Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Anna I. Hamilton Originator: Ann E. Gibbs Originator: Li H. Erikson Originator: Anita C. Engelstad Publication_Date: 20210812 Title: Polygon shapefiles attributed with morphometric information for barrier islands and spits located along the north coast of Alaska between Cape Beaufort and the U.S.-Canadian border, 1947 to 2019 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Vector Digital Data Set (Polygon) Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/P90EQ1H7 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, CA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/5f8f1b8582ce06b040efc901 Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P90EQ1H7 Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Anna I. Hamilton Originator: Ann E. Gibbs Originator: Li H. Erikson Originator: Anita C. Engelstad Publication_Date: 20201231 Title: Historical shorelines and morphological metrics for barrier islands and spits along the north coast of Alaska between Cape Beaufort and the U.S.-Canadian border, 1947 to 2019 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Publication (Other) Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/P90EQ1H7 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, CA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P90EQ1H7 Description: Abstract: A suite of morphological metrics were derived from existing shoreline and elevation datasets for barrier islands and spits located along the north-slope coast of Alaska between Cape Beaufort and the U.S.-Canadian border. This dataset includes barrier polygons attributed with morphological metrics from five time periods: 1950s, 1980s, 2000s, 2010s, and 2020s. Purpose: These data accompany Hamilton and others (2021), a U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report summarizing historical morphological change to barrier islands and spits located along the north-slope coast of Alaska between Cape Beaufort and the U.S.-Canadian border. The purpose of the study is to improve upon the understanding of barrier formation, evolution, and stability in a permafrost setting. The results can be used to advance an understanding of barrier island dynamics and better predict future barrier evolution and prevalence along Alaska’s coast. Supplemental_Information: Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this Federal Geographic Data Committee-compliant metadata file is intended to document the data set in nonproprietary form, as well as in Esri format, this metadata file may include some Esri-specific terminology. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 19470701 Ending_Date: 20190620 Currentness_Reference: dates of source data used Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: As needed Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -164.08213763 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -140.489705466 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 71.377552267 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 69.080580846 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Data Categories for Marine Planning Theme_Keyword: Physical habitats and geomorphology Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Marine Realms Information Bank (MRIB) keywords Theme_Keyword: barrier island migration Theme_Keyword: barrier island Theme_Keyword: permafrost Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: coastal processes Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey Theme_Keyword: USGS Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program Theme_Keyword: CMHRP Theme_Keyword: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Theme_Keyword: PCMSC Theme_Keyword: barrier spit Theme_Keyword: shoreline change Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier Theme_Keyword: USGS:5f8f1b8582ce06b040efc901 Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) Place_Keyword: State of Alaska Place_Keyword: North Slope Place_Keyword: Chukchi Sea Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: Arctic Place_Keyword: Beaufort Sea Place_Keyword: North Slope coast Access_Constraints: None Use_Constraints: USGS-authored or produced data and information are in the public domain from the U.S. Government and are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize and acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator(s) of the dataset and in products derived from these data. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Person: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address: 2885 Mission Street City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95060 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-427-4747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pcmsc_data@usgs.gov Native_Data_Set_Environment: Environment as of Metadata Creation: Microsoft [Unknown] Version 6.2 (Build 9200); Esri ArcGIS 10.7.1 (Build 11595) Service Pack N/A (Build N/A) Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Ann E. Gibbs Originator: Bruce M. Richmond Publication_Date: 2015 Title: National assessment of shoreline change--Historical shoreline change along the north coast of Alaska, U.S.-Canadian border to Icy Cape Other_Citation_Details: Gibbs, A.E., and Richmond, B.M., 2015, National assessment of shoreline change--Historical shoreline change along the north coast of Alaska, U.S.-Canadian border to Icy Cape: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1048, 96 p. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151048 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Ann E. Gibbs Originator: Bruce M. Richmond Publication_Date: 2017 Title: National assessment of shoreline change--Summary statistics for updated vector shorelines and associated shoreline change data for the north coast of Alaska, U.S.-Canadian border to Icy Cape Other_Citation_Details: Gibbs, A.E., and Richmond, B.M., 2017, National assessment of shoreline change--Summary statistics for updated vector shorelines and associated shoreline change data for the north coast of Alaska, U.S.-Canadian border to Icy Cape: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2017--1107, 21 p. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20171107 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Emily A. Himmelstoss Originator: Rachel E. Henderson Originator: Meridith G. Kratzmann Originator: Amy S. Farris Publication_Date: 2018 Title: Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) version 5.0 user guide Other_Citation_Details: Himmelstoss, E.A., Henderson, R.E., Kratzmann, M.G., and Farris, A.S., 2018, Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) version 5.0 user guide: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2018–1179, 110 p. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181179 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Ann E. Gibbs Originator: Alexander G. Snyder Originator: Bruce M. Richmond Publication_Date: 2019 Title: National assessment of shoreline change--Historical shoreline change along the north coast of Alaska, Icy Cape to Cape Prince of Wales Other_Citation_Details: Gibbs, A.E., Snyder, A.G., and Richmond, B.M., 2019, National assessment of shoreline change--Historical shoreline change along the north coast of Alaska, Icy Cape to Cape Prince of Wales: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2019-1146, 52 p. