CoSMoS 3.2 Northern California sub-regional tier 3 2D XBeach model input files

Frequently anticipated questions:

• What does this data set describe?
  1. How might this data set be cited?
  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?
  3. What does it look like?
  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?
  5. What is the general form of this data set?
  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?
• Who produced the data set?
  1. Who are the originators of the data set?
  2. Who also contributed to the data set?
  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
• Why was the data set created?
• How was the data set created?
  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?
  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?
• How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?
  1. How well have the observations been checked?
  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
  5. How consistent are the relationships among the data, including topology?
• How can someone get a copy of the data set?
  1. Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
  2. Who distributes the data?
  3. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set?
  4. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
  5. How can I download or order the data?
• Who wrote the metadata?

What does this data set describe?

1. How might this data set be cited?
   O'Neill, Andrea C., Nederhoff, Kees, Erikson, Li H., Thomas, Jennifer A., and Barnard, Patrick L., 20241015, CoSMoS 3.2 Northern California sub-regional tier 3 2D XBeach model input files: data release DOI:10.5066/P9048D1S, U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, California.

   Online Links:

   • https://doi.org/10.5066/P9048D1S
   • https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/6621b3c9d34e7eb9eb7f96c1

   This is part of the following larger work.
   Barnard, Patrick L., Erikson, Li H., Foxgrover, Amy C., Limber, Patrick W., Nederhoff, Kees, O'Neill, Andrea C., Thomas, Jennifer A., and Vitousek, Sean F., 2022, Coastal Storm Modeling System (CoSMoS) for northern California 3.2: data release DOI:10.5066/P9048D1S, U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, California.

   Online Links:

   • https://doi.org/10.5066/P9048D1S

2. What geographic area does the data set cover?

   West_Bounding_Coordinate: -124.4980
   East_Bounding_Coordinate: -123.8742
   North_Bounding_Coordinate: 41.6342
   South_Bounding_Coordinate: 39.9417
   

3. What does it look like?

   https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/6621b3c9d34e7eb9eb7f96c1?name=NorthernCalifornia_CoSMoS3-2_tier3_model_regions.PNG&allowOpen=true (PNG)

   Map showing location and names of XBeach model domains.

4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?

   Calendar_Date: 2024

   Currentness_Reference:

   year of publication

5. What is the general form of this data set?

   Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: NetCDF
   

6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
   1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
      

      Indirect_Spatial_Reference:

      The model input files for 2D XBeach (v1.24) are for CoSMoS 3.2 Northern California sub-regions (tier 3). Models are identified by a 2-digit designation, starting with 'grid22' at the southern end of Humboldt County and increasing sequentially northward. Simulated storm event conditions are synced to a representative spring tide (November 2010). Each model setup included is for the 0 m SLR and the 5 March 2044 (100-year) storm event. See O'Neill and others (2018, 2024) for a full explanation of the model setup, and Deltares manual (2024) for a detailed explanation of model files.

   2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
      

      Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator
      Universal_Transverse_Mercator:

      UTM_Zone_Number: 10
      Transverse_Mercator:

      Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.999600
      Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -123.000000
      Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.000000
      False_Easting: 500000.000000
      False_Northing: 0.000000
      

      Planar coordinates are encoded using row and column
      Abscissae (x-coordinates) are specified to the nearest 2.000000
      Ordinates (y-coordinates) are specified to the nearest 2.000000
      Planar coordinates are specified in meters
      The horizontal datum used is North American Datum 1983 (NSRS2007).
      The ellipsoid used is Geodetic Reference System 80.
      The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378137.000000.
      The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/298.257222.
      

      Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition:

      Depth_System_Definition:

      Depth_Datum_Name: NAVD88
      Depth_Resolution: 2.0
      Depth_Distance_Units: meters
      Depth_Encoding_Method: Implicit coordinate
      

7. How does the data set describe geographic features?

   Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:

   Model setup files include all files necessary to run sub-regional tier 3 simulation for CoSMoS 3.2 in Northern California with XBeach. Boundary conditions illustrate a 100-yr storm event (5 March 2044) and 0 m SLR. Grid bathymetry reflecting coastal elevations for scenarios of SLR greater than 0 cm, which account for projected shoreline change and cliff retreat. These are contained within the ‘bed_with_SLR’ directory, named for each SLR amount in centimeters. See O'Neill and others (2018 and 2024) and Erikson and others (2017) for more information.

   Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:

   Model setup files for CoSMoS 3.2 Northern California sub-regional tier 3 simulations, created in 2D XBeach. The entity and attribute information were generated by the individual and/or agency identified as the originator of the data set. Please review the rest of the metadata record for additional details and information.

Who produced the data set?

1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
   • Andrea C. O'Neill
   • Kees Nederhoff
   • Li H. Erikson
   • Jennifer A. Thomas
   • Patrick L. Barnard
2. Who also contributed to the data set?
   This project was funded by U.S. Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program. Resources supporting this work were provided by the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) Division at Ames Research Center, and USGS Advanced Research Computing (Falgout and others, 2024).
3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
   U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center

   Attn: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator

   2885 Mission Street

   Santa Cruz, CA
   

   831-427-4747 (voice)

   pcmsc_data@usgs.gov

Why was the data set created?

