: 0.0000001
Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal seconds
Geodetic_Model:
Horizontal_Datum_Name: D_WGS_1984
Ellipsoid_Name: WGS_1984
Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.0
Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257223563
Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
Detailed_Description:
Entity_Type:
Entity_Type_Label: Attribute Table
Entity_Type_Definition:
Table containing attribute information associated with the dataset.
Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Producer defined
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: FID
Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number
Attribute_Definition_Source: Esri
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain:
Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Shape
Attribute_Definition: Feature geometry
Attribute_Definition_Source: Esri
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Polyline ZM
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: ESRI polyline shapefile
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Esri
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: TransectID
Attribute_Definition:
A permanent and unique identification number for each transect in the output rates table calculated by DSAS.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Himmelstoss and others (2018)
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 223
Range_Domain_Maximum: 22153
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Unitless
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: BaselineID
Attribute_Definition:
Values in this field correlate to the baseline attribute field “ID” and are assigned by DSAS to identify the baseline segment used to generate the measurement transect.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Himmelstoss and others (2018)
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 1
Range_Domain_Maximum: 40
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Unitless
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: TransOrder
Attribute_Definition:
Assigned by DSAS based on ordering of transects along the baseline or baselines. If the user manually adds transects to the file in an edit session, they will be added to the end of the transect attribute table and given a new TransectID (ObjectID). However, TransOrder will be updated to reflect the position of the new transect with respect to the other transects along the baseline. This field provides the user with a method to sort transect attribute data from the start of the baseline segment with an ID=1 and increment by one alongshore to the end of the final baseline segment.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Himmelstoss and others (2018)
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 223
Range_Domain_Maximum: 22153
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Unitless
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Azimuth
Attribute_Definition:
Used to record the azimuth of the transect measured in degrees clockwise from north.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Himmelstoss and others (2018)
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 360
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Degrees
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: ShrCount
Attribute_Definition:
The total number of shorelines intersected by the transect and used for change analysis.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Himmelstoss and others (2018)
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 2
Range_Domain_Maximum: 2
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Number of shorelines
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: TCD
Attribute_Definition:
Total cumulative distance in meters from start of baseline to transect location.
Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 11100.00
Range_Domain_Maximum: 1162943.01
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Meters
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: SCE
Attribute_Definition:
The shoreline change envelope (SCE) reports a distance, not a rate. The SCE is the distance between the most seaward and most landward shoreline at each transect. This represents the total change in shoreline movement for all available shoreline positions and is not related to their dates.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Himmelstoss and others (2018)
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 402.49
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Meters
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: NSM
Attribute_Definition:
The net shoreline movement (NSM) reports the distance between the oldest and youngest shorelines for each transect. This represents the total distance between the oldest and youngest shorelines. If this distance is divided by the number of years elapsed between the two shoreline positions, the result is the End Point Rate (EPR).
Attribute_Definition_Source: Himmelstoss and others (2018)
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: -401.90
Range_Domain_Maximum: 402.49
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Meters
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: EPR
Attribute_Definition: End-point rate
Attribute_Definition_Source: Himmelstoss and others (2018)
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: -11.45
Range_Domain_Maximum: 11.50
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters per year
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: EPRunc
Attribute_Definition: Uncertainty of the end point rate
Attribute_Definition_Source: Himmelstoss and others (2018)
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.15
Range_Domain_Maximum: 0.27
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters per year
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: SHAPE_Leng
Attribute_Definition:
Length of transect in meter units, assuming data were properly projected in a meter-based coordinate system. This field is automatically generated and maintained when data are within a geodatabase.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Himmelstoss and others (2018)
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 89.69
Range_Domain_Maximum: 864.70
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Meters
Overview_Description:
Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
The entity and attribute information provided here describes the tabular data associated with the dataset. Please review the detailed descriptions that are provided (the individual attribute descriptions) for information on the values that appear as fields/table entries of the dataset.
Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:
The entity and attribute information were generated by the individual and/or agency identified as the originator of the dataset. Please review the rest of the metadata record for additional details and information.
Distribution_Information:
Distributor:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302
City: Denver
State_or_Province: CO
Postal_Code: 80225
Country: CA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 888-275-8747
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: sciencebase@usgs.gov
Resource_Description:
These data are available in shapefile format contained in a single zip file, which also includes CSDGM FGDC-compliant metadata.
Distribution_Liability:
Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys (DGGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty.
Standard_Order_Process:
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: Shapefile
Format_Version_Number: ArcGIS Pro v3.4.3
Format_Specification: Esri polyline shapefile
Format_Information_Content:
Zip file contains shoreline change rates measured along shore perpendicular transects on the northwest coast of Alaska and associated metadata.
File_Decompression_Technique: Use WinZip or equivalent
Transfer_Size: 1.16
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Online_Option:
Computer_Contact_Information:
Network_Address:
Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P1RYHDR7
Access_Instructions:
Data can be downloaded using the Network_Resource_Name link and selecting the specific Child Items title page.
Fees: None.
Technical_Prerequisites:
These data are available in a polyline shapefile format. The user must have software to read and process the data components of a shapefile.
Metadata_Reference_Information:
Metadata_Date: 20260102
Metadata_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization:
U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
Contact_Person: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 2885 Mission Street
City: Santa Cruz
State_or_Province: CA
Postal_Code: 95060
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-427-4747
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pcmsc_data@usgs.gov
Metadata_Standard_Name: Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998

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