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20191146 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Anna I. Hamilton Originator: Ann E. Gibbs Originator: Li H. Erikson Originator: Anita C. Engelstad Publication_Date: 2021 Title: Assessment of barrier island morphological change in northern Alaska Other_Citation_Details: Hamilton, A.I., Gibbs, A.E., Erikson, L.H., and Engelstad, A.C., 2021, Assessment of barrier island morphological change in northern Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021-1074 Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr2021-1074 Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: The attributes in this dataset record positional and measurement uncertainties calculated during the process of extracting morphological metrics from the data as described in the process steps. Logical_Consistency_Report: Adjacent polygons do not overlap across time periods. Polygons were quality checked for accuracy. Completeness_Report: This file is complete and contains all polygons used to calculate morphological metrics along sections of the specified Alaska coastal region where shoreline position data were available. These data adequately represented the shoreline position at the time of the survey. Remaining gaps in these data are a consequence of nonexisting data or existing data that did not meet quality assurance standards. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: A formal accuracy assessment of the horizontal positional information in the data set has not been conducted. The horizontal accuracy of shorelines compiled from 1947 to 2019 data varies with respect to the data source from which the shorelines were digitized and the time period. Please visit the 'Estimation of Shoreline Position Uncertainty' section in Gibbs and Richmond (2015), Gibbs and Richmond (2017) and Gibbs and others (2019) for a complete explanation of the measurement uncertainties associated with these shorelines. Vertical_Positional_Accuracy: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: A formal accuracy assessment of the vertical positional information in the data set has either not been conducted or is not applicable. Lineage: Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Anna I. Hamilton Originator: Ann E. Gibbs Originator: Li H. Erikson Originator: Anita C. Engelstad Publication_Date: 2021 Title: Historical shoreline vectors for barrier islands and spits along the north coast of Alaska between Cape Beaufort and the U.S.-Canadian border, 1947 to 2019 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Vector Digital Data Set (Polyline) Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, CA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P90EQ1H7 Type_of_Source_Media: Digital and/or Hardcopy Resources Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 19470701 Ending_Date: 20190620 Source_Currentness_Reference: dates of source data used Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Hamilton and others (2021) Source_Contribution: Source information used in support of the development of the data set. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Ann E. Gibbs Originator: Karin A. Ohman Originator: Ryan Coppersmith Originator: Bruce M. Richmond Publication_Date: 20170918 Title: A GIS compilation of updated vector shorelines and associated shoreline change data for the north coast of Alaska, U.S. Canadian Border to Icy Cape Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Vector Digital Data Set Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, CA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/F72Z13N1 Type_of_Source_Media: Digital and/or Hardcopy Resources Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 19470701 Ending_Date: 20120813 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Gibbs and others (2017) Source_Contribution: Source information used in support of the development of the data set. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Alexander G. Snyder Originator: Ann E. Gibbs Publication_Date: 20191227 Title: National Assessment of Shoreline Change: A GIS compilation of vector shorelines and associated shoreline change data for the north coast of Alaska, Icy Cape to Cape Prince of Wales Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Vector Digital Data Set Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, CA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9H1S1PV Type_of_Source_Media: Digital and/or Hardcopy Resources Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 19480701 Ending_Date: 20160903 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Snyder and Gibbs, 2019 Source_Contribution: Source information used in support of the development of the data set. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey Publication_Date: 2015 Title: 2009 USGS Lidar: North Slope, Alaska Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: LAS point cloud Publication_Information: Publication_Place: online Publisher: NOAA Digital Coast Online_Linkage: https://coast.noaa.gov/digitalcoast/data/ Type_of_Source_Media: Digital Resources Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20090905 Ending_Date: 20160903 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition at time data were collected Source_Citation_Abbreviation: 2010s barrier elevation dataset Source_Contribution: Data were used as the source of barrier elevation. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Originator: Arctic Landscape Conservation Cooperative Originator: University of Alaska, Fairbanks Alaska Satellite Facility and the Geographic Information Network of Alaska Publication_Date: 2012 Title: Orthorectified 1:64,000-scale color-infrared Alaska High-Altitude Aerial Photography Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Raster Digital Dataset Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Unpublished data Publisher: Unpublished data Type_of_Source_Media: Digital Data (.tif) Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 1978 Ending_Date: 1985 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition at time data were collected. Source_Citation_Abbreviation: AHAP photomosaics Source_Contribution: Alaska high altitude aerial photography was used to delineate the presence or absence of tundra vegetation. Process_Step: Process_Description: Vector shapefiles of barrier shorelines from Hamilton and others (2020b) were converted to polygons using the Feature to Polygon tool in ArcGIS 10.7. Barrier polygons and polyline shorelines were used to calculate the following morphometrics of each barrier in each study era: number of islands (in each barrier chain), type (constructed or relict), area, perimeter length, exposed-shoreline length (length of the shoreline on the exposed