How was the data set created?

1. From what previous works were the data drawn?

   DEM (source 1 of 5)

   U.S. Geological Survey, 2022, Coastal National Elevation Database (CoNED) Project - Topobathymetric Digital Elevation Model (TBDEM) for Northern California: U.S. Geological Survey, online.

   Online Links:

   • https://topotools.cr.usgs.gov/topobathy_viewer/

   Type_of_Source_Media: online database
   Source_Contribution:

   Elevation data used to prescribe topobathy elevations in model grid

   cliff retreat (source 2 of 5)

   Limber, Patrick W., Barnard, Patrick L., O'Neill, Andrea C., and Foxgrover, Amy C., 2022, Northern California 3.2 projections of coastal cliff retreat due to 21st century sea-level: U.S. Geological Survey, online.

   Online Links:

   • https://doi.org/10.5066/P9048D1S
   • https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/636d7473d34ed907bf6ba1fc

   Type_of_Source_Media: online database
   Source_Contribution:

   projections of coastal cliff retreat with various SLR used in adjusting coastal model grid elevations

   shoreline change (source 3 of 5)

   Vitousek, Sean F., Vos, Kilian, Splinter, Kristen D., O'Neill, Andrea C., Foxgrover, Amy C., Hayden, Maya K., Barnard, Patrick L., and Erikson, Li H., 2022, Projections of shoreline change for California due to 21st century sea-level rise: U.S. Geological Survey, online.

   Online Links:

   • https://doi.org/10.5066/P9CJMB2H
   • https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/63f905e7d34e4f7eda45c8f3

   Type_of_Source_Media: online database
   Source_Contribution:

   projections of shoreline change with various SLR used in adjusting coastal model grid elevations

   tier 2 sub-regional models (source 4 of 5)

   O'Neill, Andrea C., Thomas, Jennifer A., Erikson, Li H., and Barnard, Patrick L., 2023, CoSMoS 3.2 Northern California sub-regional tier 2 FLOW-WAVE model input files: U.S. Geological Survey, online.

   Online Links:

   • https://doi.org/10.5066/P9048D1S
   • https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/64347417d34ee8d4add91266

   Type_of_Source_Media: online database
   Source_Contribution:

   tier 2 simulations cover the Northern California region and provide boundary conditions to higher-resolution XBeach models

   tide gages (source 5 of 5)

   National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), 2019, NOAA Water Level Information for Tide Stations: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), online.

   Online Links:

   • https://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/stations.html?type=Water+Levels

   Type_of_Source_Media: online database
   Source_Contribution:

   water level measurements at various tide stations for validation of model setup

2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?

   Date: 15-Oct-2023 (process 1 of 3)

   Model grids (.grd and .enc), elevations (.dep, m) and other XBeach-specific setup files (params, .dep, .grd, disch_loc_file, disch_timeseries_file, jonswap, loclist, waterlevelini) for tier 3 subregions (as described by O'Neill and others, 2024) are generated for Northern California. See Deltares manual (2024) for a description (and applicable units) of model files. Model domains are identified by sequential numbers, starting with ‘grid22’ at the southern end of Humboldt County and increasing northwards, to cover Humboldt County and portions of adjacent counties. Models are set up in the cartesian coordinate system (UTM 10) and elevations are referenced to NAVD88. Model grid/setup validated for storm system in January 2010 using boundary conditions from tier 2 simulations for the same period; water level RMSE is 14 cm at North Spit tide gage; domains without tide gages are compared to validated tier 2 output and adjacent overlapping domains. For an in-depth discussion of XBeach model setup see O'Neill and others (2018, 2024). Data sources used in this process:

   • DEM
   • tide gages

   Data sources produced in this process:

   • validated model setup files

   Date: 15-Dec-2023 (process 2 of 3)

   Model grids grid bathymetry adjusted for various SLR scenarios, based on corresponding projected cliff retreat and shoreline changes. Adjusted elevations are referenced to NAVD88. For an in-depth discussion of coastal elevation adjustment, see Erikson and others (2017) and O'Neill and others (2018 and 2024). Data sources used in this process:

   • DEM
   • cliff retreat
   • shoreline change

   Data sources produced in this process:

   • adjusted grids for SLR scenarios

   Date: 01-Jun-2024 (process 3 of 3)

   Setup files adjusted for all storm scenarios simulated in sub-regional tier 2 models. Water level and wave data were extracted from each tier 2 simulation to serve as boundary conditions for the XBeach model domains; additionally, the same discharge timeseries used in tier 2 simulations are used in XBeach simulations. XBeach models are set up and run for the same storm events used in tier 2 models, identified from future climate conditions (tier 2). For each event, setup files (water level, discharge and wave forcing files) are adjusted to use the extracted tier 2 boundary output as conditions; discharge estimates were synced to the onset of storm conditions, as in tier 2. For each storm event, simulations are run with a range of SLR: 0 m, 0.5 m, 1.0 m, 1.5 m, 2.0 m, 3.0 m, and 5.0 m. Model output was checked for quality and consistency. As done in tier 2 and described in O'Neill and others (2018, 2024), all simuliations are run over a representive spring tide in November 2010. All storm event conditions are synced to this representative tide cycle. See O'Neill and others (2018, 2024) on scenario setup and Erikson and others (2018) for information on storm selection. Data sources used in this process:

   • validated model setup files
   • tier 2 sub-regional model
   • adjusted grids for SLR scenarios

   Data sources produced in this process:

   • scenario model setup files used in CoSMoS 3.2

3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?
   O'Neill, A.C., Nederhoff, K., Erikson, L.H., Thomas, J.A., and Barnard, P.L., 2024, A Dataset of Two-Dimensional XBeach Model Set-Up Files for Northern California.