coast), straight-line length (length between the western- and eastern-most points of the exposed shoreline), sinuosity (the ratio between exposed-shoreline length and straight-line length), width (mean, maximum, minimum, 25th and 75th percentiles), presence or absence of recurved features on either end of the island, presence and number of relict terminus features on either end of the island, presence of tundra vegetation, approximate vegetation cover (for 1980s-era only) and barrier chain orientation (maximum, minimum, mean, median, 25th and 75th percentiles). Elevation metrics, including mean, maximum, minimum, median elevations were extracted for all 2010s-era barrier polygons from 1-m resolution digital surface models derived from the 2010s barrier elevation dataset using the Zonal Statistics as Table tool in ArcMap. The number of barriers in each island chain, barrier area, and perimeter length were calculated from the polygon shapefiles in ArcMap 10.7. Exposed-shoreline and straight-line lengths were then calculated from vector shapefiles. Widths were calculated using transects created with the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) v.5 tool (Himmelstoss and others, 2018). Transects were cast with 50-m spacing using existing baselines from Gibbs and others (2017) and Snyder and Gibbs (2019) and then clipped to the barrier perimeter boundary. Width statistics were calculated for each barrier chain and each individual barrier using MATLAB. Barrier chain orientation statistics were also calculated in MATLAB using the X and Y points of transect intersections along the exposed shoreline. Presence of recurved features on either end, as well as the number of relict termini, was visually identified. The presence or absence of tundra vegetation and the approximate percent coverage on individual barriers was determined visually from the 1980s-era, color-infrared AHAP photomosaics, because it was the only data set with a mostly complete and temporally consistent image data set for the study area. Tundra vegetation coverage was interpreted as quartile percentages (0 percent, less than 25 percent, 25-50 percent, 50-75 percent, and greater than 75 percent). For additional information about the data please see Hamilton and others (2020a). Process_Date: 2020 Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector Point_and_Vector_Object_Information: SDTS_Terms_Description: SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: G-polygon Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 747 Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Planar: Map_Projection: Map_Projection_Name: NAD 1983 2011 Alaska Albers (ESRI Full Name: NAD_1983_2011_Alaska_Albers) Albers_Conical_Equal_Area: Standard_Parallel: 55.0 Standard_Parallel: 65.0 Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -154.0 Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 50.0 False_Easting: 0.0 False_Northing: 0.0 Planar_Coordinate_Information: Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: coordinate pair Coordinate_Representation: Abscissa_Resolution: 0.6096 Ordinate_Resolution: 0.6096 Planar_Distance_Units: Meter Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: D_NAD_1983_2011 Ellipsoid_Name: GRS_1980 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.0 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257222101 Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: Attribute Table Entity_Type_Definition: Table containing attribute information associated with the data set. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute: Attribute_Label: Barrier_ID Attribute_Definition: Identification number of a single barrier island - randomly assigned Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 1 Range_Domain_Maximum: 189 Attribute: Attribute_Label: BIChain_ID Attribute_Definition: Barrier chain identification number Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 1 Range_Domain_Maximum: 42 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Era Attribute_Definition: Analysis era Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 1950s Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Shoreline year 1947 or 1949 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 1980s Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Shoreline year 1978 to 1987 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 2000s Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Shoreline year 1997 to 2007 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 2010s Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Shoreline year 2009 to 2016 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 2020s Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Shoreline year 2016 to 2019 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute: Attribute_Label: P_Year Attribute_Definition: Predominant shoreline year, if more than one, used for classification of barrier polygon Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 1947 Range_Domain_Maximum: 2019 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: year Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1 Attribute: Attribute_Label: T_Years Attribute_Definition: All shoreline years composing a barrier shoreline. Some polygons consist of shorelines from more than one year. Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 1947 Range_Domain_Maximum: 2019 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: year Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Shoretype Attribute_Definition: Type of barrier feature Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Barrier beach Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Sand or gravel deposit extending across a body of water Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Barrier island Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Offshore deposits of sand or sediment that run parallel to the coastline Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Barrier spit Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Sand or gravel deposit extending from the mainland into a body of water Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute: Attribute_Label: Type Attribute_Definition: Type of barrier Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Constructed Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Constructed barrier, no tundra vegetation present Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: N Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Unable to determine barrier type Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Remnant Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Relict tundra vegetation present Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute: Attribute_Label: Tundra Attribute_Definition: Tundra vegetation present or absent as determined from the 1980s-era imagery Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: {Null Value / Empty Field Entry} Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Tundra presence or absence was not determined for features of this Era Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: A Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Tundra vegetation in 1980s era imagery is absent Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: P Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Tundra vegetation in 1980s era imagery is present Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute: Attribute_Label: Veg_area Attribute_Definition: Approximate percentage of total area covered by tundra vegetation, when present, as determined from 1980s-era imagery Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: {Null Value / Empty Field Entry} Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Tundra vegetation percent was not determined for for features of this Era Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 0% Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: 0 percent tundra vegetation present Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: <25% Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Less than 25 percent tundra vegetation present Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 25% to 50% Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: 25 to 50 percent tundra vegetation present Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 50% to 75% Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: 50 to 75 percent tundra vegetation present Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: >75% Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Greater than 75 percent tundra vegetation present Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute: Attribute_Label: Total_Isla Attribute_Definition: Total number of islands in a barrier chain during the specified analysis era Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 1 Range_Domain_Maximum: 21 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Recurv Attribute_Definition: Presence, absence, and location of recurved features on the barrier Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 0 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: No recurved feature Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 1 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Recurved feature on the east end of the barrier Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 2 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Recurved feature on the west end of the barrier Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 3 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Recurved feature on the north end of the barrier Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute: Attribute_Label: REast_term Attribute_Definition: Total number of active termini on eastern end of barrier Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0 Range_Domain_Maximum: 9 Attribute: Attribute_Label: RWest_term Attribute_Definition: Total number of active termini on western end of barrier Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0 Range_Domain_Maximum: 5 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Total_tran Attribute_Definition: Total number of transects used in orientation data for each barrier Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 26 Range_Domain_Maximum: 1517 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Area Attribute_Definition: Area of barrier in square meters Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 17.899 Range_Domain_Maximum: 9818190.555 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Square meters Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.01 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Area_leng Attribute_Definition: Area (square meters) per length (meters) of shorelines in barrier chain Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 33.11 Range_Domain_Maximum: 412.57 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.01 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Chain_Area Attribute_Definition: Total area of all exposed barriers in a single barrier chain, in square meters Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 8991.90 Range_Domain_Maximum: 13645176.60 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: square meters Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.01 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Chain_leng Attribute_Definition: Total exposed barrier shoreline length within a single barrier chain, in meters Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 1689.06 Range_Domain_Maximum: 52703.58 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.01 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Perimeter Attribute_Definition: Perimeter of barrier polygon in meters Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 16.57 Range_Domain_Maximum: 1051615.69 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Meters Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.01 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Shore_leng Attribute_Definition: Length of exposed shoreline in meters; -9999 indicates the metric was not calculated (NoData) Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 33.04 Range_Domain_Maximum: 32687.08 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.01 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Cross_leng Attribute_Definition: Cross shore/straight line length of shoreline in meters; -9999 indicates the metric was not calculated (NoData) Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 28.09 Range_Domain_Maximum: 31441.42 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.01 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Sinuosity Attribute_Definition: Ratio between exposed shore length (shore_leng) and cross shore length (cross_leng), in meters; -9999 indicates the metric was not calculated (NoData) Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.03 Range_Domain_Maximum: 2.73 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.01 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Min_width Attribute_Definition: Minimum width of barrier based on transects spaced at 50-meter intervals; -9999 indicates the metric was not calculated (NoData) Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.12 Range_Domain_Maximum: 918.29 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.01 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Max_width Attribute_Definition: Maximum width of barrier based on transects spaced at 50-meter intervals; -9999 indicates the metric was not calculated (NoData) Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 3.08 Range_Domain_Maximum: 1127.50 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.01 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Avg_width Attribute_Definition: Mean width of barrier based on transects spaced at 50-meter intervals; -9999 indicates the metric was not calculated (NoData) Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 3.08 Range_Domain_Maximum: 927.34 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.01 Attribute: Attribute_Label: P25_width Attribute_Definition: 25th percentile width of barrier based on transects spaced at 50-meter