   Other_Citation_Details:

   O'Neill, A.C., Nederhoff, K., Erikson, L.H., Thomas, J.A., Barnard, P.L., 2024, A Dataset of Two-Dimensional XBeach Model Set-Up Files for Northern California: Data, vol. 9, art. 118, https://doi.org/10.3390/data9100118.

   O'Neill, A.C., Erikson, L.H., Barnard, P.L., Limber, P.W., Vitousek, S., Warrick, J, Foxgrover, A.C., and Lovering, J.L., 2018, Projected 21st Century Coastal Flooding in the Southern California Bight. Part 1: Development of the Third Generation CoSMoS Model.

   Other_Citation_Details:

   O'Neill, A.C., Erikson, L.H., Barnard, P.L., Limber, P.W., Vitousek, S., Warrick, J.A., Foxgrover, A.C., Lovering, J., 2018, Projected 21st Century Coastal Flooding in the Southern California Bight. Part 1: Development of the Third Generation CoSMoS Model: Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, vol. 6, art. 59, https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse6020059.

   Erikson, L.H., O'Neill, A.C., Barnard, P.L., Vitousek, S., and Limber, P.W., 2017, Climate change-driven cliff and beach evolution at decadal to centennial time scales.

   Other_Citation_Details:

   Erikson, L.H.; O’Neill, A.; Barnard, P.L.; Vitousek, S.; Limber, P.W. Climate change-driven cliff and beach evolution at decadal to centennial time scales. In Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Coastal Dynamics 2017, Helsingor, Denmark, 12–16 June 2017. Paper No. 210.

   Erikson, L.H., Espejo, A., Barnard, P.L., Serafin, K.A., Hegermiller, C.A., O'Neill, A.C., Ruggiero, P., Limber, P.W., and Mendez, F.J., 2018, Identification of storm events and contiguous coastal sections for deterministic modeling of extreme coastal flood events in response to climate change.

   Other_Citation_Details:

   Erikson, L.H., Espejo, A., Barnard, P.L., Serafin, K.A., Hegermiller, C.A., O'Neill, A.C., Ruggiero, P., Limber, P.W., and Mendez, F.J., 2018, Identification of storm events and contiguous coastal sections for deterministic modeling of extreme coastal flood events in response to climate change: Coastal Engineering, v. 140, p. 316-330, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2018.08.003.

   Falgout, J.T., Gordon, J., Williams, B., and Davis, M.J., 2024, USGS Denali Supercomputer: U.S. Geological Survey.

   Other_Citation_Details:

   Falgout, Jeff T, Janice Gordon, Brad Williams, Matthew J. Davis, 2024, USGS Advanced Research Computing, USGS Denali Supercomputer: U.S. Geological Survey, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9PSW367. (accessed 01 February 2024)

   Deltares, 2024, XBeach online manual documentation.

   Other_Citation_Details:

   Deltares, 2024, Beach online manual documentation, Available online: xbeach.readthedocs.io (accessed 01 February 2024)

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

1. How well have the observations been checked?
   Model setup is validated for a historical storm event in the Northern California region with water level RMSE of up to 14 cm. See O'Neill and others (2018, 2024) for more information on setup and accuracy.
2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
   Data are concurrent with the referenced Digital Elevation Model.
3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
   Model-derived data are accurate within the limitations outlined in O'Neill and others (2018, 2024).
4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
   Dataset is considered complete for the information presented.
5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
   Data have undergone QA/QC and fall within expected/reasonable ranges.

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)
   
   U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase

   Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302

   Denver, CO
   

   1-888-275-8747 (voice)

   sciencebase@usgs.gov
2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set? Downloadable data in XBeach numerical model input file format.
3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
   Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
4. How can I download or order the data?
   • Availability in digital form:

     Data format:	Zip file containing XBeach (v1.24) numerical model input files. in format netCDF (version WinZip) Size: 1021.9
     Network links:	https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/6621b3c9d34e7eb9eb7f96c1?name=NorthernCalifornia_tier3_model-setup-files.zip https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/6621b3c9d34e7eb9eb7f96c1 https://doi.org/10.5066/P9048D1S https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/5633fea2e4b048076347f1cf

   • Cost to order the data: None

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:

Last modified: 15-Oct-2024

Metadata author:

U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center

Attn: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator

2885 Mission Street

Santa Cruz, CA

831-427-4747 (voice)

pcmsc_data@usgs.gov

Metadata standard:

Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)