intervals; -9999 indicates the metric was not calculated (NoData) Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 2.19 Range_Domain_Maximum: 920.83 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.01 Attribute: Attribute_Label: P75_width Attribute_Definition: 75th percentile width of barrier based on transects spaced at 50-meter intervals; -9999 indicates the metric was not calculated (NoData) Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 3.08 Range_Domain_Maximum: 933.58 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.01 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Min_orient Attribute_Definition: Minimum orientation angle of barriers in a chain Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 90.00 Range_Domain_Maximum: 215.64 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: cardinal degrees Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.01 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Max_orient Attribute_Definition: Maximum orientation angle of barriers in a chain Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 119.05 Range_Domain_Maximum: 270.00 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: cardinal degrees Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.01 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Med_orient Attribute_Definition: Median orientation angle of barriers in a chain Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 104.80 Range_Domain_Maximum: 250.41 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: cardinal degrees Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.01 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Ave_orient Attribute_Definition: Mean or average orientation angle of barriers in a chain Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 105.53 Range_Domain_Maximum: 244.71 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: cardinal degrees Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.01 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Skw_orient Attribute_Definition: Skewness of orientation angle of barrier chain Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -6.25 Range_Domain_Maximum: 10.32 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: cardinal degrees Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.01 Attribute: Attribute_Label: P25_orient Attribute_Definition: 25th percentile of barrier chain orientation Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 96.05 Range_Domain_Maximum: 244.30 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: cardinal degrees Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.01 Attribute: Attribute_Label: P75_orient Attribute_Definition: 25th percentile of barrier chain orientation Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 108.21 Range_Domain_Maximum: 264.28 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: cardinal degrees Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.01 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Min_elev Attribute_Definition: Minimum 2010s-era barrier elevation; -9999 indicates the metric was not calculated (NoData) Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -1.00 Range_Domain_Maximum: 0.13 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters relative to the experimental geoid xGEOID17b Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.01 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Max_elev Attribute_Definition: Maximum 2010s-era barrier elevation; -9999 indicates the metric was not calculated (NoData) Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.13 Range_Domain_Maximum: 8.20 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters relative to the experimental geoid xGEOID17b Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.01 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Avg_elev Attribute_Definition: Average 2010s-era barrier elevation; -9999 indicates the metric was not calculated (NoData) Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -0.26 Range_Domain_Maximum: 3.99 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters relative to the experimental geoid xGEOID17b Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: The entity and attribute information provided here describes the tabular data associated with the data set. Please review the detailed descriptions that are provided (the individual attribute descriptions) for information on the values that appear as fields/table entries of the data set. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: The entity and attribute information were generated by the individual and/or agency identified as the originator of the data set. Please review the rest of the metadata record for additional details and information. Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address: Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302 City: Denver State_or_Province: CO Postal_Code: 80225 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1-888-275-8747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: sciencebase@usgs.gov Resource_Description: These data are available in shapefile format contained in a single zip file, which also includes CSDGM FGDC-compliant metadata. Distribution_Liability: Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: Shapefile Format_Version_Number: ArcGIS Desktop 10.7 Format_Specification: Esri polygon shapefile Format_Information_Content: Zip file contains digitized shoreline position representing the land/water interface of barrier islands and spits on the northern coast of Alaska. File_Decompression_Technique: Use WinZip or equivalent. Transfer_Size: 3.1 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/5f8f1b8582ce06b040efc901 Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/5f8f1b8582ce06b040efc901 Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P90EQ1H7 Access_Instructions: Data can be downloaded using the Network_Resource_Name links. The first link is a direct link to download the zipped file of data and metadata. The second link points to a landing page for the barrier polygon data and metadata. The third link points to the landing page for the entire data release. Fees: None. Technical_Prerequisites: This zip file contains data available in Environmental Systems Research Institute (Esri) polygon shapefile format. The user must have ArcGIS or ArcView 3.0 or greater software to read and process the data file. In lieu of ArcView or ArcGIS, the user may utilize another GIS application package capable of importing the data. A free data viewer, ArcExplorer, capable of displaying the data is available from Esri at www.esri.com. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20210812 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Person: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 2885 Mission Street City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95060 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-427-4747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pcmsc_data@usgs.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998